专升本英语语法教案(真题版)

英语语法

语法的三大基础：

十大词性：

1.名词noun(n.) 表名称例：teacher, book

2.代词pronoun(pron.) 代替名词例：we, he

3.数词numeral(num.) 表数目例：two, second

4.动词verb(v.) 表动作例：be, know, work

5.形容词adjective(adj.) 作定语，译为“…的”例：beautiful, good

6.副词adverb(adv.) 作状语，译为“…的”例：slowly, beautifully

7.冠词article(art.) 三个冠词例：a, an, the

8.介词preposition(prep.) 表词与词的关系例：in, on, from, against

9.连词conjunction(conj.) 连接词与词，句与句例：and, or, but, if

10.感叹词interjection(interj.) 表感情例：oh, ah

☆副词：用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词。说明时间、地点、程度、方式等。

如：now, often, already, here, there, carefully, much, very…

☆介词和连词的区别：介词后跟“名词”，不能直接跟句子。连词后可以直接跟句子。

七大句子成分：

主谓宾表定状补（同位语，插入语）

①主语：句首的“谁”或“什么”，动作发出者。

e.g. I like you.

②谓语动词：主语的动作。

e.g. I like you.

③宾语：动作承受者。

e.g. I like you.

④表语：表主语的性质或状态，be动词为标志。

e.g. I am a student. She is beautiful.

⑤定语：用来限定名词，adj.为标志。

e.g. She is a beautiful girl.

⑥状语：用来修饰词或句子，有时间状语、地点状语、方式状语等。

e.g. I eat bread in the morning. I study English at school.

⑦补语：用来补充说明。分为主语补足语和宾语补足语。

e.g. We elected（选举）him monitor（班长）.

⑧同位语：解释名词的内容。

e.g. Tom, an English teacher, loves his job.

⑨插入语：附加解释。

e.g. As a result,（结果）To be frank(坦白地说), Fortunately,（幸运的是）

五大基本句型：

一、主+谓+宾

↓↓↓

动作发出者谓语动词动作承受者

例：She likes English. (名词)

主谓宾

I love you. (代词)

主谓宾

He enjoys reading. (动名词-ing)

主谓宾

They want to go.(不定式to do)

主谓宾

I know that she has a boy friend.(句子)

主谓宾

二、主+谓（不及物动词）

例：The boy cried.

主谓

Jim runs in the park every morning.

主谓地点状语时间状语

I play with him every day.

主谓介词宾时间状语

☆及物动词（vt.）与不及物动词（vi.）：

及物动词：直接跟宾语，如：I cook food…I eat food…I buy food…

不及物动词：不能直接跟宾语，如果跟，需加介词。如：I talk to him…I play with him…I laugh at him…

三、主+系+ 表

系动词：以be动词为首的一系列动词。

1.be(am, is, are/was, were) 强调用法可单独使用，翻译为“是”。

☆系动词be与助动词be(am, is, are/was, were)的区别：

助动词be不可单独使用：构成进行时：be + doing表正在进行的动作

构成被动语态：be + done表“被…”

例：He is a handsome boy.

主系表

He is swimming.

主谓

He is told about the accident.（被动句）

2.感官系动词，译为：“…起来”

look, sound, smell, taste, feel, appear(看起来)

考点：此时表语只能用adj.充当。

例1：Dinner smells good.

主系表

His voice sounds strange.

主系表

例2：—Do you like the material(布料，材料)？

—Yes, it ____very soft. (2012)

A. is feeling

B. felt

C. feels

D. is felt

3.表状态变化类的系动词：

a.“保持”stay (awake)

b.“变得”become (difficult)

remain (silent) turn (cold)

keep (warm) grow (old)

get (fat)

go (mad)

fall (asleep)

come (true)

例：He went mad last night.

四、主+谓+ 间宾+ 直宾

↓↓

间接宾语（人）直接宾语（物）

例：He gave me a book.

主谓间宾直宾

主+ 谓+ 间宾+ 直宾→主+谓+ 直宾+ 介词 + 间宾

I passed my mother the box. →I passed the box to my mother.

加to的动词有：bring（带来）, show（展示）, sell（卖）, send（寄）, take（拿）, throw（仍）, give（给）, tell（告诉）, offer（提供）, pass（传递）…

I bought John a birthday present. →I bought a birthday present for John.

加for的动词有：book（预订），buy（买）, find（为…找到）, order（订购）, cook （做饭）, choose（选择）, leave（留下）…

五、主+ 谓+ 宾+ 宾补

↓

宾语补足语

例：We elected(选举) him monitor.（班长）

↓

He is monitor.

