CATTI三级笔译实务全部试题真题及答案汇总

CATTI三级笔译实务全部试题真题及答案汇总

2017年5月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷

Section 1: English-ChineseTranslation (50 points)

Translate the following passage into Chinese.

Improved human well-being is the greatest triumph of modern era. The age of plenty has also led to an unexpected global health crisis: two billion people are either overweight or obese. Developed countries have been especially susceptible to unhealthy weight gain. However, developing countries are now facing a similar crisis. Obesity rates have peaked in high income countries but are accelerating elsewhere. The combined findings of the World Health Organisation and the World Bank showed that in 2016 Asia was home to half the world’s overw eight children. One quarter were in Africa.

This crisis will test the political resolve of governments that have focused on ending hunger. These governments must understand that the factors making cities convenient and productive also make their residents prone to obesity. Urbanites enjoy a variety of culinary options. International fast food chains are flourishing in developing countries. The health risks of such diets are compounded by the sedentary lifestyles of urban dwellers. People’s leisure time is a lso being occupied by television, movies and video games in the growing number of households.

The alarming implication of these trends is that developing countries may become sick before they get rich. That sickness may, in turn, cripple health systems. The yearly health care costs in Southeast Asia of obesity-related complications like diabetes

and cardiovascular disease are already as high as US $10 billion. Such diseases are an added burden on countries already struggling to manage primary health care needs.

Policies related to taxation, urban design, education and the promotion of food systems may help control obesity at a lower cost than eventual medical treatment for an increasingly overweight population. Some governments have already experimented with direct interventions to control obesity, such as taxation on unhealthy foods and drinks. Thailand, Brunei, and Singapore have adopted soda tax . South Africa is likely to introduce a sugar tax beginning in April 2018. The city of Berkeley in California recognises that taxes alone are not enough to address obesity. Proceeds from the city’s sugar tax are used to support child nutrition and community health programmes. This underscores the importance of education.

There is also promise in many initiatives. Urban design holds significant power to reshape lifestyle patterns and public health. Improving the attractiveness of public space can draw residents out of their cars and living rooms. A recent study of urban neighbourhoods in Shanghai and Hangzhou found that residents living in walkable neighbourhoods are healthier than residents living in less walkable neighourhoods in urban China. Finally, healthier lifestyles begin in grocery store aisles.

Governments should encourage tighter connections between agricultural production systems, urban grocers and food vendors. Such initiatives can also help urban residents better understand the mechanics of food sourcing. This raises awareness about the relationship between natural foods and healthy lifestyles. Combining controls on unhealthy foods with policies that incentivise healthy eating and active lifestyles is

important for developing countries from both an economic and social point of view. To quote the recent Global Nutrition Report, “Reducing obesity will boost global development.”

Section 2: Chinese-EnglishTranslation (50 points)

Translate the following passage into English.

煤炭是地球上储量最丰富的能源，但目前反对使用煤炭的声浪日益高涨。煤炭巨大的碳排放量引起气候变化，从而引起公众的担忧，煤炭与其他能源相比竞争力下降。

以美国为例，页岩油气的出现造成部分煤炭因价格过高而被排挤出市场。美国去年煤炭需求接近9.2亿吨，由于天然气价格下跌，今年煤炭需求将减少6000万吨到8000万吨。

数据显示，煤炭满足了全球约30%的能源需求，供应了40%的电力。在人口第一和第二大国的中国和印度，煤炭所满足的能源需求比例高达70%左右。

中国的煤炭消费量在去年已经下降，煤炭进口下滑了11%，这是10年来的首次下降。中国的经济增速已经放缓，同时也做出极大努力减少煤炭的使用以减少污染。由于燃煤发电厂没有满负荷运行，再加上煤炭供应充足，造成国际煤炭价格被压低。煤出口价格从去年的峰值下跌了约60%。

2016年11月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)

Translate the following passage into Chinese.

Harper Lee was an ordinary woman as stunned as anybody by the extraordinary success of “To Kill a Mockingbird.”

“It was like being hit over the head and knocked cold,”Lee —who died Friday at age 89，said during a 1964 interview. “I didn’t expect the book to sell in the first place. I was hoping for a quick and merciful death at the hands of reviewers but at the same time I sort of hoped that maybe someone would like it

enough to give me encouragement.”

“To Kill a Mockingbird”may not be the Great American Novel. But it’s likely the most universally known work of fiction by an American author over the past 70 years, Lee was cited for her subtle, graceful style and gift for explaining the world through a child’s eye, but the secret to the novel’s ongoing appeal was also in how many books this single book contained.

