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epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority

of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually

informed,persuasive,or well-connected.The idea is intuitively

compelling,but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.

The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible

sounding but largely untested theory called the“two step flow of

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and from them to ereryone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step

flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the

influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them.

The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity

of people was wearing,promoting or developing whaterver it is before

anyone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits

nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive

trends.

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the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics

than is generally supposed.In fact,they don’t seem to be required

of all.

The researchers’argument stems from a simple obserrating about

social influence,with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah

Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not

interpersonal,influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebring influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influcencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected,must then influcence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example from the initial influential prove resistant,for example the casecade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.

Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations,manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendence to be.

31.By citing the book The Tipping Point,the author intends to

[A]analyze the consequences of social epidemics

[B]discuss influentials’function in spreading ideas

[C]exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics

[D]describe the essential characteristics of influentials.

32.The author suggests that the“two-step-flow theory”

[A]serves as a solution to marketing problems

[B]has helped explain certain prevalent trends

[C]has won support from influentials

[D]requires solid evidence for its validity

33.what the resarchers have observed recenty shows that

[A]the power of influence goes with social interactions

[B]interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media

[C]influentials have more channels to reach the public

[D]most celebrities enjoy wide media attention

34.The underlined phrase“these people”in paragraph4refers to the ones who

[A]stay outside the network of social influnce

[B]have little contact with the source of influnence

[C]are influenced and then influence others

[D]are influenced by the initial influential

35.what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?

[A]The eagerness to be accepted

[B]The impulse to influence others

[C]The readiness to be influenced

[D]The inclination to rely on others

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑

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