I will make you caption.(船长)

He saw the boy playing by the river.（现在分词doing）

主谓宾宾补地点状语

The manager asked Amada to leave.（不定式to do）

主谓宾宾补

注:句型四与句型五的区分:句型四，在间宾与直宾之间加系动词be，语义不通顺。

句型五，在宾语与宾补之间加系动词be，语义通顺。

总结：两大基本句型：

主+ 系+ 表

主 + 谓 + 宾

变谓v. →主 + 谓

变宾语→主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾

加宾补→主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补

注：在英语中，一个简单句有且只有一个谓语动词。

名词

名词：专有名词，如人名、地名、机构名等，首字母必须大写。例：John Smith, the United States, Yale University, Children’s Day, the Greens(格林一家人)

名词的数（可数名词与不可数名词）

一、可数名词

单数可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

复数可数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。

注：1.单数可数名词不可单独使用，需在前面加a, an, the, my, his, one等。

2.a用在辅音发音开头的名词前，如a desk, a computer, a university, a tear

an用在元音发音开头的名词前，如an orange, an office, an apple 单数变复数法则：

1.一般直接加-s,如：books, caps(帽子)，trees…

2.以-s, -x, -ch, -sh 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es.如：glasses, boxes, watches,

brushes…(以-th结尾的名词直接加-s,如：months)

3.以辅音字母加-y结尾，把-y变-ies.如：stories, countries…

以元音字母加-y结尾，在-y后直接加-s.如：boys, toys, days…

4.以-o结尾的名词变复数：

有生命，加-es.如：Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes…

无生命，加-s. 如：radios, zoos, photos, pianos…

有生命口诀：黑人和英雄吃西红柿和土豆

5.以-f或-fe结尾的名词变复数，直接加-s.

但是以下名词需要变-f或-fe为-ves,如：self---selves, life---lives(性命), thieves, wives, knives, loaf—loaves(一片), leaves, shelves, wolves, halves.

口诀：为了自己活命，小偷和妻子拿刀子和一片树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半。

6.复合名词（合成名词）变复数，变中心名词，如：girl students, boy friends,

passers-by(过路人), sons-in-law(女婿)

注：man/woman +n. 变复数，两个词都变复数，如：men doctors, women teachers.

7.不规则变化的名词：man---men, woman---women, child---children,

tooth---teeth, foot---feet, mouse---mice, ox---oxen, goose---geese

口诀：男人和女人有小孩，小孩有牙齿和脚，小孩喜欢三种动物：老鼠、公牛、鹅。

8.单复同形的名词：Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, sheep, deer, series, means,

aircraft, works(工厂), species, fish, fruit…如：a sheep, two sheep.

注：American---Americans, German---Germans, Australian---Australians, Frenchman---Frenchmen, Englishman---Englishmen.

9.只有复数的名词：

a.people, police, cattle(牛群)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

例：The police are coming.

b.成双成对的名词，如：shoes, socks, stockings(长筒袜), trousers, gloves,

glasses, chopsticks, scissors(剪刀), 这些词作主语，谓语动词用复数。

注：但与pair(双), suit(套装), kind, sort(种类)等量词连用且作主语时，谓

语动词的单复与量词保持一致。

例：Glasses are expensive.

This pair of glasses is expensive.

These pairs of glasses are expensive.

10.集体名词：

public, government, committee, crowd, class, audience, team, family, group.

民众政府委员会，人群班级听众队，再加家庭和小队。

作主语时：名词作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数。

名词指各个成员时，谓语动词用复数。

例：His family is a big one.

His family get on well with each other.

二、不可数名词

1.无单复数变化，词前不能用a/an，但可用the修饰。

2.作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

3.常见的不可数名词：bread, weather, water, advice, information, furniture, fun, traffic, equipment(设备), luggage=baggage(行李)

4.既可数，又不可数的名词：

paper [C]报纸，论文room [C]房间experience [C]经历[U]纸[U]空间[U]经验

work [C]作品chicken [C]小鸡hair [C](几根)头发[U]工作[U]鸡肉[U]整头头发

time [C]次数glass [C]玻璃杯orange [C]橙子[U]时间[U]玻璃[U]橙汁

名词所有格

有生命，用’s如：the boy’s bag, the children’s rooms

无生命，用of如：the window of the room

注：1.以-s结尾的复数名词加’如：the workers’wage(工资), 不规则复数名词加’s

如：the children’s toys

2.分别所属和共同所属的表达：A and B’s A和B的(一个东西)

A’s and B’s A的(一个东西)和B的(一个东西)

3.双重所有格：名词+ of +名词’s 例：a friend of Tom’s (friends)