“To Kill a Mockingbird”was a coming-of-age story, a courtroom thriller, a Southern novel, a period piece, a drama about class, and —of course —a drama of race.”All I want to be is the Jane Austen of South Alabama,”she once observed.The story of Lee is essentially the story of her book, and how she responded to it. She was a warm, vibrant and witty woman who pl ayed golf, fished, ate at McDonald’s, fed ducks by tossing seed corn out of a Cool Whip tub, read voraciously, and got about to plays and concerts. She just didn’t want to talk about it before an audience.

“To Kill a Mockingbird”was an instant and ongoing hit, published in 1960, as the civil rights movement was accelerating. It’s the story of a girl nicknamed Scout growing up in a Depression-era Southern town. A black man has been wrongly accused of raping a white woman, and Scout’s father, the resolute lawyer, defends him despite threats and the scorn of many.Praised by The New Yorker as “skilled, unpretentious, and totally ingenious,”the book won the Pulitzer Prize and was made into a memorable movie in 1962.

“Mockingbird”inspired a generation of young law yers and social workers, was assigned in high schools all over the country and was a popular choice for citywide, or nationwide, reading programs, although it was also occasionally removed from

shelves for its racial content and references to rape.By 2015, sales topped 40 million copies.

When the Library of Congress did a survey in 1991 on books that have affected people’s lives, “To Kill a Mockingbird”was second only to the Bible.Lee herself became more elusive to the public as her book became more famous. At first, she dutifully promoted her work. She spoke frequently to the press, wrote about herself and gave speeches, once to a class of cadets at West Point.But she began declining interviews in the mid-1960s and, until late in her life, firmly avoided making any public comment about her novel or her career.

Her novel, while hugely popular, was not ranked by many scholars in the same category as the work of other Southern authors Decades after its publication, little was written about it in scholarly journals. Some critics have called the book naive and sentimental, whether dismissing the Ku Klux Klan as a minor nuisance or advocating change through personal persuasion rather than collective action.

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)

Translate the following passage into English.

本公司是中国保利集团控股的大型国有房地产上市公司，国家一级房地产开发资质企业，连续五年荣膺中国房地产行业领导公司品牌。2006年7月，公司股票在上海证券交易所上市，截止至2014年底，公司总资产突破3600亿元，实现签约金额1366.76亿元。

本公司成立于1992年，经过十年扎实发展，2002年成功完成股份制改造，遂开始实施全国化战略，加强专业化运作，连续实现跨越式发展。目前，公司已完成以广州、北京、上海为中心，覆盖57个城市的全国化战略布局，拥有292家控股子公司，业务拓展到房地产开发、建筑设计、工程施工、物业管理、销售代理以及商业会展、酒店经营等相关行业。

本公司坚持以以四大产品为主，适度发展持有经营性物业。在住宅开发方面，逐渐形成了四大产品系列，多元化优质住宅物业的先进创新格局，覆盖中高端住宅、公寓、别墅多种物业形态。商业物业囊括商业写字楼、高端休闲地产、星级酒店、商贸会展、购物中心、城市综合体等，具备多品类物业综合开发的实力。

2016年5月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)

Translate the following passage into Chinese.

Old people in Thiengoly say they can remember when there were so many trees that you couldn’t see the sky. Now, miles of reddish-brown sand surround this village in northwestern Senegal, dotted with occasional bushes and trees. Dried animal dung is scattered everywhere, but hardly any dried grass is.

Overgrazing and climate change are the major causes of the Sahara’s advance, said Gilles Boetsch, an anthropologist who directs a team of French scientists working with Senegalese researchers in the region.“The local Peul people are herders, often nomadic. But the pressure of the herds on the land has become too great,”Mr. Boetsch said in an interview. “The vegetation can’t regenerate itself.”

Since 2008, however, Senegal has been fighting back against the encroaching desert. Each year it has planted some two million seedling trees along a 545-kilometer, or 340-mile, ribbon of land that is the country’s segment of a major pan-African regeneration project, the Great Green Wall.First proposed in 2005, the program links Senegal and 10 other Saharan states in an alliance to plant a 15 kilometer-wide, 7,100-kilometer-long green belt to fend off the desert. While many countries have still to start on their sections of the barrier, Senegal has taken the lead, with

the creation of a National Agency for the Great Green Wall.

