英语短暂性动词用法
短暂性（瞬间）动词转换为延续性动词
①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.
→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there
1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
2) I moved to the USA last year.
I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
3) I went home yesterday.
I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
4) They came here last week.
They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
②c ome/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out
1) He came out two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
③become → be
1) I became a teacher in 2000.
I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
2) The river became dirty last year.
The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④close → be closed open → be open
1) The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
2) The door opened at six in the morning.
The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤get up → be up；die → be dead；leave sw. → be away from sw.
fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep；finish/en d → be over；
marry → be married；
1) I got up two hours ago.
I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
2) He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six. The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago.
I ________ _________ _________ since _________ _________.
6) They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. ；begin → be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
2) The film began two minutes ago. The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦borrow → keep；lose → not have ；buy → have ；put on → wear
catch/get a cold → have a cold；get to know → know
1) They borrowed it last week.
They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
3) I got to know him last year.I _______ _______ him since __________ __________.
4) I put on my glasses three years ago.
I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.
⑧have/has gone to → have been in
He has gone to Beijing. He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.
⑨join the league/the Party/the army → be a league/a Party member/a soldier
→ be a member of the league/the Party → be in the league/the Party/the army
1) He joined the league in 2002.
He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.
He _______ _________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years. He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.
2) My brother joined the army two years ago.
My brother ________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________. My brother __________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.
初中英语动词用法(全)
初中英语动词用法 A act v. 表演，演戏 act as sb./ sth. 充任某角色，担任某工作 I don’t understand English, so you have to act as my interpreter(翻译)。 其他用法：act for 代表某人，代理某人的职位 During her illness, her lawyer has been acting for her in her business. 在她生病期间，她的律师一直代理她的业务。 add v. (1)加，增加，添加 add sth. to sth. 往...里添加... eg. If the tea is too strong, add some water to it. eg. He added his signature to the petition(请愿书)。 add A and B (together) 加eg. If you add 5 and 5, you get 10. add to sth. 增加某事物eg. The bad weather only add to our difficulties. 这种坏天气更增加了我们的困难。 (2) 补充；继续说eg. “I’ll come here later.’’ he added. add in 包括...在内eg. Don’t forget add me in. 别忘了把我算上。 add up 合计，加起来 add up to 总计达到 add fuel to the fire 火上浇油 afford v. 负担得起（...的费用，损失，后果），买得起；抽得出时间 （常与can, could, be able to 连用） afford sth. eg. I’d love to go on holiday but I can’t afford the time. eg. They walked because the can’t afford a taxi. afford to do sth. eg. They walked because they can’t afford to take a taxi. eg. I have to work hard because I can’t afford to loose my job. agree v. 同意，赞同 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见eg. I agree with you. agree on + 表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动的词eg. We agreed on the plan. agree to do sth. 同意做某事eg. We agreed to start early. agree that + 宾语从句eg. She agreed that I was right. 其他用法：agree with sb. (尤用于否定或疑问句) （对某人的健康或胃口）适合 I like mushrooms but unfortunately they don’t agree with me. 我喜欢吃蘑菇，可惜吃了以后难受。 The humid climate in the south didn’t agree with him. 他不适应南方潮湿的气候。 aim v. 瞄准，对准aim at 瞄准，针对 aim at the target 瞄准目标/ 靶子；aim at a success 志在成功 eg. My remarks were not aim at you. 我的话不是针对你。 allow v. 允许，准许 allow doing sth. eg. We don’t allow smoking in our house. 在我们家不允许抽烟。 allow sb. to do sth. eg. They allow her to go to the party. 他们允许她去参加晚会。 allow sb. in/ out/ up 允许某人进来/ 出去/ 起来 annoy v. 使恼怒，使生气 annoy sb. 使某人生气，使某人心烦eg. I was annoyed by his remarks. 他的言论激怒了我。