名词+ of + 名词性物主代词例：some students of mine

注：表时间、国家、城市等名词后，可加’s 如：five minutes’ walk=five-minute walk 例：My daughter and I took a_____ tour around New York City. (2009)

A. two day

B. two day’s

C. two-days

D. two-day

名词所有格后跟地点名词时，往往省略地点。如：the doctor’s (office), the tailor’s (shop)(裁缝店)，the barber’s (shop)(理发店)

4.修饰可数名词数量的词组：a few/few, many, a (large) number of

修饰不可数名词数量的词组：a little/little, much, a (large) amount of, a great deal of

既修饰可数，又修饰不可数：some, a lot of=lots of, plenty of

5.名词作定语：the room number

n.定语(单数) n.被限定词

当名词作定语时，该名词用单数形式。例：tooth brush, shoe shop, book store

动词的时态

一、一般现在时

1.定义：表示习惯性、经常性、规律性的动作或状态。

2.构成：主语 + 系动词be(am, is, are) + 其他

主语+ 实义动词+ 其他

实义动词的变化规则：

当主语为I/其他人称时，谓语动词用原形。

当主语为单数第三人称时，谓语动词变化规则如下：

⑴一般动词，加-s. 如：works, loves, likes…

⑵以-s, -x, -sh, -ch, -o 结尾的动词加-es. 如：kisses, fixes, washes, watches, goes…

⑶以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词，变-y为-ies. 如：studies, worries, carries…

以元音字母加-y结尾的动词，直接加-s. 如：plays, enjoys…

3.常用的时间状语：

often, usually, always, seldom(很少), sometimes, every day/week/month/year, once

a day, on Mondays/Sundays/weekends

4.否定/疑问形式：

⑴当谓语动词为系动词be时：

否定形式：在be后加not 主+ be(am, is, are) + not + …

疑问形式：be动词提到主语前Is/Are + 主+ …?

⑵当谓语动词为实义动词时，变否定/疑问借助助动词do/does

a.当主语为I/其他人称时，借助do

否定形式：主+ do not (don’t) + 动原+ …

疑问形式：Do + 主+ 动原+ …?

b.当主语为单数第三人称时，借助does

否定形式：主+ does not (doesn’t) + 动原+ …

疑问形式：Does + 主+ 动原+ …?

☆考点：

⑴表示不受时间限制的客观真理、客观事实、自然规律以及名言警句，用一般现在时。

例：The earth moves around the sun.

⑵对列车、航班、时刻表的表述时，用一般现在时。

例：The train leaves at 8 o’clock.

二、一般过去时

1.定义：表示过去发生的动作或状态。

2.构成：主语+ be(was, were) + 其他

主语+ V-ed + 其他（适用于所有人称）

规则动词过去式的变化规则：

⑴一般动词，加-ed. 如：worked, finished, helped, followed…

⑵以-e结尾的加-d. 如：hoped, liked, agreed, believed…

⑶以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词，变-y为-ied. 如：studied, worried…

以元音字母加-y结尾的动词，直接加-ed. 如：played, enjoyed…

⑷以辅音+元音+辅音字母结尾的动词，双写最后的辅音字母，加-ed. 如：

stopped, admitted, begged…

3.时间状语：

yesterday, the day before yesterday(前天), the other day(不久前的一天), just now(刚才), this morning(今天早上), 一段时间+ ago, 如：a week ago, in + 过去时间点, 如：in 1990

4.否定/疑问形式：

⑴当谓语动词为系动词be时：

否定形式：在be后加not 主+ be(was, were) + not + …

疑问形式：be动词提到主语前Was/Were + 主+ …?

⑵当谓语动词为实义动词时，变否定/疑问借助助动词did

否定形式：在动词前加did not 主+ did not (didn’t) + 动原+ …

疑问形式：将did提到主语前Did + 主+ 动原+ …?

☆考点：used to do 过去常常做某事

be used to doing 习惯于做某事

例：I used ____ on the left in England, but I soon got used____ on the right in China.

A. to driving... to drive

B. to drive… to driving(2010)

C. to drive… to drive

D. to driving… to driving

三、一般将来时

1.定义：表示将来发生的动作或状态。

2.构成：主+ will/shall + 动原+ 其他“心甘情愿做…”

注：will 用于所有人称；shall 只用于I/We

主+ be(am, is, are) + going to + 动原+其他“打算做…”

主+ be(am, is, are) + to do “一定要做…”

注：be about to do=be on the point of doing “马上要做…”

3.时间状语：

tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next day/week/month/year,

in + 将来时间点：in 2050 some day（将来有一天）

时间段：in a week

4.否定/疑问形式：

否定形式：在will, shall或be后加not 主+ will/shall + not + 动原+ 其他疑问形式：将will, shall 或be 提到主语前Will/Shall + 主+ 动原+其他? ☆考点：