“This semi-arid region is becoming less and less habitable. We want to make it possible for people to continue to live here,”Col. Pap Sarr, the agency’s technical director, said in an interview here. Colonel Sarr has forged working alliances between Senegalese researchers and the French team headed by Mr. Boetsch, in fields as varied as soil microbiology, ecology, medicine and anthropology. “In Senegal we hope to experiment with different ways of doing things that will benefit the other countries as they become more active,”the colonel said. Each year since 2008, from May to June, about 400 people are employed in eight nurseries, choosing and overseeing germination of seeds and tending the seedlings until they are ready for planting. In August, 1,000 people are mobilized to plant out rows of seedlings, about 2 million plants, allowing them a full two months of the rainy season to take root before the long, dry season sets in.

After their first dry season, the saplings look dead, brown twigs sticking out of holes in the ground, but 80 percent survive. Six years on, trees planted in 2008 are up to three meters, or 10 feet, tall. So far, 30,000 hectares, or about 75,000 acres, have been planted, including 4,000 hectares this summer.

There are already discernible impacts on the microclimate, said Jean-Luc Peiry, a physical geography professor at the UniversitéBlaise Pascal in Cler mont-Ferrand, France, who has placed 30 sensors to record temperatures in some planted parcels.“Preliminary results show that clumps of

four to eight small trees can have an important impact on temperature,”Professor Peiry said in an interview. “The transpiration of the trees creates a microclimate that moderates

daily temperature extremes.”“The trees also have an important role in slowing the soil erosion caused by the wind, reducing the dust, and acting like a large rough doormat, halting the sand-laden w inds from the Sahara,”he added. Wildlife is responding to the changes. “Migratory birds are reappearing,”Mr. Boetsch said.

The project uses eight groundwater pumping stations built in 1954, before Senegal achieved its independence from France in 1960. The pumps fill giant basins that provide water for animals, tree nurseries and gardens where fruit and vegetables are grown.

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)

Translate the following passage into English.

健康是促进人的全面发展的必然要求。提高人民健康水平，实现病有所医的理想，是人类社会的共同追求。在中国这个有着13亿多人口的发展中大国，医疗卫生关系亿万人民健康，是一个重大民生问题。

中国高度重视保护和增进人民健康。宪法规定，国家发展医疗卫生事业，发展现代医药和传统医药，保护人民健康。

多年来，中国坚持“以农村为重点，预防为主，中西医并重，依靠科技与教育，动员全社会参与，为人民健康服务，为社会主义现代化建设服务”的卫生工作方针，努力发展具有中国特色的医疗卫生事业。经过不懈努力，覆盖城乡的医疗卫生服务体系基本形成，疾病防治能力不断增强，医疗保障覆盖人口逐步扩大，卫生科技水平日益提高，居民健康水平明显改善。

随着中国工业化、城市化进程和人口老龄化趋势的加快，居民健康面临着传染病和慢性病的双重威胁，公众对医疗卫生服务的需求日益提高。与此同时，中国卫生资源特别是优质资源短缺、分布不均衡的矛盾依然存在，医疗卫生事业改革与发展的任务十分艰巨。

答案

司恩高利村的老人们常说，他们记得曾经该村周边树木多得遮天

蔽日。如今，司恩高利这个塞内加尔西北小村已被绵延数英里的红棕色沙子包围，沙子上零星散布着灌木丛和树丛。干结的动物粪便到处都是，但干枯的草却很难到处可见。过度放牧和气候变化是导致撒哈拉沙漠扩张的主要原因，人类学家吉勒思·波特舍这样说道，他带领的一队法国科学家正和塞内加尔研究员一道在此开展研究工作。“当地的颇耳族人以放牧为生，且常常是流动放牧。但是畜群对草地带来的压力太大以致于植被无法复生，”波特舍先生在一次采访中说道。不过，塞内加尔自2008 年起就一直抗击不断扩张的沙漠的侵袭。每年，该国将约200 万株树苗沿545 千米（约340 英里）长的狭长地带栽种，这块狭长地带是“绿色长城”这一泛非洲植被再生工程在塞内加尔境内的部分。“绿色长城”这一工程在2005 年被提出，它将塞内加尔和其他10 个地处撒哈拉的国家联接成同盟来通过植树创建一个15 千米宽、7100 千米长的绿化带，以此阻挡沙漠的扩张。随着主管其境内的“绿色长城”工程的一个国家级机构

