北京航空航天大学考博英语阅读真题解析
北京航空航天大学考博英语阅读真题解析Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each
text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40
points)
Text1
What would you do with590m?This is now a question for Gloria
Mackenzie,an84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small,
tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery
jackpot in history.If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield
lasting feelings of fulfillment,she could do worse than read Happy
Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.
（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show
that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive.
Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and
extravagant homes.Yet satisfaction with these material purchases
wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes
old-hat;regret creeps in.It is far better to spend money on
experiences,say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton,like interesting trips,unique
meals or even going to the cinema.These purchases often become more
valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they
involve feeling more connected to others.
This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well
as lottery winners get the most"happiness bang for your buck."It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work,spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television(something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing,and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself,and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib-a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.
Readers of“HappyMoney”are clearly a privileged lot,anxious about fulfillment,not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness,but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones.Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world,and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.Not everyone will agree with the authors’policy ideas,which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。
21.According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?
[A]A big house
[B]A special tour
[C]A stylish car
[D]A rich meal
22.The author’s attitude toward Americans’watching TV is
[A]critical
[B]supportive
[C]sympathetic
[D]ambiguous
23.Macrib is mentioned in paragraph3to show that
[A]consumers are sometimes irrational
[B]popularity usually comes after quality
[C]marketing tricks are after effective
[D]rarity generally increases pleasure
24.According to the last paragraph,Happy Money
[A]has left much room for readers’criticism
[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us
[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement
25.This text mainly discusses how to
[A]balance feeling good and spending money
[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries
[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent
[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuries
Text2
An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical
research says that,actually,you think you’re more beautiful than you are.We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the“above average effect”,or“illusory superiority”,and shown that,for example,70%of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership,93%in driving and85%at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.
We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations.We become defensive when criticized,and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem,we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.
Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness.Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others,he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselves’from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive.Visual recognition,reads the study,is“an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”.If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image-which must did-they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significant gender difference in responses.Nor was there any evidence that,those who self-enhance the must(that is,the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real)were doing so to make up
for profound insecurities.In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem.“I don’t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”,says Epley.“It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’.If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing.Knowing the results of Epley‘s study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level,they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves,Facebook therefore,is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos,the cream of their wit,style,beauty,intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison university,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.
26.According to the first paragraph,social psychologist have found that______.
[A]our self-ratings are unrealistically high
[B]illusory superiority is baseless effect
[C]our need for leadership is unnatural
[D]self-enhancing strategies are ineffective
27.Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______
[A]rapid watching
[B]conscious choice
[C]intuitive response
[D]automatic self-defence
28.Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended
to______
[A]underestimate their insecurities
[B]believe in their attractiveness
[C]cover up their depressions
[D]oversimplify their illusions
29.The word“Viscerally”(Line2,para.5)is closest in meaning to_____.
[A]instinctively
[B]occasionally
[C]particularly
[D]aggressively
30.It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradise because people can_____.
[A]present their dishonest profiles
[B]define their traditional life styles
[C]share their intellectual pursuits
[D]withhold their unflattering sides
Text4
When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads,railways,broadband and energy.Housing is seldom mentioned.
Why is that?To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame.We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth.Then there is the scale of the typical housing project.It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project,so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere.But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.
Nevertheless,the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.
The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this.It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.
There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister,Don Foster,has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer,may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt.Evidence shows that60,000extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by0.6%.
Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment,which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.
But it is not just down to the government.While these measures would be welcome in the short term,we must face up to the fact that the existing￡4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond then.The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if returns to power.The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale public grants.We need to adjust to this changing climate.
36.The author believes that the housing sector__
[A]has attracted much attention
[B]involves certain political factors
[C]shoulders too much responsibility
[D]has lost its real value in economy
37.It can be learned that affordable housing has__
[A]increased its home supply
[B]offered spending opportunities
[C]suffered government biases
[D]disappointed the government
38.According to Paragraph5,George Osborne may_______.
[A]allow greater government debt for housing
[B]stop local authorities from building homes
[C]prepare to reduce housing stock debt
[D]release a lifted GDP growth forecast
39.It can be inferred that a stable rental environment
would_______.
[A]lower the costs of registered providers
[B]lessen the impact of government interference
[C]contribute to funding new developments
[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities
40.The author believes that after2015,the government may______.