⑴由if(如果), as long as, unless, in case(万一), when, as soon as(一…就…), not…until(直到…才)引导的时间或条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。（主将从现）

注：引导词后面的句子为从句；“逗号”不能直接连接两个句子。

⑵固定句型：It will be + 时间段+ before + …“再过多久才…”

⑶There be 句型的将来时：There will be…

例：There will be a meeting in three days. (be)

四、过去将来时

1.定义：表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作。

2.构成：主+ would/should + 动原+ 其他

主+ was/were going to do…

主+ was/were to do…

3.时间状语：

the next day/week/month/year, the following day

五、进行时

1.定义：表示某一时刻或阶段内正在进行的动作或状态。

2.构成：现在进行时：be(am, is, are) doing

过去进行时：be(was, were) doing

将来进行时：will be doing

3.时间状语：

现进：now, at present, this week, these days

过进：at that time, at this time yesterday

将进：at this time tomorrow, at nine tomorrow

☆考点：

⑴现在进行时与频度副词：often, always, all the time 等连用时，表达说话人批评或赞扬的情绪，译为：“总是”“老是”。

例：She is always asking questions.

⑵Look! Listen! 多与现在进行时连用。

例：Listen! The bird is singing.

⑶现在进行时与表状态变化的系动词become, get, turn, grow, go连用表示渐变的过程。

例:The weather is becoming colder and colder.

⑷一些表“来”“去”的词常用现在进行时表将来，如：come, leave, arrive, go, begin, start.

例：I’m leaving for Beijing next month.

⑸发生在过去同一段时间内的两个动作，长动作用进行时，短动作用一般态，由when, as, while引导。

例：When I was studying last night, my mother came into my room without knocking the door.

⑹表示某一段时间都在进行的动作，可以是间断进行的动作。

例：We are making model planes these days.

He was writing a novel last night, but I don’t know whether he has finished it.

六、现在完成时

1.定义：⑴动作发生在过去并一直持续到现在。

⑵发生在过去的动作对现在产生了影响。

2.构成：主+ has/have + V-ed (单数第三人称用has, 其他人称都用have)

主动词实义动词

3.时间状语：

already(已经), just(刚刚), yet(还) not…yet(还…没有), ever(曾经), never(从不), recently = lately(最近), so far = by now = up/till to now(直到现在,迄今为止),

in/during the last/past + 时间段“在过去…中”如：in the past two years(在过去两年里), during the last two weeks(在过去两个星期里),

since + 过去时间点(since 1990, since then) for +时间段(多与现在完成时连用) 句子(一般过去时)

4.否定/疑问形式：

否定形式：主+ have/has + not + V-ed + …

疑问形式：Have/Has + 主+ V-ed + …?

☆考点：

⑴have/has been to “去过…”(现在人已经回来了)

have/has gone to “去了…”(现在人不在这儿)

例：I D to the Great Wall three times.

A. has gone

B. have gone

C. has been

D. have been

⑵固定句型1：It is the first/second/third time that + 句子(现在完成时) “这是第几

次做…”

例：This is the first time that I have seen this. (see)

⑶固定句型2：This is + 最高级+ 名词+ that + 句子(现在完成时)

例：This is the best tea that I have drunk. (drink)

⑷for + 时间段/ since…不能与短暂动词连用构成现在完成时。

例：His grandmother has died for two years. (ⅹ)

His grandmother has been dead for two years. (√)

短暂动词需要变为be + 形容词/副词表状态的延续，如：

die →be dead, begin/start →be on, come/join(参加)/arrive(到达) →be in, leave →be away

河南省专升本英语语法专项练习题19

1. The color of the skirt does not （） that of the coat. A、balance B、match C、corresponding D、accord 参考答案： B 参考解析： 【精析】B句意：裙子的颜色和上衣的颜色不搭。词义辨析。match:匹配，相称；balance:平衡；corresponding：对应的，一致的；accord：使适合，符合。 2. Thank you for your letter of May 6, in which you _____ about the bicycles of Model 897. A、ask B、feel C、know D、think 参考答案： A 参考解析： 【精析】A句意：感谢您5月6日的来信，在信中您询问了型号为897的自行车的一些情况。词义辨析题。ask：询问，要求；feel：感觉；know：知道；think：想，认为。根据句意可知，A正确。 3. The defense computers calculate way to （） the enemy missiles.