的成立，塞内加尔在植树治沙方面已经走在了前列，而许多国家甚至都还没有着手建设它们境内的绿化带屏障。“这个半干燥地区正变得越来越不适宜居住。我们想让人们还能够继续在此居住，”帕萨上校在一次采访中说道，他是这个新成立的机构的技术主任。萨上校已促成塞内加尔研究人员和波特舍领导的法国科学家团队在土壤微生物学、生态学、药学和人类学方面组成研究联盟。萨上校说：“随着其他国家变得更积极起来，我们希望塞内加尔尝试的不同治沙方式能让这些国家受益”。自2008 年起，每年4 月到6 月，约400 名工人会受雇于8 个苗圃室，他们要挑选种子、照看种子的发芽，然后修剪幼苗直到这些幼苗能用于载种。到了8 月，1000 多人将被调动来栽种一排排树苗，约200 万株，这就使得这些树苗在漫长而干燥的旱季到来前能有足足两个月的雨季来扎根。在经历了第一个旱季之后，这些小树苗看上去都枯死了，只剩棕色的枝条从地上的洞中凸出来，但80% 的树苗都会存活。6 年之后，这些2008 年栽下的树苗已经长到了3 米之高（约10 英寸）。迄今已有30000 公顷，约75000 英亩的地带已经栽上了树木，其中4000 亩是今年夏天栽种的。“植树对微气候的影

响已经显现，”法国克莱蒙费朗市布莱斯?帕斯卡大学物理地理学教授让·吕克·派瑞说道，他在一些已经栽种了树木的地带放置了30 个传感器来记录温度变化。“初步的结果显示4 至8 棵树组成的树丛能对温度产生重要影响，”派瑞教授在一次采访中说道。“树木体表的水分蒸发能创造一个微气候，这个微气候能降低每日温度的上限。”“同时，这些树木在减轻大风造成的土壤流失、减少沙尘以及起到粗糙的地垫作用方面功不可没，从而阻断从撒哈拉刮来的满是沙子的大风”他补充说道。野生动物因这些变化而改变了行为。波特舍先生说：“迁徙的鸟类重现此地。”该工程所用的8 个地下水泵站建于1954 年，即在塞内加尔1960 年脱离法国统治取得独立之前。这些水泵抽取地下水灌满巨型蓄水盆，而这些蓄水盆为动物、苗圃室和种植有果树的花园供水。

大师兄翻硕译文一：

Good health is a prerequisite for promoting all-round development of the person.And it is a common pursuit of human societies toimprove people's healthand ensuretheirright to medical care.For China, alarge developing country, medical and healthcare is of vital importance to its population of over 1.3 billion, and is a major issue concerningits people'swellbeing. China pays great attention to protecting and improving its people's health. As the Constitution stipulates, "The state develops medical and health services, promotes modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine..., allfortheprotectionof thepeople's health." Over the years, China has worked hard to develop its medical and health services with Chinese characteristics in accordance with the policy of "making rural areas the focus of our work, putting disease prevention first, supporting both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, relying on science, technology and education, and mobilizing the whole of society to join the efforts, improving the

people's health and serving socialist modernization." Thanks to unremitting efforts that have been made, medical and healthcare systems covering both urban and rural residents have taken shape, the capabilities of disease prevention and control have been enhanced, the coverage of medical insurance has expanded, continuous progress has been made inmedical science andtechnology,andthepeople's healthhas beenremarkablyimproved. With the quickened pace of the country's industrialization and urbanization, as well as its increasingly aging population, the Chinese people are facing the dual

health threats of infectious and chronic diseases, and the public needs better medical and health services. In the meantime, problems still exist regarding China's health resources, especially the shortage of high-quality resources and the unbalanced distribution of those resources. China has arduous tasksaheadforreforminganddevelopingitsmedical andhealthservices.

大师兄翻硕版译文二：

Good health is a prerequisite for the all-round development of a man.To improve people’s health and ensure their access to health care is a goal being pursued by all societies. Health care, which has a direct bearing on people’shealth, isarealpublicconcerninChina,alargedeveloping countrywith apopulation of1.3billion. China attaches great importance/pays much attention to protecting and improving people’s health. For example, it has been enshrined in/written into the constitution that for the sake of people’s health, the state has an obligation todevelop thehealthcaresystemandpromotemodernmedicineandtraditional

Chinese medicine. Over the years, China has been working hard to build a health care system with Chinese characteristics, sticking to the principles of “health service in rural areas being the centerpiece/key part of its effort; disease prevention being putting first; traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine being equally emphasized; science, technology and education being the ways by which the system is created; all members of the society being encouraged to contribute to the system; the system being for the health of the public and China’s socialist modernization ”. After years of relentless efforts, China has basically built a health care system covering both ruraland urbanresidents andhas constantly improved its ability toprevent andcurediseases aswell asits medical technologies, with medical insurance covering an ever-increasing number of people and people’s health being markedlyimproved. Withthe paceof China'sindustrialization andurbanization acceleratingand thepopulationbeing increasingly aging, the Chinese people are confronted with the dual threat posed by infectious diseases and chronic diseases, for which there’s a great demand for health care service among the public. In the meantime, the problems of the lack of medical resources, high-quality ones in particular and the distribution of medical resources being uneven still persist,which meansthatChinahas adauntingtaskof reforming andimprovingitshealthcaresystem.