(完整word版)现在完成时练习(短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换)
现在完成时练习题（短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换） 一.单项选择 （）1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in （）2. Mike ___________ the story for a month. A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed （）3. Mr. Black _________ China since the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to （）4. His father _______ for years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies （）5. He has a computer of his own. He ____ it two days ago A. bought B. bought C. bought D. has bought （）6. --- Is your father a Party member? --- Yes, he ____ the party three years ago. He _____ a Party member for three years. A. joined; has been B. has joined; has been C. was joined; is D. joined; was （）7. ---What a nice bike! How lone ____ you ____ it? ----Just five weeks. A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; having D. have; had （）8. I ______ this book for a week .I have to return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept （）9. ----______ your sister _______ in Green China for a long time? ----Yes. She joined it five years ago. A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. Have; joined （）10. ---How long have you _______ from the USA? ----For three months. A. come back B. returned C. go back D. been back （）11. I _____ this book for half a year. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had
【英语】英语动词用法总结(完整)
【英语】英语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择动词 1．It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly___my friend. A．turn out B．bring out C．call out D．pick out 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：电影院里太黑了，我几乎不能认出我的朋友。pick out 意为“认出，选出”。根据所提供的情景“It was so dark in the cinema”可判断出由于电影院里很黑，很难认出朋友。turn out意为“发生，结果是”；bring out意为“使显示,出版,生产,说出”；call out意为“出动,唤起,大声叫唤”。故选D。 2．Jess was sad and her friend helped her ___ the first awful weeks after her husband Bill died. A．break through B．break down C．get through D．get rid of 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查词组：A. break through突破，B. break down崩溃，垮掉，抛锚，C. get through 接通，度过，完成，D. get rid of克服，句意：在丈夫Bill去世后，Jess很难过，她的朋友帮助她度过前几个难过的星期。选C。 考点：考查词组 3．Your own personal behavior as a teacher, outside school hours, _______ on the school itself. A．resembles B．reminds C．reflects D．remains 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名教师，你在课外的个人行为会给学校带来不良影响。 A. resembles 相似 B. reminds提醒 C. reflects反应 D. remains保持。reflect on导致，招致，根据句意可知，选C。 4．He had been struggling for many years and finally ________ his fantasies. A．lived up B．lived on C．lived through D．lived out 【答案】D 【解析】
延续性动词与短暂性动词的用法
延续性动词与短暂性动词的用法英语中的动词，是学习中的重点，又是难点。英语中的动词有多种分类法。根据其有无含义，动词可分为实义动词和助动词；根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态，可以分为行为动词和状态动词；根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。 可以表示持续的行为或状态的动词，叫做“延续性动词”，也叫“持续性动词”，如：be, keep, have, like, study, live, etc. 有的表示短暂、瞬间性的动词，叫做“终止性动词”，也可叫“短暂性动词”，或“瞬间性动词”，如die, join, leave, become, return, reach, etc. 终止性动词构成的现在完成时，不可以用表示一段时间的状语（如：since 和for引导的短语）来修饰，终止性动词构成的现在完成时，只表示动作发生的因果关系，不能表示动作的延续，因此不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰。 如可以说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stric ken area. 但不可说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stric ken area for three days. 因为start是终止性动词, 它所表示的动作短促, 当红十字会出发时，start 这个动作便结束了, 不可能延续两天。 在多年的教学生涯中，发现学生对于如何解决这对矛盾不知所措，下面我来归纳一下解决这对矛盾的四种方法。 1. 用ago时间状语短语来代替since或for引导的时间状语： eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong) Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong) 应改为: He returned from America two years ago. 2．用It is… since…复合句代替简单句 eg. It has been/is two years since Mr. Richard returned from Americ a. 注意：以上两种办法适用于所有终止性动词。 3．用相应的形容词和副词代替终止性动词。 eg. Mr. Richard has been back from America for two years. 4．用延缓性动词代替终止性动词。 eg. He has gone to the Internet for six hours. (wrong) 应改为:He has been on the Internet for six hours. 但须注意：终止性动词的否定式可以和since 或for 引导的时间状语连用。因为终止性动词的否定表示的是一种可以延续的状态。 eg. I have heard from my friend in Africa for half a year. (wrong) I haven’t heard from my friend in Africa for half a year.. (right) 此外，终止性动词与延缓性动词在翻译上也不同，很易混淆。下面我再就终止性动词与延缓性动词的含义问题做一归纳：