A、spoil B、harm C、destroy D、damage 参考答案： C 参考解析： 【翻译】防御计算机计算出了摧毁敌人导弹的路径。 ［考点］词义辨析 【精析】C四个选项的意思分别为：spoil溺爱；harm伤害，损害；destroy破坏，毁坏；damage损害。根据题意可知应选C项。 4. I love thinking of new designs. It keeps my mind clear and active and fills my retired life with （）. A、joy B、anxiety C、sorrow D、anger 参考答案： A 参考解析： 【翻译】我喜欢思考新设计。这会使我的头脑保持清醒活跃，还会让我的退休生活充满乐趣。 ［考点］词义辨析

专升本英语语法重点汇总 一、动词时态及语态题（大家应该记住我所讲过的九种时态，特别是其中的过去完成，过去进行时，客观真理要用一般现在时等） 1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958. 2、By the time we got there，the play had already begun. 3、When I was a child，I knew that the earth turns about its axis. 4、When Mr.Delay got home after a day's exhausting work，his wife and children were sleeping. 二、非谓语动词题（特别是现在分词与过时分词的区别，大家一定要弄明白主动与被动这对最最重要的区别，要求大家多看我的上课笔记） 1、The film showed last night was very moving. （不用moved，大家别忘了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别） 2、Having finishing his lecture，the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question. 3、The problem being discussed is very important. 4、Given more time，we are sure to finish it. 5、Will you please make yourself known to everyone here 三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题（这也是一个常考点，it本身是没有意思的，注意it 还可以指时间，天气等。） 1、It is difficult to study English wel l. 2、We think it is important to pass the exam. 四、强调句型（大家要记住的是it is （was）……that…，如果前面是it iswas 后面往往选用that，当然强调人的时候也可用who） 1、It was at an evening party that I first saw her. 2、It is what you will do that is important. 3、When was it that he bought a new car 五、倒装句型

一、一般现在时 1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。 2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如： I’ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there. 3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。 二、现在进行时 1.表示正在进行的动作。 2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。 He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。 3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。 4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget, believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。 三、现在完成时 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room. 2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college. 3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room.It’s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状无关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It’s…这样的一般现在时。) 2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday. 4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”.例如： ——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room. ——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there. 5.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work. 四、现在完成进行时 1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。例如：

语法七大语法考试重点 一独立主格 （一）：独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词； 名词(代词)+形容词； 名词(代词)+副词； 名词(代词)+不定式； 名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 （二）独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 举例： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. This done, we went home. The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. He came into the room, his ears red with cold. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 二过去完成时 1）概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had +过去分词构成。 2）用法 a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t. 3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

第一讲谓语动词时态 一、谓语动词时态 1.When I went into the gym,he__________a heavy weight. A.lifted B.was lifting C.has lifted D.was lifted 2.The more you practise,the greater progress you_________. A.will make B.have made C.are making D.have been making 3.The train from this station__________on time. A.never leaves B.will never leave C.leaving D.was never leaving 4.Fetch a doctor.The wounded soldier__________. A.was dead B.died C.is dying D.has been dead 5.The customer________the money on the counter and went away. https://www.docsj.com/doc/ec17733670.html,y B.lied https://www.docsj.com/doc/ec17733670.html,id D.was laying 6.She wanted to know whether you________her. A.will help B.will be helping C.would be helping D.would help 7.I won't be able to watch the program because I________my homework at that time. A.shall have done B.will do C.shall be done D.will be doing 8.My brother________while he________his bicycle and hurt himself. A.fell;was riding B.fell;were riding C.had fallen; D.had fallen;was riding 9.I had no sooner reached home than it_________to rain. A:had began B:began C:begin D:begin to 10.I________about it since you had told m e what happened A:had been thinking B:had thought C:was thinking D:thought 第二讲情态动词

专升本英语考试题型 试卷题型及分值分布表

语法考点复习 时态与语态 一般现在时: 考点一:表示永恒得真理,即使出现在过去得语境中,仍用一般现在时,如: I learned that the earth goes around the

sun when I was in primary school、 考点二:在时间与条件状语从句中,从句用一般现在时代替代替一般将来时;常用得引导词有: until/when/before/as soon as /the moment/if/unless I will not attend the conference if it rains tomorrow、 He won’t know the truth unless you tell him、 现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或者影响仍然存在。有标志性得时间状语; He has open ed the door、 I have bought a puter、

考点一:for +时间段;since+时间,主句用现在完成时 They have lived in Beijing for five years、They have lived in Beijing since 1995、 考点二:常见得不确定得时间状语: Lately, recently, already, yet, so far,up till now Has it stopped raining yet? 考点三:表示”第几次做某事“或者”it is (最高级)the best (worst, most interesting),主句用一般现在时,从句用现在完成时。 This is the first time that I have visited China、 This is the most interesting film that I have seen、 过去完成时