2015 年11 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)

Translate the following passage into Chinese.

The Republic of Ireland is a sovereign state in Western Europe, occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The

capital and largest city is Dublin, whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country’s 4.6 million inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic with an elected president serving as head of state. The head of government is nominated by the lower house of parliament.

Following the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty, Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1922. Initially a dominion, Ireland received official British recognition of full legislative independence in the Statute of Westminster of 1931. A new constitution was adopted in 1937, by which the name of the state became “Ireland.”In 1949, Ireland was declared a republic under the Republic of Ireland act 1948.

Ireland ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita. In 1973, Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth, coupled with a dramatic rise in inequality. The country achieved considerable prosperity from 1995 to 2007. This was halted by an unprecedented financial crisis that began in 2008, in conjunction with the concurrent global economic crash.

In 2011 and 2013 Ireland was ranked as the seventh-most developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index. It also performs well in several metrics of national performance, including freedom of the press, economic freedom and civil liberties. It pursues a policy of neutrality through non-alignment.

The population of Ireland stood at 4,588,252 in 2011, an increase of 8.2 percent since 2006. As of 2011, Ireland had the highest birth rate in the European Union (16 births per 1,000 of

population). In 2012, 35.1 percent of births were to unmarried women. Annual population growth rates exceeded 2 percent during the 2002-2006 period, which was attributed to high rates of natural increase and immigration. This rate declined somewhat during the subsequent 2006-2011 period, with an average growth rate of 1.6 percent.

Ireland ranks fifth in the world in terms of gender equality. In 2011, Ireland was ranked the most charitable country in Europe, and second most charitable in the world. Contraception was controlled in Ireland until 1979, however, the receding influence of the Catholic Church has led to an increasingly secularized society . In 1983, the Eighth Amendment recognized “the right to life of the unborn”, subject to qualifications concerning the “equal right to life”of the mother. The passage of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments guarantees the right to have an abortion performed abroad, and the right to learn about “services”that are illegal in Ireland, but legal abroad. The prohibition on divorce in the 1937 Constitution was repealed in 1995 under the Fifteenth

Amendment. Divorce rates in Ireland are very low compared to European Union averages while the marriage rate in Ireland is slightly above the European Union average.

Capital punishment is constitutionally banned in Ireland, while discrimination based on age, gender, sexual orientation, marital or familial status, religion and race is illegal.

Ireland became the first country in the world to introduce an environmental levy for plastic shopping bags in 2002 and a public smoking ban in 2004. Recycling in Ireland is carried out extensively and Ireland has the second highest rate of packaging recycling in the European Union.

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)

Translate the following passage into English.

不冲突不对抗，是构建中美新型大国关系的必要前提。有研究显示，历史上大约有过15 次新兴大

国的崛起，其中有11 次与既有大国之间发生了对抗和战争。但现在的世界已今非昔比，中美之间乃至全球各国之间已是日趋紧密的利益共同体，对抗将是双输，战争没有出路。不冲突、不对抗的宣示，就是要顺应全球化潮流，改变对中美关系的负面预期，解决两国之间的战略互不信，构建对中美关系前景的正面信心。

相互尊重，是构建中美新型大国关系的基本原则。世界是多样的，中美作为两个社会制度不同、历史文化背景各异，同时又利益相互交织的大国，相互尊重就显得尤为重要。我们只有相互尊重对方人民选择的制度与道路，相互尊重彼此的核心利益与关切，才能求同存异，进而聚同化异，实现两国的和谐相处。

合作共赢，是中美构建新型大国关系的必由之路。中美双方在双边关系各领域都有着广泛合作需求和巨大合作潜力。此外，作为两个大国，环顾当今世界，从反恐到网络安全，从核不扩散到气候变化，从中东和平到非洲发展，也都离不开中美两国的共同参与、合作和贡献。