初中英语动词用法总结资料
初中英语高频动词用法汇总 2017-01-05 期末考试马上就到了，当同学们每次遇到选填to do, doing 还是do 形式的题目时，脑海中的反应大概都是“to do 好像通，不对，应该是doing，还是填原形do 呢”？下面这些初中阶段高频出现的一些动词用法，让你从此告别看到to do, doing, do 就一脸懵的囧状。 加to do 的高频考察动词 1. afford to do 负担的起做某事 We can’t afford to make any mistakes.我们承担不起任何失误。 2. agree to do 同意做某事 Do you agree to have dinner today? 今天你同意一块吃饭吗？ 3. choose to do 选择做某事 Why do so many choose to leave their country? 为什么有这么多人要离开祖国? 4. decide to do 决定做某事 She decided to accept the offer. 她决定接受这一提议。 5. expect to do 期待做某事 The shop expects to make more money this year. 这家店铺期望今年多赚点钱。 6. hope to do 希望做某事 I hope to see you again sometime next year. 我希望明年某一时候再见到你。 7. hurry to do 急忙做某事 We shall have to hurry to get there in time. 我们将不得不及时赶到那。 8. manage to do 设法做成某事 How do you manage to do such a thing? 你是怎么设法做这样的事? 9. plan to do 打算做某事 Where do you plan to spend your holiday? 你打算去哪里度假？ 10. prefer to do 宁愿做某事 I prefer to travel in the front of the car. 我宁愿坐在汽车的前面。 11. refuse to do 拒绝做某事 I refuse to answer that question. 我不愿回答那个问题。 12. seem to do 看似做了某事
中考英语短暂性动词与延续性动词相互转换讲练
中考英语短暂性动词与延续性动词相互转换讲练 中考英语短暂性动词与延续性动词相互转换对应表 语法讲解： 1.现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在，并可以和以 for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，也可以用在以“how long”提问的句子中，句子中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。例： He has been away from Beijing for two years. = He left Beijing two years ago. When did the train arrive here? B. How long ____ the train ____ here? 2.在现在完成时的肯定句中，非延续性动词作谓语动词时，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。但可以用其他句式来表示同一个意思。例： Lucy has come back. The old man died 4 years ago. = The old man has been dead for 4 years.
He has been away from Beijing for two years. = He left Beijing two years ago. = It is two years since he left Beijing. = Two years has passed since he left Beijing. 3.非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语，并可以与for，since引导的时间状语连用，表示动作的延续过程。例如： She h asn’t bought any new clothes since last year. I haven’t borrowed the book for a long time. 巩固习题： 1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away 2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become 5.The meeting _______ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 6.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught 7.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became 8. I ______ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned 9. How long _______ he ________ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead 10. ----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep 11.He ________ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 12.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been 13.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from 14.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take 15.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been
短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法
短暂性动词与延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法 英语中的动词有多种分类法。根据其有无含义，动词可分为实义动词和助动词；根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态，可以分为行为动词和状态动词；根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。英语中，按动词延续的时间长短，可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。延续性动词如learn, study, work, play, wait，have,,live,teach,keep,like 等。短暂性动词是非延续性动词，即动作一开始便结束的动词，又可称结束性动词，瞬间动词，如leave, begin, start, return, arrive, reach, die, marry, bear, see, hear, receive, buy, get, enter, take off, start off, come in, come back, take place, break out, put on, put down, go in 等。 终止性动词构成的现在完成时，不可以用表示一段时间的状语（如：since 和for引导的短语）来修饰，终止性动词构成的现在
完成时，只表示动作发生的因果关系，不能表示动作的延续，因此不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰。 如可以说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area. 但不可说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days. 因为start是终止性动词, 它所表示的动作短促, 当红十字会出发时，start这个动作便结束了, 不可能延续两天。 1. 用ago时间状语短语来代替since或for引导的时间状语： eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong) Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong) 应改为: He returned from America two years ago. 2．用It is… since…复合句代替简单句
短暂性动词和延续性动词