普通专升本考试英语复 习语法练习 Document number【SA80SAB-SAA9SYT-SAATC-SA6UT-SA18】

普通专升本考试英语复习资料——语法练习 语法测试 1. When autumn comes， the ______ of trees begin to fall。 A. leafs B. leafes C. leaves D. leaf leaf 的复数形式 leaves 答案 C 2. Never before ______ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man。 A. has B. have C. will D. would never before开头，句子倒装。

主语so many people为复数。 engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。 答案 B 3. Mr. Brown， and not I ， ________ chosen to be the representative of the class。 A. is B. am C. are D. have been 主语 答案 A 4. Neither John nor his father _______ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train。 A. was B. were C. would be D. have been

neither……nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。 答案 A 5. The room is eight _______ long。 A. foot B. foots C. feet D. feets foot 英尺，复数形式 feet 答案 C 6. Ten days ______ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesnt need any more。 A. is B. has been C. was D. had been ten days 作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式。(注意时态) 答案 A

1. The most important is not_____ you do, but_____ you do it. A、when; how B、what; what C、what; how D、how; what 参考答案：C 参考解析： ［翻译］最重要的不是你做什么，而是你怎么做。 ［考点］名词性从句 【精析】C分析句子结构可知空格后的从句在句中作表语，因此这是一个表语从句。由第一空后的you do可知此空应选what作do的宾语，而第二空后为you do it，句子成分完整，因此应选副词how，表示“怎么，如何”，故本题应选C。 2. Nothing can _____ unless you tell us the truth. A、do B、does C、have been done D、be done 参考答案：D 参考解析： 【精析】D句意：除非你告诉我们真相，否则我们什么都做不了。动词的语态题。分析句子结构可知，主语nothing与谓语动词do之间为动宾关系，应该用被动语态，故选D。 3. You （）wear your glasses, for the words are rather small. A、had better B、had better to C、would rather D、would rather to 参考答案：A 参考解析： 【翻译】这些字非常小，你最好戴上眼镜。 ［考点］词义辨析 【精析】A had better:最好，还是……好，后跟动词原形；would rather:宁愿，宁可,后跟动词原形。根据句意可知，选A。 4. I rushed to the meeting without breakfast, only （）that it had been postponed. A、to tell B、to be told C、telling D、told

语法 第一节词性 一．名词 1. 名词作形容词使用 名词可以修饰名外一个名词，起定语的作用，或于另一名词构成合成词。这时作定语用的名词一般用作单数名词。 They live in a country house. 他们住在乡下的房子里。 He often visits a night club. 他经常去夜总会。 2. 名词的所有格 1) 表示人或动物以及拟人化事物的名词在词位加’构成所有格，例如：the gentleman’ car , the dog’ food. 这种所有格也可以用于表示时间、重量、距离等的名词，如：yesterday’s news; three hour’s journey. 2) 如果修饰语有如下情况，应该在前面加of构成其所有格。 (1)表示无生命事物：the window of the house; the color of the car (2)集体名词：the capital of the firm, a member of this society (3)the+形容词：the misfortune of the young, the mystery of this coc iety (4)当a, an, this, these, that, any, some, no等词和所有格名词修饰同一名词时，需要同时用以上两种形式，称为双重所有格：I don’t use Tom’s car because I don’t quite appreciate that car of this. (5)有些时候两个名词所有格并列使用，他们后面的名词若分别属于两者所有，须在两个名词所有格后面分别加’s；若属于两个名词所共有，则在第二个名词后面加’s：Martin and Alice’s car broke down again, but luckly they knew how to fix it. (car为单数，说明这辆车市他们两个人所有。) (6)用连字符号连接的两个或者两个以上的词作定语时，其中的名词不能用复数：100-metre race（百米跑） 3) 名词的数 绝大多数棵树名词的复数形式为名词加-s或者-es, 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词要先变y为i，再加es.

学习好资料欢迎下载 第一讲谓语动词时态 一、谓语动词时态 1.When I went into the gym, he __________ a heavy weight. A. lifted B. was lifting C. has lifted D. was lifted 2. The more you practise, the greater progress you _________. A. will make B. have made C. are making D. have been making 3. The train from this station __________ on time. A. never leaves B. will never leave C. leaving D. was never leaving 4. Fetch a doctor. The wounded soldier __________. A. was dead B. died C. is dying D. has been dead 5. The customer ________ the money on the counter and went away. A. lay B. lied C. laid D. was laying 6. She wanted to know whether you ________ her. A. will help B. will be helping C. would be helping D. would help 7.I won't be able to watch the program because I ________ my homework at that time. A. shall have done B. will do C. shall be done D. will be doing 8. My brother ________ while he ________ his bicycle and hurt himself. A. fell; was riding B. fell; were riding C. had fallen; D. had fallen; was riding 9.I had no sooner reached home than it _________ to rain. A: had began B:began C:begin D: begin to 10. I ________ about it since you had told m e what happened A: had been thinking B: had thought C:was thinking D: thought 第二讲情态动词 1. I haven't got anything to do, so I _______ go with you.