答案

爱尔兰共和国是西欧的一个主权国家，其国土面积为爱尔兰岛的六分之五。爱尔兰的首都和最大城市是都柏林，该国460 万人口中约三分之一居住在这座大都市。唯一与爱尔兰在陆地上接壤的是英国的北爱尔兰。爱尔兰是中央集权的议会制共和国，总统为国家元首，由选举产生。爱尔兰总理由议会下议院选出。在爱尔兰独立战争和随后签署的《英爱条约》之后，爱尔兰于1922 年脱离联合王国获得独立。独立之初的爱尔兰只是一块（仍受英国控制的）自治领，在1931 英国议会通过《威斯敏斯特条例》后，爱尔兰才获得英国对其立法独立的正式承认。1937 年爱尔兰实施了一部新宪法，这部宪法规定该国的名称为“爱尔兰”。在1949 年，《爱尔兰共和国法案1948》获得通过，

爱尔兰宣

布成为一个共和国。以人均GDP 计算，爱尔兰位居世界最富裕国家行列。1973 年，爱尔兰通过了一系列自由经济政策，这促进了经济的快速增长，同时社会不平等问题加剧。1995 年到2007 年，该国经济欣欣向荣。但其经济良好态势被2008 年爆发的史无前例的金融危机所中断，与此同时全球经济也遭受重挫。在2011 年和2013 年的《联合国人类发展指数报告》中，爱尔兰位列最发达国家第七位。并且该国在国家发展的其他几个指标方面表现突出，包括媒体自由、经济自由和公民自由方面。该国奉行不结盟的中立外交政策。2011 年，爱尔兰人口为4588252 人，自2006 年来增加了8.2%。截止2011 年，爱尔兰的出生率为欧盟最高（每千人每年出生16 名婴儿）。2012 年，爱尔兰35.1%的新生儿为未婚女性所生。在2002 年到2006 年这个阶段，爱尔兰每年人口增长率超过2%，这归功于较高速度的自然人口增长和移民。这个增长率在随后的2006 年到2011 年这个阶段稍微下降，此阶段的人口年增长率为1.6%。在性别平等方面，爱尔兰排名世界第五。在2011 年，爱尔兰被评为欧洲最慈善国家第一名，世界最慈善国家第二名。在1979 年以前，避孕措施在爱尔兰是受到管制的，但罗马天主教影响力的消退导致了爱尔兰社会越来越世俗化。1983 年，第八修正案承认了“未出生的婴儿的生命权”，其所具有的生命权资格与其妈妈的生命权资格是平等的。第十三和第十四修正案的通过确保了女性有在国外堕胎的权利以及学习“堕胎服务”的权利，这种服务在爱尔兰是违法的，但在国外是合法的。1937 年宪法禁止离婚的规定在1995 年通过的第十五修正案中被废止了。与欧盟平均水平相比，爱尔兰的离婚率十分的低，而爱尔兰的结婚率则稍稍高于欧盟平均水平。爱尔兰宪法禁止死刑，同时规定基于年龄、性别、性取向、婚姻或家庭状况、宗教和种族方面的歧视是违法的。爱尔兰在2002 年开始对塑料购物袋开征环境税，2004 年开始在公共场所禁烟，而这些举措在世界上均属首创。资源循环利用在爱尔兰开展的很广泛，爱尔兰的包装循环利用率在欧盟位居第二。

“No conflict or confrontation”is the prerequisite for the

new model of major-country relations between us. According to some study of history, there have been about 15 cases of rise of emerging powers. In 11 cases, confrontation and war broke out between the emerging and the established powers. However, we now live in a different world. China and the United States and in fact all countries in the world are part of a community of shared interests. Countries are increasingly interconnected. Neither of us will benefit from confrontation. Warwill get us nowhere. “No conflict or confrontation”means that we need to follow the trend of globalization, reverse negative projections of China-US relations, address strategic distrust and build confidence in the future of China-USrelations. “Mutual respect”is a basic principle for this new model. We live in a world of rich diversity. For China and the United States, two major countries different in social system, history and culture yet connected by intertwined interests, mutual respect is all the more important. Only by respecting each other’s system and path chosen by their people, as well as each other’s core interests and concerns can we seek common ground while reserving differences and, on that basis, expand common ground and dissolve differences so that China and the United States will beabletolivetogetherinharmony. “Win-win cooperation”is the only way to turn the vision into a reality. There is an enormous need and vast potential for bilateral cooperation in allfields. Besides, the world certainly needs Chinaand theUnited States, two major countries with great influence, to

work together and contribute on issues ranging from counter terrorism to cyber security, from nuclear non-proliferation to climate change, and from peace in the Middle East to Africa’s development. Win-win progress is only possible

when both countries are committed to growing cooperation. Moreover, such win-win outcome should not just be beneficial to China and the United States, it should also be beneficial toallcountriesintheworld.