延续性动词和短暂性动词的区别 1 延续性动词：表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。 延续性动词常不能和表示一个短暂具体的时间状语连用。live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write,dance, sing,smoke 2短暂性动词：表示不能延续的动作，即动作发生后立即结束。如：begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,ope n,sell,start,stop 等。 3、代替短暂性动词的方法 a)用延续性动词代替短暂性动词 1、用have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on b)用“be＋形容词”代短暂性动词 1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill 3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose c)用“be＋副词”代短暂性动词 1“be＋on”代start,begin 2“be＋up”代get up 3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 d)用“be＋介词短语”代短暂性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to （此文档部分内容来源于网络，如有侵权请告知删除，文档可自行编辑修改内容，
中考英语常用动词用法搭配归纳
中考英语常用动词用法搭配归纳 A ask sb about doing sth ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 agree to do sth 同意做某事 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 (sb.)be allowed to do sth (某人)被允许做某事 B be interested in doing sth 乐忠于做某事 be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth. = be afraid to do sth by doing sth 通过做某事的方法/依据此事做某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 C consider doing sth 考虑做某事 can't stand doing sth 不能忍受做某事. D do one's best to do sth 尽某人最大努力去做某事drop doing sth do well in doing sth 在某方面做的好 decide to do sth 决定做某事 E end up doing sth enjoy doing sth 对某事感到兴趣 F forget to do sth忘记去做某事 forget doing sth忘记已做过的事 find sb doing sth发现某人在做某事 finish doing sth 完成某事 G get to do sth give up doing sth 放弃做某事 go on doing sth继续做同一件事 go on to do sth.继续做不同的事 H have trouble doing sth 焦虑于做某事 how to do sth 怎么去做某事 had better do sth 最好做某事 hope to do sth 希望做某事 hear sb to do sth 听到某人去做某事 help sb to do sth.=help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 I it is time to do sth 是该时间做某事 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人去做某事 love to do sth 暂时性地喜欢去做某事同like用法love doing sth 指一直都很喜欢做某事同like用法invite sb to do sth K keep sb./ sth. out (of sth.) 不让……入内 keep (on) doing sth. 继续做某事 keep sb doing 让某人一直做某事 keep sb from doing 不让某人做某事 L let sb do sth like to do sth 暂时性地喜欢去做某事同love用法like doing sth 指一直都很喜欢做某事同love用法listen to sth lend sb to do sth 送某人去做什么 M mind one's doing sth make sb. do sth 使某人做某事 mind doing sth N (sb.)need to do sth (某人)需要去做某事 P practice doing sth 练习做某事 prefer to do sth rather do sth. prefer doing(A) to doing(B) 比起B更喜欢A plan to do sth 计划做某事 R remember (not)to do sth (不)记得去做…… remember doing sth 记得已做过…… S stop to do sth 停止原先做的事再去做某事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事 succeed in doing sth 在某事上获取了成功 see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事同watch 用法(sb．)spend some time doing sth. (某人)花时间做某事start to do sth/doing sth. =begin to do sth./doing sth.开始做某事 T try to do sth 努力做某事 try doing sth 试着做某事 tell sb (not)to do sth thank sb for doing sth 感谢某人做了某事 too...to do sth 太...而不能做某事 the best way to do sth 做某事的最好方式 takes sb．some time to do sth. 花时间做某事 U used to do sth 过去经常做什么 used for doing sth 用于做什么 used of 利用 W watch sb do sth 表示看见某人做某事的全过程同see等用法 watch sb doing sth 表示看见某人正在做某事同see等用法 would like to do sth 想要去做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 want to do sth. 想要去做某事 What about doing sth 做某事怎么样? 通常用于提建议. watch / see/ hear sb do / doing sth Why not do sth 为什么不做某事呢? 通常用于提建议wait for sb to do sth 等待某人为自己做某事 Y you'd better (not)do sth 你最好(不)要做某事
英语短暂性动词和延续性动词
1.d ied—have/hasb een dead 2.b ought—have/has had 3.b orrowed—have/has kept 4.b egan—have/has been on 5.o pened-have/has been open 6.c losed —have/has been closed 7.l eft? --have/has been away from? 8.c ame here —have/has been here 9.m oved to? --have/has lived in.. 10.w ent to? --have/has been in? 11.j oined? --have/has been in?. /have/has beena member of? 12.m arried sb/got married to sb—have/has been married to sb 13.f inished –have/has been over
14.m ade/became friends —have/has been friends 15.b egan to teach —have/has taught 16.l ose (lost—) haven'/h t asn't had 17.b ecome (became—) have/has been * He went to London in 1990. He is still in London now. He has been in Londons ince 1990. * I borrowed the book two weeks ago. I have kept the book for two weeks/sincet wo weeks ago. It is two weekss ince I borrowed the book. He joined the League two years ago. = It is two years since he
现在完成时中短暂性动词变延续性动词归纳表精编版
延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有: ⑴for+一段时间, 如：for 2 years; ⑵since从句, 如since he came here; since+过去时间点名词, 如since last year, since 5 days ago。 例: He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock; 例:He died 5 years ago. 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：（考试重点） 例：He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes.