一时态和语态：16种表现形式 一、一般现在时（do/does;am/is/are) 考点如下： 1.时间状语： 2.表示客观事实，永恒真理和规律。 必考点1：3.（主将从现）在时间和条件状语从句中，从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时表示一般将来时。 考法：If you pass the spoken English test,you will get a chance to go abroad. 解析：考试一般都会给出时间/条件连词，且从句中的时态，让考生们选择主句中的时态。 注意1：如果从句中的时态是do/does,那么主句中是will do/shall do/be going to do/be about to do/be to do.(be动词为am/is/are;这里will do出现的考点频率最高）注意2：如果从句中的时态是did,那么主句中是would do/shouldl do/be going to do/be about to do/be to do.(be动词为was/were;这里would/should do出现的考点频率最高） 2.He_______as soon as he finishes his homework. A.goes to bed B.will goes to bed C.went to bed D.will go to bed 主将从现例题：用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.If he_______(study)harder,he will catch up with us soon. 2.Frank_______(see)a film if he’s free next Saturday. 3.We won’t go to the park if it________(rain)tomorrow. 注意3：主句中暗含一般将来时，从句中仍然用一般现在时（do/does)： 1.the new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______ a.will arrive b.arrives c.is arriving d.is going to arrive

重庆普通专升本《大学英语》语法与词汇复习题（一）时间：2011-02-14 来源：重庆专升本考试信息网整理阅读1262 次 1. He offered to _____ her a hand as the suitcase was too heavy for her to carry. A. borrow B. help C. lend D. show 3. A sudden idea _____ to him that he might try the new method. A. occurred B. happened C. took place D. took part 4. We tried to _____ what he meant. A. make for B. make out C. make of D. make from 5. Although the weather was very bad, the buses still ran on _____. A. time B. plan C. schedule D. arrangement 6. I should like to _____ touch with old friends but I have so little time. A. get into B. be in C. keep in D. lose 7. Though he was born and brought up in America, he can speak _____ Chinese. A. smooth B. fluent C. slide D. flowing

普通专升本考试英语复习资料——语法练习 语法测试 1. When autumn comes， the ______ of trees begin to fall。 A. leafs B. leafes C. leaves D. leaf leaf 的复数形式 leaves 答案 C 2. Never before ______ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man。 A. has B. have C. will D. would never before开头，句子倒装。 主语so many people为复数。 engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。 答案 B 3. Mr. Brown， and not I ， ________ chosen to be the representative of the class。 A. is B. am C. are D. have been 主语 答案 A 4. Neither John nor his father _______ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train。

A. was B. were C. would be D. have been neither……nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。 答案 A 5. The room is eight _______ long。 A. foot B. foots C. feet D. feets foot 英尺，复数形式 feet 答案 C 6. Ten days ______ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesnt need any more。 A. is B. has been C. was D. had been ten days 作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式。(注意时态) 答案 A 7. The flood has done _____ to this area。 A. damages B. many damages C. much damage D. damaging 8. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ at the meeting。 A. was present B. were present C. have been presented D. has been presented not only…… but also 谓语动词与相邻名词一致。 present 呈现，介绍

目录 一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态） ? 主语 subject 谓语 predicate 宾语 object 宾语补足语 object complement 表语 predictive 定语 attributive 状语 adverbial WARM-UP：1)The teacher in the classroom. 2)Sang many songs and danced happily. 3)She attracts. 4)Many people living in the country. 5)All the books on the desk over there. 以上这些形式都不能构成英语句子。 英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语（核心：主动词）

I．八大成分的概念和构成 1．主语(名词代词形)：句子的主体，是谓语陈述，说明的对象。 If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain. 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。 The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching. 成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始，并要坚持不断磨练。 充当主语的形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式8）介词短语（少见） 形式主语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）（见第六讲主语和宾语） 2．谓语：表示主语的行为或进行的活动。 I have a dream. You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want. 所需之物未必皆所欲，所欲未必皆所需。 谓语形式：动词（英语句子的灵魂） 3．宾语：行为或活动的对象，接受者或受影响者。 You don’t find opportunities…you make them. 你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。 You probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on. 如果你常开着电视，你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。 充当宾语形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式 形式宾语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）（见第六讲主语和宾语） 4．表语：说明主语的身份和情况。(跟在系动词后) Time is money. Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do. 你想做什么事，三点钟总是太早或太迟。 构成形式：1）名词2）形容词3）代词4）数词5）不定式6）ing形式7）过去分词8）副词9）介词短语10）小品词 11）名词从句 5．补语：补充说明。（由动词类别来决定） 构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）形容词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过去分词8）介词短语 9）副词小品词10）名词从句 主语补语 Tom was made monitor. 宾语补语 I made Tom monitor. 表语补语 I am sure to succeed. 6. 定语：对名词性形式进行范围限定。 This is beautiful music. There are only two kinds of music…good and bad. 自古音乐分两种，好的和坏的。 构成形式：1）限定词2）形容词3）名词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过去分词 8）介词短语9）副词10）关系从句