2015 年5 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)

Translate the following passage into Chinese.

For generations, coal has been the lifeblood of this mineral-rich stretch of eastern Utah. Mining families proudly recall all the years they toiled underground. Supply companies line the town streets. Above the road that winds toward the mines, a soot-smudged miner peers o ut from a billboard with the slogan “Coal = Jobs.”

But recently, fear has settled in. The state’s oldest coal-fired power plant, tucked among the canyons near town, is set to close, a result of new, stricter federal pollution regulations.

As energy companies tack away from coal, toward cleaner, cheaper natural gas, people here have grown increasingly afraid that their community may soon slip away. Dozens of workers at the facility here, the Carbon Power Plant, have learned that they must retire early or seek other jobs. Local trucking and equipment outfits are preparing to take business elsewhere.

“There are a lot of people worried,”said Kyle Davis, who has been employed at the plant since he was 18. Mr. Davis, 56, worked his way up from sweeping floors to managing operations at the plant, whose furnaces have been burning since 1954. “I would have liked to be here for another five years,”he said. “I’m too young to retire.”

But Rocky Mountain Power, the utility that operates the plant,

has determined that it would be too expensive to retrofit the aging plant to meet new federal standards on mercury emissions. The plant is scheduled to be shut by April 2015. “We had been working for the better part of three years, testing compliance strategies,”said David Eskels en, a spokesman for the utility. “None of the ones we investigated really would produce the results that would meet the requirements.”

For the last several years, coal plants have been shutting down across the country, driven by tougher environmental regulations, flattening electricity demand and a move by utilities toward natural gas. This month, the board of directors of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the country’s largest public power utility, voted to shut eight coal-powered plants in Alabama and Kentucky and partly replace them with gas-fired power. Since 2010, more than 150 coal plants have been closed or scheduled for retirement.

The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that the stricter emissions regulations for the plants will result in billions of dollars in related health savings, and will have a sweeping impact on air quality. In recent weeks, the agency held 11 “listening sessions”around the country in advance of proposing additional rules for carbon dioxide emissions.

“Coal plants are the single largest source of dangerous carbon pollution in the United States, and we have ready alternatives like wind and solar to replace them,”said Bruce Nilles, director of the Sierra Club’s Beyond Coal campaign, which wants to shut all of the nation’s coa l plants.

For many here, coal jobs are all they know. The industry united the area during hard times, too,

especially during the dark days after nine men died in a 2007

mining accident some 35 miles down the highway. Virtually everyone around Price knew the men, six of whom remain entombed in the mountainside. But there is quiet acknowledgment that Carbon County will have to change —if not now, soon.

Pete Palacios, who worked in the mines for 43 years, has seen coal roar and fade here. Now 86, his eyes grew cloudy as he recalled his first mining job. He was 12, and earned $1 a day. “I’m retired, so I’ll be fine. But these young guys?”Pete Palacios said, his voice trailing off.

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)

Translate the following passage into English.

天柱县位于贵州省东部，是川渝黔通两广、江浙的重要门户，素有“黔东第一关”、“中国重晶石之乡”、“贵州高原黄金城”之称。

天柱县总面积2201 平方公里，辖16 个乡镇，326 个行政村，总人口41 万余人，以侗、苗族为主的少数民族人口占98.3%。是贵州省少数民族比例最多的县份之一。

天柱蕴藏着丰富的自然资源。气候温和，土壤肥沃，是贵州重要粮食生产基地，享有“黔东粮仓”的美誉。当地年产烟叶2.6 万担（一担=50 公斤），是中国烟叶主产区。这里林业资源丰富，森林面积达185 万亩（一亩=1/15 公顷），覆盖率达56%，是贵州十大林业基地县之一。重晶石、黄金、煤等矿产资源也十分丰富。

天柱乘西部大开发的东风，迅速崛起。全县国民经济稳步发展，综合实力日益增长，人民生活水平在不断提高，产业结构调整日趋优化，基础设施建设得以加强，城镇面貌日新月异。“生态环境优美，文化教育优越，综合服务优化，人居条件优良，经济充满活力”的新天柱呈现在世人面前。