[A]implement more policies to support housing
[B]review the need for large-scale public grants
[C]renew the affordable housing grants programme
[D]stop generous funding to the housing sector
阅读text1
21、【答案】B A special tour
22、【答案】A critical
23、【答案】D rarity generally increases pleasure
24、【答案】B may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
25、【答案】A balance feeling good and spending money
26、【答案】A our self-ratings are unrealistically high
27、【答案】C intuitive response
28、【答案】B believe in their attractiveness
29、【答案】[A]instinctively unflattering sides
30、【答案】[D]withhold the
阅读text2
36、【答案】[B]involves certain political factor
37、【答案】[C]suffered government biases
38、【答案】[A]allow greater government debt for housing
39、【答案】[C]contribute to funding new developments
40、【答案】[D]stop generous funding to the housing sector
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑
北航考博辅导班：2019北京航空航天大学光学工程考博难度解析及经验分享
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考博英语(阅读理解)-试卷80.doc
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中央财经大学考博英语阅读理解真题解析
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《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(医学保健类 肺癌)【圣才出品】
Passage10肺癌 Among all the malignancies,lung cancer is the biggest killer;more than 100,000Americans die of the disease,giving up smoking is one of obvious ways to reduce the risk,but another answer may lie in the kitchen.According to a new report,even heavy smokers may be protected from developing lung cancer by eating a daily portion of carrots,spinach or any other vegetable or fruit containing a form of vitamin A called carotene. The finding,published in The Lancet,is part of a long-range investigation of diet and disease.Since1957,some American researchers have monitored the dietary habits and medical histories of2,000middle-aged men employed by the Western Electric Co.in Chicago.Led by Dr.Richard Shekelle of St.Luke’s Medical Center,and the researchers recently began to sort out the links between the subjects’dietary patterns and cancer.Other studies of animals and humans have suggested that vitamin A offers some protection against lung cancer.The correlation seemed logical,explains Shekelle,since vitamin A is essential for the growth of the epithelial(上皮的)tissue that lines the airways of the lungs. But the earlier research did not distinguish between the two different forms of the vitamin.“Preformed”vitamin A,known as retinol,is found mainly in liver and dairy products like milk,cheese,butter and eggs.But vitamin A is also made in the body from carotene,which is abundant in a variety of vegetables and fruits, including carrots,spinach,squash,tomatoes,sweet potatoes and apples.
2015北航系统工程考博(可靠性与系统工程学院)参考书、历年真题、报录比、研究生招生专业目录、复试分数线
2015北京航空航天大学系统工程考博（可靠性与系统工程学院）参考书、历年真题、报录比、研究生招生专业目录、复试分数线 一、学院介绍 1985年，我国国防科技界、教育界的著名专家，我国可靠性系统工程事业的奠基人和开拓者杨为民教授顺应国家战略重大需求，组建了北航工程系统工程系和可靠性工程研究所。历经20余年发展沉淀，学院形成了“献身国防，无私奉献的崇高境界；高屋建瓴，开拓创新的学术风范；淡泊名利，廉洁自律的高尚情怀；以人为本，集体发展的团队精神”的为民精神，秉承“开拓创新、敢为人先，需求牵引、专业推动，学科龙头、科教统筹，团队优势、集体发展”的工作理念，走过了一条“面向工程服务、开辟科研领域、创建培养体系”的特色创新之路，已成为国内可靠性工程专业技术领域的领军单位。 目前，研究所挂靠有多个以管理咨询和技术服务为职能的国家级中心和专家组，建成有可靠性领域唯一的国防科技重点实验室，以及多个国内实验设备与综合试验研究能力一流的部委级重点实验室和评价机构。这些高水平的技术与管理平台为院、所的可持续发展提供了坚实的基础与保证。 在科研领域，院、所现拥有专业齐全的研究方向、结构合理的教学科研队伍和配套先进的试验设备。多年来，紧密围绕国防科技工业发展对可靠性工程的专业需求，开展管理支持、人才培养、科学研究和工程服务。“九五”以来，先后承担完成了500余项科研项目，获得了包括国家科技进步特等奖在内的各类科技成果奖100余项，取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。 在人才培养领域，可靠性与系统工程学院开创了国内高校第一个“质量与可靠性工程”专业，建立了从本科到硕士（工程硕士）、博士、博士后在内完整的人才培养体系，将理论研究、工程应用与人才培养紧密结合，培养了大批可靠性与系统工程专业人才。同时，为上级单位举办了500多期各类可靠性系统工程培训班，培训人数达15000余人次，普及推广了可靠性专业知识，有力地推动了国防科技工业生产中可靠性工程的开展。 今天，可靠性-效能的倍增器，系统工程-智慧的钥匙，两者交叉融合诞生了可靠性与系统工程学院，它是大系统复杂性和不确定性碰撞的结果，亦是贯彻落实科学发展观寻求方法论突破的必然。为此，我们将紧抓机遇，瞄准科学发展方法论的学科培育需求、精英教育综合能力的人才培养需求以及国家重大工程系统优化的工程应用需求这三大需求，系统谋划、开拓奋进，打造具有国防特色与工程技术优势的国内领先、国际一流的可靠性与系统工程人才培养基地、技术研发基地、试验评价基地和成果转化基地，为北航建设“空天信融合特色的世界一流大学”做出新的贡献。 二、2015北京航空航天大学系统工程考博参考书 科目代 科目名称参考书目 码 1001英语不指定参考书
考博英语有多难
考博英语有多难 有人说英语需要的是积累，想在短时间内提高英语水平很难，此话不假。但是英语水平与英语考试分数并不直接对应，想在短时间内提高英语考试分数却有章可循。一般英语基础比较差的考生首先需要突破的是单词。找一本考博单词辅导书天天背。育明考博辅导专家提醒考生，单词不认识，一切都是虚妄，此处无捷径可走需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。 一、成绩建立在基础之上 单词量有了，再翻开考博阅读，你会发现文章忽然不那么可怕了，文章中一个个刚刚认识的、熟悉却有略感生疏的面孔再冲你微笑。这时可以开始进行阅读的突破。阅读训练请只做真题，其他任何资料都不足取，趁早放在一旁。考博复习的日子分秒必争，不是提高阅读量的时候。有去看英文报纸的功夫不如去再好好背一背单词，要还是有闲功夫就应当去准备其他科目了。做阅读真题的时候注意要仔细揣摩命题组的思路，到最后应该是读文章的时候就能隐约感觉到出题点;做题的时候能明显的感觉到常用的设陷阱的方法，甚至从选择项的语气、语言组织就能感觉到正确的选项。真题做一遍肯定不够，最好能过多做几遍，考博辅导专家提醒考生，做题的时候不光要提高英文水平，更重要的是要熟悉命题组的思路与命题方式。
