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英语动词用法大全

英语动词用法大全
英语动词用法大全

英语动词用法大全(附练习)

—、什么是动词

动词是用来表示主语做什么(即行为动词),或表示主语是什么或怎么样(即状态动词)的

词,例如:

The boy runs fast.(这个男孩跑得快。)runs表示主语的行为

He is a boy.(他是个男孩。)is与后面的表语a boy表示主语的状态

二、动词的分类

动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类,即行为动词(也称实义动词)、连系动

词、助动词和情态动词。

(一)行为动词

行为动词(实义动词)是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整,可以单独作谓语。例

如:

I live in Beijing with my mother.(我和我妈妈住在北京。)live,住

It has a round face.(它有一张圆脸。)has,有

(二)连系动词

连系动词是表示主语是什么”或怎么样”的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓

语,必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语,例如:

We are in Grade Two this year.(今年我们在两年级。)are,是

are这个词的词义是"在句子中常常不译出。

连系动词可具体分为三类:

1表示是”的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式,is,am,

are,was,were,have/has been等要特另U予以注意。例如:

He is a teacher.(他是个教师。)

He was a soldier two years ago.(两年前他是个士兵。)

We are Ch in ese.(我们是中国人。)

2、表示感觉"的词,如look (看起来),feel (觉得,摸起来),smell (闻起来),sou nd (听起来),taste (尝起来)等,例如:

She looked tired.(她看一去很疲劳。)

I feel ill.(我觉得不舒服。)

Cotton feels soft.(棉花摸起来很软。)

The story sou nds in terest in g.(这个故事听起来很有趣。)

The flowers smell sweet.(这些花闻起来很香。)

The mixture tasted horrible.(这药水太难喝了。)

3、表示变” 变成”的意思的词,如become, get, grow, turn,都解释为变” 变得”例如:

She became a college student.(她成了一名大学生。)

He feels sick. His face turns white.(他感到不舒服,他的脸色变苍白了。)

The weather gets warmer and the days get l on ger when spri ng comes. (春天来了,天气变得暖和些了,白天也变得较长些了。)

He grew old.(他老了。)

[难点解释]

注意区别以下一些动词的用法,它们既可以作为行为动词,又可以作为连系动词。

1、l ook看;看起来

He is looki ng at the picture.(他正在看这图片。)行为动词

It looks beautiful.(它看上去很美丽。)连系动词

2、f ell摸;感觉

1)I felt someone touch my arm.(我感到有人碰我的手臂。)行为动词

Are you felli ng better today than before?(你今天比以前感到好些了吗?)连系动词

3、s mell嗅;闻起来

My little brother likes to smell the apple before he eats it.(我的小弟弟喜欢在吃苹果前闻一闻。)

行为动词

Great! The flowers smell nice.(这些花闻起来多香啊!)连系动词

4、s ou nd弄响,发音;听起来

The letter “ h" in hour is not so(n在ediour这个词中字母h是不发音的。)行为动词

The gun sounded much closer.(枪声听起来更近了。)连系动词

5、t aste辨味;尝起来

Please taste the soup.(请尝一口汤。)行为动词

The soup tastes terrible.(这汤尝起来味道太差了。)连系动词

6、g et得到,获得;变

There are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get on e(桌上有些香蕉,你们每个人可以拿一个。)行为动词

7、g row生长,种植;变

Do you grow rice in your coun try?(你们的国家种水稻吗?)行为动词

It ' s too late. It ' s grow太g迟了,.天渐渐变暗了。)连系动词

8、t urn转动,翻动,使变得;变

The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)行为动词

When spring comes, the trees turn green and the flowers come out.(春天来了,树叶变经绿了,花儿开了。)连系动词

上述句子中的动词如grow、get、turn等,既可以作连系动词,又可以作行为动词。如何来

辨别它们呢?有一个最简便的方法,即用连系动词be替换句子中的这些动词,句子仍然成

立就是连系动词;反之,不能替换的,就是行为动词。例如:

The trees turn/are green when spring comes.(春天来临,树叶变绿。)

The earth rurns around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)

这第二句句子中的turn是行为动词,意为转动”无法以is替换。

(三)助动词

这类词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能与主要动词一起构成谓语,表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问,例如:

He does not speak English well.(他英语讲得不好。) 句中的does 是助动词,既表示一般现在时,又与

not —起构成否定形式。

A dog is running after a cat.(一条狗正在追逐一只猫。) 句中的is 是助动词,和run 的现在分词一起构成现在进行时。

Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast ?(他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗?) 句中的did 是助动词,既表示一般过去时,又和动词 have 一起构成疑问。

(四)情态动词

这类词本身虽有意义,但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态,如可能” 应当"等。这类动词有 can, may, must, need, dare, could, might 等。它们不能单独作谓语,必 须与行为动词(原形)一起作谓语,表示完整的意思,例如: I can dance.(我会跳舞。) can,能,会

He can ' t walk because he is a baby 因为他是个婴儿,不会走路。) can '不必

May I come in ?(我可以进来吗?) may,可以

第二节及物动词与不及物动词

行为动词(即实义动词)按其是否需要宾语,可以分为及物动词和不及物动词 。

一、 及物动词

及物动词后面必须跟宾语 ,意思才完整,例如:" Give me some ink, please.(请给我一些墨水。) If you have any questi ons, you can raise your han ds. 二、 不及物动词

不及物动词后面不能跟宾语 ,意思已完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副词或介词 ,构成短语

动词,相当于一个及物动词。例如: He works hard.(他工作努力。)

Jack runs faster than Mike.(杰克跑步比迈克要快些。)

Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.(请看黑板,听我说。) He got and

“ A " this time becauwehteover his lessons carefully.(这次他得了个 “ A ” 因为他

仔细地复习了功课。) [难点解释]

1、 许多动词可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词 ,他阅读中必须仔细体会和区别,例如: Who is going to speak at the meeting?(谁打算在会上发言?) speak,不及物动词 Few people outside China speak Chinese (在中国外很少人讲汉语。) speak 及物动词

2、 要特别注意有些动词英汉之间的差异。某些词在英语中是不及物的,而在汉语中却是及 物的。有时则相反。例如:

He is waiting for you.(他在等你。) 英语wait 为不及物动词,汉语

等”为及物动词。

Serve the people.(为人民服务。)

英语serve 为及物动词,汉语 服务”为不及物动词。

宾语

(如果你们有问题,你们可以举手。)

Exercise

区别下列多组句子中的动作,指出下列划线动词是连系动词还是行为动词,并写出词义: 1、She looks well. (Link verb )

She tried to look at the blackboard but waw nothing. (vi )

2、 The students felt unhappy. ( Link verb )

I felt some one touch my back. ( vt )

3、It was snowing hard when he got to the city. ( vi )

It ' s too late. Itgetting darker and darker. ( Link verb )

4、The teacher asked the student to turn it over. ( vt )

The leaves of the trees turn green when spring comes. ( Link verb )

5、The young trees grow fast. ( vi )

It began to grow dark. ( Link verb )

6、The bell sounded at 12 o ' clock for lunch, vi )

The music sounds nice. ( Link verb )

第三节延续性动词与非延续性动词

英语的行为动词有延续性动词和非延续性动词之分,使用中应注意两者的区别。

一、延续性动词

表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep 等。

二、非延续性动词

表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的有begi n, start, fini sh, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happe n, jo in, I ose, ren ew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off 等。

以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。

三、用法

1、以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时,表示动作到现在为止已结束,例如:

He has studied English for three years.(他学英语已有3 年了。)

He has joined the Party.(他已入党了。)

Mum isn ' t at home. She has gone to the library.妈妈不在家,她去图书馆了。)

2、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,而瞬间性动词则不能。例如:

His pare nts talked with the teacher for half an hour.(他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时。)

My mother has lain in bed for 3 days.(我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。)

My pare nts have lived in Sha nghai si nee 1950.(我父母亲从1950 年起就住在上海了。)

3、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,通常有两种方法:

(1)用意思相当的持续性动词来替换,例如:

He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.(他参军已有3 年了。)不能用has joined She has been up for quite some time.(她起床已有好久了。)不能用has got up

Has your brother been away from home for a long time?(你哥哥离家已有好久了吗?)不能用has left 常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下:

I 、 go ----- be away 3、come back ------ b e back 5、buy ---- have 7、die ----- be dead 9、finish ------ be over II 、 close ----- be closed 13、get to know ------ k now 15、get up ----- be up 16、sit down ------- s it/be seated

17、 join ---- be in (…)或 be a …member

18、 ---------- become b e

(2 )用it is …si nee 结构来替换瞬间动词,例如: 电影已经开映5分钟了。(两种方法) The film has bee n on for five minu tes. It ' f ive minutes since the film began. 他离开上海已有 3天了。(两种方法)

He has bee n away from Shan ghai for three days. It is three days since he left Shanghai.

这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。(一种方法) It ' s two weeks since I returned thwok to the library. 他找到他妹妹已有多久了?(一种方法) How long is it since be found his sister?

[补充说明] 1、 本书基本上已把初中课本中的持续动词与瞬间性动词罗列出来,可供教师参考使用。 2、 关于持续性动词与瞬间性动词的用法,可以结合现在完成时的教学一起进行。

Exercise

一、选择正确的答案:

1、 A lice has (come, been ) back for a week.

2、 H is grandmother has (been dead, died ) for ten years.

3、 W hen we got to the cinema, the film had (begun, been on ) for a few minutes.

4、 T he lights have (turned on, been on ) for over half a day.

5、 H ave you (bought, had ) the book on grammar for a week? Yes, since last Sun day. 第四节情态动词

在本章第(一)节里我们已学过的动词分为 行为动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词 四类。这

一节要着重学习情态动词的特点及其用法。 初中阶段要学习和掌握的情态动词主要有

can/could, may/might, must 这几个最为常用的词,

当然还需要了解学习 n eed, dare 等情态动词。 一、情态动词的主要特征

(表示情感态度)

试比较下列几组句子,看情态动词的特点:

1、 H e borrows some books from the library.(他常从图书馆借些书。)

He can borrow some books from the library.(他可以从图书馆借到一些书。)

can,可以

8、begin be on 10、open

be ope n 12、lose

be lost

14、turn on -

be on 2、come ----- be here

4、leave ----- be away (be not here ) 6、borrow ------ k eep

初中英语动词用法(全)

初中英语动词用法 A act v. 表演,演戏 act as sb./ sth. 充任某角色,担任某工作 I don’t understand English, so you have to act as my interpreter(翻译)。 其他用法:act for 代表某人,代理某人的职位 During her illness, her lawyer has been acting for her in her business. 在她生病期间,她的律师一直代理她的业务。 add v. (1)加,增加,添加 add sth. to sth. 往...里添加... eg. If the tea is too strong, add some water to it. eg. He added his signature to the petition(请愿书)。 add A and B (together) 加eg. If you add 5 and 5, you get 10. add to sth. 增加某事物eg. The bad weather only add to our difficulties. 这种坏天气更增加了我们的困难。 (2) 补充;继续说eg. “I’ll come here later.’’ he added. add in 包括...在内eg. Don’t forget add me in. 别忘了把我算上。 add up 合计,加起来 add up to 总计达到 add fuel to the fire 火上浇油 afford v. 负担得起(...的费用,损失,后果),买得起;抽得出时间 (常与can, could, be able to 连用) afford sth. eg. I’d love to go on holiday but I can’t afford the time. eg. They walked because the can’t afford a taxi. afford to do sth. eg. They walked because they can’t afford to take a taxi. eg. I have to work hard because I can’t afford to loose my job. agree v. 同意,赞同 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见eg. I agree with you. agree on + 表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动的词eg. We agreed on the plan. agree to do sth. 同意做某事eg. We agreed to start early. agree that + 宾语从句eg. She agreed that I was right. 其他用法:agree with sb. (尤用于否定或疑问句) (对某人的健康或胃口)适合 I like mushrooms but unfortunately they don’t agree with me. 我喜欢吃蘑菇,可惜吃了以后难受。 The humid climate in the south didn’t agree with him. 他不适应南方潮湿的气候。 aim v. 瞄准,对准aim at 瞄准,针对 aim at the target 瞄准目标/ 靶子;aim at a success 志在成功 eg. My remarks were not aim at you. 我的话不是针对你。 allow v. 允许,准许 allow doing sth. eg. We don’t allow smoking in our house. 在我们家不允许抽烟。 allow sb. to do sth. eg. They allow her to go to the party. 他们允许她去参加晚会。 allow sb. in/ out/ up 允许某人进来/ 出去/ 起来 annoy v. 使恼怒,使生气 annoy sb. 使某人生气,使某人心烦eg. I was annoyed by his remarks. 他的言论激怒了我。