卡本县位于犹他州东部矿产丰富的地区，煤炭世代都是其生命线。每每回忆起在地下挖煤的艰苦岁月时，矿工家庭都觉得无比自豪。小镇街上的煤炭供应公司一家挨着一家。在蜿蜒通向矿区的道路上有一

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CATTI三级笔译实务(附答案)

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英语三级笔译实务试卷(样题)及参考答案

全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级笔译实务试卷样题及答案英译汉样题选自2006年5月三级笔译实物 英语三级笔译实务试卷(样题) Section 1：English-Chinese Translation (50 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle. In Bykovsky, a village of 457 residents at the tip of a fin-shaped peninsula on Russia's northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil，at a rate of 15 to 18 feet, or 5 to 6 meters, a year. Eventually, homes will be lost as more ice melts each summer, and maybe all of Bykovsky, too. “It is practically all ice — permafrost —and it is thawing. ” The 4 million Russian people who live north of the Arctic Circle are feeling the effects of warming in many ways. A changing climate presents new opportunities, but it also threatens their environment, the stability of their homes, and，for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture. A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. Discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil or liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed for the eager markets of Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by air and water pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry. Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit coastal villages at a projected cost of US $ 100 million or more for each one. Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with cultural traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding. In Finnmark, the northernmost province of Norway, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them. A changing Arctic is felt there, too, though in another way. "The reindeer are becoming unhappy," said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder. Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and as a result Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance. And yet no amount of government support can convince Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring are melting the top layers of snow，which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat. "The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns，”said Eira, sitting beside a birch fire inside his lavvu, a home made of reindeer hides. "They don't mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources

2016.5 catti英语笔译三级实务真题及答案

2016.5英语三级笔译实务真题及答案 【Section 1】English-Chinese Translation (50 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. Old people in Widou Thiengoly say they can remember when there were so many trees that you couldn’t see the sky. Now, miles of reddish-brown sand surround this village in northwestern Senegal, dotted with occasional bushes and trees. Dried animal dung is scattered everywhere, but hardly any dried grass is. Overgrazing and climate change are the major causes of the Sahara’s advance, said Gilles Boetsch, an anthropologist who directs a team of French scientists working with Senegalese researchers in the region. “The local Peul people are herders, often nomadic. But the pressure of the herds on the land has become too great,”Mr. Boetsch said in an interview. “The vegetation can’t regenerate itself.” Since 2008, however, Senegal has been fighting back against the encroaching desert. Each year it has planted some two million seedling trees along a 545-kilometer, or 340-mile, ribbon of land that is the country’s segment of a major pan-African regeneration project, the Great Green Wall. First proposed in 2005, the program links Senegal and 10 other Saharan states in an alliance to plant a 15 kilometer-wide, 7,100-kilometer-long green belt to fend off the desert. While many countries have still to start on their sections of the barrier, Senegal has taken the lead, with the creation of a National Agency for the Great Green Wall. “This semi-arid region is becoming less and less habitable. We want to make it possible for people to continue to live here,”Col. Pap Sarr, the agency’s technical director, said in an interview here. Colonel Sarr has forged working alliances between Senegalese researchers and the French team headed by Mr. Boetsch, in fields as varied as soil microbiology, ecology, medicine and anthropology. “In Senegal we hope to experiment with different ways of doing things that will benefit the other countries as they become more active,”the colonel said. Each year since 2008, from May to June, about 400 people are employed in eight nurseries, choosing and overseeing germination of seeds and tending the seedlings until they are ready for planting. In August, 1,000 people are mobilized to plant out rows of seedlings, about 2 million plants, allowing them a full two months of the rainy season to take root before the long, dry season sets in. After their first dry season, the saplings look dead, brown twigs sticking out of holes in the ground, but 80 percent survive. Six years on, trees planted in 2008 are up to three meters, or 10 feet, tall. So far, 30,000 hectares, or about 75,000 acres, have been planted, including 4,000 hectares this summer. There are already discernible impacts on the microclimate, said Jean-Luc Peiry, a physical geography professor at the UniversitéBlaise Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand, France, who has placed 30 sensors to record temperatures in some planted parcels. “Preliminary results show that clumps of four to eight small trees can have an important impact on temperature,”Professor Peiry said in an interview. “The transpiration of the trees creates a microclimate that moderates daily temperature extremes.”“The trees also have an important role in slowing the soil erosion caused by the wind, reducing the dust, and acting like a large rough doormat, halting the sand-laden winds from the Sahara,”he added. Wildlife is responding to the changes. “Migratory birds are reappearing,”Mr. Boetsch said.