目录 一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态）......................... 二、不定式................................................ 三、动词的时态和语态...................................... 一般现在时的特例............................................ 一般过去时的注意点.......................................... 一般将来时的注意点.......................................... 四、非谓语动词............................................ 五、复合式谓语............................................ 六、动词的虚拟语气........................................ 七、状语从句 (50) 1、时间状语从句............................................. 2.地点状语从句.............................................. 3、原因状语从句............................................. 4．条件状语从句............................................. 5．让步状语从句............................................. 6．目的状语从句............................................. 7．结果状语从句............................................. 8．方式状语从句............................................. 一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态） ? 主语 subject 谓语 predicate

1. It is important that the boy（）an adult to take care of him. A、have B、had C、has D、having 参考答案：A 参考解析： 【翻译】重要的是有个大人来照顾这个小男孩。 ［考点］虚拟语气 【精析】A It is important that引导的主语从句中常用虚拟语气，谓语动词的形式为“should+动词原形”，且should可以省略。故选A。 2. We arranged to meet at the station but she did not（）. A、break up B、turn up C、bring up D、set up 参考答案：B 参考解析： 【翻译】我们原计划在车站见面，但她没有出现。 ［考点］词义辨析

【精析】B break up:打碎，结束，解散；turn up:出现；bring up:提出，教育，培养；set up:建立。根据句意可知，选B。 3. The manager often requires us never to _____ till tomorrow what we can do today. A、come up B、put off C、turn on D、give out 参考答案：B 参考解析： 【翻译】经理经常要求我们不把今天能做的事推迟到明天。 ［考点］词组辨析 【精析】B come up：走近，引起注意，put off：推迟，使延期；turn on：打开（开关）；giveout:分发。根据句意，选B。 4. I have heard a lot about him _____ I came back from abroad. A、since B、until C、before D、when 参考答案：A 参考解析： ［翻译］回国之后我听说了关于他的不少事情。

从2001至今，普通高等学校选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习（普通专升本）考试只考两门课程，一是公共英语课程，二是专业基础课程；公共英语课程是所有非英语专业的必考课程。满分150分，可见公共英语在专升本考试中的重要性。为了帮应试学生更好地整体把握考试，给出历年真题的题型及分值统计分析表。 2003-2010专升本公共英语真题题型及分值表 试题 题型 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 词汇 语法 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40 阅读 理解 60 60 60 40 40 40 40 40 完形 填空 20 20 10 20 20 20 20 20 翻译20 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 词性 转换 10 10 10 10 10 0 作文20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 总分150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 从该表看出，自2006年开始，词汇语法、阅读理解、完形填空、作文都是每年必考的固定题型，并且分值不变。翻译也是每年必考的题型，从2003-2009年每年20分（英译汉10分，汉译英10分），但2010年翻译部分增加了10分的英汉对话翻译。词性转换自2005-2009年每年10分，但2010年取消该题型。每年固定不变的题型有词汇语法、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译、作文；可变化的题型有词性转换、补全对话、辨识错误和英汉对话翻译，预测这几种题型会任选一个，分值10分。 2003-2010年专升本公共英语词汇与语法测试试题分值表 考点2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 语法14+ 20c 19+ 20c 15+ 10c 38+ 20 c 30+ 20 c 22+ 20 c 19+ 20 c 30+ 20 c 词汇16 11 15+ 10 2+ 10 10+ 10 18+ 10 21+ 10 10+ 合计50 50 50 70 70 70 70 60 比例1/3 1/3 1/3 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/3 从表中看出，直接考察语法和词汇知识分值有70分，占了总分值的近1/2。从2006年开始，在40分的语法词汇部分，语法占的比重大，如2006年，语法：词汇是38:2；2007年，语法：词汇是30:10；2008年，语法：词汇是22:18；2009年，语法：词汇是19:21； 2010年，语法：词汇是30:10。而阅读、翻译及写作部分，依然是考核语法词汇基本知识的，