二、写作其实很简单 英语作文写作并没有大家想象中那样困难，大家可以在平时多背一些复杂而又漂亮的句型，写作的时候尽量把他们用进去就是了。考博辅导专家提醒考生，有一个关键是要不要去背具体的句子而要背漂亮的语法结构。具体的句子应用面太窄，而一个漂亮的语法结构几乎在任何一篇作文中都可以用上。平时做一些练习，主要练习怎样在实际的句子中使用这些漂亮的语法结构，考试时就可以得心应手了。至于其他的题目，比如完型填空，确实比较考察你的英文水平积累。前面说过，英文水平在短期内难以迅速提高，所以请不要去做他们的专项练习。你多记了三五个固定搭配对最后分数的影响微乎其微，还有更重要的事情等着你去做，不要浪费时间。 育明考博辅导专家认为，英语的复习就是以背单词为基础，抓住阅读与写作，不要做其他题型的针对训练。 本文由“育明考博”整理编辑
考博心得之考博英语阅读理解
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中国农业大学考博英语题型分析
2015中国农业大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、中国农业大学考博英语题型 Part1:词汇20分（20个小题） Part2:阅读理解40分（4篇短文每篇短文5小题） Part3：翻译20分（英译汉，10分；汉译英10分） Part4：写作20分 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
北京外国语大学考博英语题型分析
2015北京外国语大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、北京外国语大学考博英语题型 Part1:词汇15分。30小题。 Part2:阅读理解40分。共20小题，4篇短文。 Part3:完形填空10分。共20小题。 Part4:翻译15分。英译汉，一篇短文中指定的5句话。 Part5:写作20分。200字左右。 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。
考博英语阅读100篇,含答案
考博英语阅读资料100篇 Unit One Passage 1 The physical distribution of products has two primary aspects: transportation and storage. Both aspects are highly developed and specialized phases of marketing. The costs of both trans-porting and storing are built into the prices of products. Transportation can be by truck, rail- way, ship, or barge. For some items, such as exotic plants and flowers, or when rapid delivery is essential, air freight may be used. Storage, or warehousing, is a necessary function because production and consumption of goods rarely match: items generally are not sold as quickly as they are made. Inventories build up, both in warehouses and at retail establishments, before the foods are sold. The transporta-tion function is involved in bringing goods to a warehouse and taking them from it to retail stores. Storage performs the service of stabilizing market price. If, for example, no agricultural product could be stored, all food would have to be put on the market immediately. This would, of course, create a glut and lower prices drastically. There would be an immediate benefit to consumers, but in the long run they would suffer. Farmers, because of low prices, would be forced off the land, and the amount of food produced would decrease. This, in turn, would raise consumer prices. Warehouses for storage are of several types. Private warehouses are owned by manufactur-ers. Public warehouses, in spite of their name, are privately owned facilities, but they are in-dependent of manufacturer ownership. General-merchandise warehouses store a great variety of products. Cold-storage warehouses store perishable goods, especially food products. Grain ele-vators are a kind of warehouse used to keep wheat and other grains from spoiling. A bonded warehouse is one that stores foods, frequently imported, on which taxes must be paid before they are sold. Cigarettes and alcoholic beverages are common examples. The distribution center is a more recently developed kind of warehouse. Many large com- panics have several manufacturing plants, sometimes located outside the country. Each plant does not make every company product but specializes in one or more of them. The distribution center allows a manufacturer to bring together all product lines in one place. Its purpose is to minimize storage and to ease the flow of goods from manufacturers to retailers rather than build up extensive inventories. It reduces costs by speeding up product turnover. V ery large corporations will have several distribution centers regionally or internationally based 1. The main subject of this passage is______. A) transportation and storage B) storage of products C) distribution center D) two main aspects of product distribution 2. Warehousing is important in that _ A) inventories build up before the goods are sold B) the prices will go down C) more goods are produced than can be consumed D) the food has to be put on the market immediately 3. How many types of warehouses for storage are discussed in the passage?
河海大学考博英语题型分析
2015河海大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、河海大学考博英语题型 初试的笔试科目为外国语(听力测试在复试中进行)、政治理论和两门业务课，其中英语试题构成一般为词汇结构10%，填空及改错10%，阅读40%，写作和翻译40%。 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。 (3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本
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