这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是5分钟之前发生的，是过去时。也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了，这个动作是延续的，要用现在完成时，并且要把原来的短暂性动词改为延续性动词。 一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词： arrive（get to /reach）→ be here (in) begin(start) → be on die → be dead come here（back）→be here（back） leave → be away (from) fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep) get up→ be up go/ get out（there）→ be out（there） finish → be over put on → wear 或be on open → be open（keep sth. open） join → be in或be a member of…+组织机构 close → be closed go to school → be a student borrow →keep buy/get →have catch(a cold) → have(a cold)
高中英语语法：动词用法讲解
高中英语语法之动词用法讲解 动词的分类 动词按其在句中所充当的句子成分分为谓语动词和非谓语动词 一.谓语动词: 用于谓语中的动词称为谓语动词. 按照其能否独立作谓语, 谓语动词又可分为两类: 1.能独立作谓语的动词称为完全动词, 即实义动词; 2.不能独立作谓语的动词称为不完全动词, 包括: 连系动词, 情态动词, 助动词 连系动词有两种: ①.表示特征状态, 如: be, appear看起来, seem看来,似乎, look 看起来, sound听起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, feel 摸起来, remain仍然是; ②.表示变化过程, 如: become变成, get成为, grow变得, turn变成, go变得, prove证明是 情态动词和助动词参看其他章节 二.非谓语动词: 不充当谓语的动词形式称为非谓语动词, 包括: 不定式, 分词(现在分词和过去分词, 动名词三种, 它们在句中可以充当主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语, 状语等, 具体细节参看第十一章. 三.使用实义动词时要注意的问题: 1.实义动词分为及物与不及物, 及物动词要求有宾语, 能用于被动语态; 不及物 动词不能有宾语, 不能用于被动语态 2.实义动词还可分为持续动词与瞬间动词, 前者可以与表示段时间的时间状语 连用, 而后者不可. 但瞬间动词的否定式表示“该动作没有发生”, 可视为一种可持续的状态, 并可与段时间状语连用 a. They watched the train leave for five minutes. ( watch是持续动词
b. I received his letter yesterday. ( receive是瞬间动词 c. How long have you joined the army ?(错误: joined是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用 d. When did you join the army ? (正确 e. How long have you been in the army ? (正确 f. How long may I borrow the book ? (错误: borrow是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用 g. How long may I keep the book ? (正确 h. I haven’t received his letter f or almost two months. (not receive表示“没有收到”, 这一意思可视为一种持续的状态, 因此可以和段时间two months连用 四.短语动词的种类: 共有五种不同的短语动词 1. “动词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: depend on, look for 2. “动词+副词”: 有的相当于及物动词, 如: look up(查找, 有的相当于不及物动词, 如: slow down(慢下来. 这类短语动词的宾语是代词时, 只能放在动词和副词之间, 如: call her up; 这类短语动词的宾语是名词时, 既可放在动词和副词之间, 也可放在副词之后, 如: call Tom up或call up Tom 3. “动词+副词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: keep away from 4. “动词+名词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: lose sight of 5. “be +形容词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: be worthy of 动词的形式 一.动词的基本形式有: ①.原形; ②.单数第三人称现在时形式, 即词尾加– s / - es;
瞬间性动词与延续性动词(新)
延续性动词与非延续性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有: 1.for+一段时间, eg: for 2 years; for a long time等 2.since从句,since he came here; 3.since+时间点+ago,eg：since last year, since 5 days ago; 4. how long; 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 如果要与for+ 时间段，since+年份，since+时间段+ago，how long连用时，瞬间性动词要变延续性动词。 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：
例：（1）他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago. 正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died. (2) 他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago. 正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法： (1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词, 如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式. (2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达 方式。 (3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。 (4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。 四、终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的 状语连用。 如:1.He hasn't left here since 1986. 2.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 五、终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型，意为"