英语动词用法总结(完整)

英语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择动词 1.The doctor said jokingly that his own infection of the virus _____ the discovery of a vaccine (疫苗)of the disease. A.stood for B.called for C.paid for D.contributed to 【答案】D 【解析】 短语辨析。A.代表 B. 呼吁 C. 为……付出代价 D.导致。句意:医生开玩笑的说,他自己被病毒的感染导致发现了这种病毒的疫苗。故选D。 2.100.----I have been watching “I am a singer” and Gloria Tang (邓紫棋) is my favorite star. ----- Me, too. Her new album is said to be ______ next month. By then, we , fans, will buy some. A.relieved B.delivered C.produced D.released 【答案】D 【解析】D考查动词。句意:--我一直在看“我是一个歌手”而且邓紫棋是我最喜欢的明星。--我也是。她的新专辑将于下月发行。到那时,我们的粉丝们会买一些。A减轻,解除;B 递送;C产生,制造;D发行,发布。故选D。 3.Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to ________ our school’s campaign “Help the Needy”, which was started by our former headmaster three years ago. A.sponsor B.launch C.organize D.plan 【答案】A 【解析】 考查动词辨析。难度中等。 【解题思路】该句意为:两位律师捐赠了5,0000美元赞助我校“帮助贫困生”活动…… A项意为“赞助”,符合句意;B项意为“发射,开办”,C项意为“组织”,D项意为“计划”,都与句意不同。故A项正确。 4.It is beyond awkward when everyone around you ______________ laughing at a joke that you do not find funny, especially if it’s a joke told in a foreign language. A.run into B.bursts out C.yells out D.falls into 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:考查动词短语的词义辨析。A.run into快速进入,碰撞;B. bursts out 爆发;C. yells out 大声说出来;D. falls into落入,分成。句意:当你身边的人因一个你不觉得有趣的笑话尤其是用外语来说的笑话而突然爆笑时,你是非常尴尬的。故选B。 考点:考查动词短语的词义辨析

初中英语动名词的用法

初中英语动名词的用法 动名词,即“动词原形+ing ”变成名词使用,具有双重性,既有动词的某些特征,有动词的各种变化形式;又有名词的某些性质,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。同时也能被副词修饰或者支配宾语。 一、动名词的名词的性质 1. 作主语 动名词作为主语有以下几种表现形式: 1) 直接作为主语。 例如: Taking exercise everyday is a good habit. Finding work is difficult these days. Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. [句中Walking (散步)作为句子主语,直接出现。句意:散步对年轻人和老年人是一项很好的运动。] 2) 用it 作形式主语,真正的主语作为后置主语。 例如: It isn't easy trying to climb the mountain. [ 句中It 作为形式主语,动名词短语trying to do sth. 才是真正的主语。] 能用于上述结构的形容词有:better,wonderful ,enjoyable,interesting,foolish ,

difficult ,useless,senseless,worthwhile 等。但是important, essential, necessary等形容词不能用于上述结构。 用it 代替动名词作形式主语的除了上述句型外,还有一种句型为: It is no use/ useless/ useful/ no good/ great fun/ a waste of time/ nice/ good+ v-ing 例如: It's no use trying to argue with him. 3) “ There be” 的结构 这种句型一般是否定形式,There是引导词,作为形式 主语,动名词做真正主语。意思是“不可能……”。 例如: There is no joking about such matters. 4) 告示或简略的警告用语中,动名词在祈使句中作主语一般是否定的、省略的形式。 例如: No climbing. (No climbing is allowed. ) 5) 组成复合结构动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,可在其前面加上所有 格, 使之变成复合结构,可作为句中主语。 例如:

动名词的用法英语语法大全

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