中央民族大学考博英语阅读理解真题及其解析

中央民族大学考博英语阅读理解真题及其解析When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world，something

strong happened to the large animals；they suddenly became extinct.

Smaller species survived，the large，slow-growing animals were easy

game，and were quickly hunted to extinction.

Now something similar could be happening in the oceans that the

seas are being over-fished has been known for years what researchers

such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things

are changing.They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries

around the world.Their methods de not attempt to estimate the actual

biomass（the amount of living biological matter）of fish species

in particular parts of the ocean，but rather changes in that biomass

over time.According to their latest paper published in Nature，Geng

duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi huo kao

bo fu dao ti yan qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si

ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu

qi ba wu san qi the biomass of large predators（animals that kill

and eat other animals）inanes fishery is reduced on average by80%

within15years of the start of exploitation.In some long-fished

areas，it has halved again since then Dr.Worm acknowledges that these

figures are conservative，one reason for this is that fishing

technology has improved Today‘s vessels can find their prey using

satellites and sonar，which were not available50years ago that means

a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught，so the

real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than

the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.In the early days，too，longlines would have been more saturated with fish.Some individuals would therefore not have been caught，since to baited hooks would have been available to trap them，leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.Furthermore，in the early days of longline fishing，a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem，because there are fewer sharks around noise.

Dr.Myers and Dr.worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline，which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the date support an idea current among marine biologists，that of the“shifting baseline”。The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped form a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about50%of its original levels.Most fisheries are well below that，which is a bad way to de business.

31、The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that

A、large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment

B、small species survived as large animals disappeared

C、large sea animals may face the same threat today.

D、Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones

32、who can infer form Dr Myers and Dr.Worm‘s paper that

A、the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by90%

B、there are only half as many fisheries are there were15years ago

C、the catch sizes in new fisheries are only20%of the original amount

D、the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisherish than in the old

33、By saying these figures are conservative（line in，paragragf-3），Dr worm means that

A、fishing technology has improved rapidly

B、then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded

C、the marine bio mass has suffered a greater loss

D、the date collected so far are pit pf date.

34、Dr Myers and other researchers hold that

A、people should look for a baseline that can‘t work for a longer time

B、fisheries should keep the yield below50%of the biomass

C、the ocean biomass should restored its original level.

D、people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation.

35、The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries‘

A、management efficiency

B、biomass level

C、catch-size limits

D、technological application.

Text4

Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this：artists‘only job is to explore emotions，and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.

This wasn‘t always so.The earliest forms of art，like painting and music，are those best suited for expressing joy.But somewhere in the19th century，more artists began seeing happiness as insipid，phony or，worst of all，boring as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire‘s flowers of evil.

You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery.But it‘s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war，disaster and the massacre of innocents.The reason，in fact，may be just the opposite：there is too much damn happiness in the world today.

After all，what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness？Advertising.The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media，and with it，a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.

People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted，lived with few protections and died

young.In the West，before mass communication and literacy，the most powerful mass medium was the church，which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this，they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.

Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial，and forever happy.Fast-food eaters，news anchors，text messengers，all smiling，smiling.Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes.And since these messages have an agenda――to lure us to open our wallets to make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable.“Celebrate！”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex，before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.

What we forget――what our economy depends on is forgetting――is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain.The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment.Today，surrounded by promises of easy happiness，we need someone to tell us as religion once did，Memento mori：remember that you will die，that everything ends，and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it.It‘s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette，yet，somehow，a breath of fresh air.

36.By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire，the author intends to show that

A.Poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music.

B.Art grow out of both positive and negative feeling.

C.Poets today are less skeptical of happiness.

D.Artist have changed their focus of interest.

37.The word“bummer”（Line5.paragraph5）most probably means something

A.religious

B.unpleasant

C.entertaining

https://www.docsj.com/doc/7113495752.html,mercial

38.In the author‘s opinion，advertising

A.emerges in the wake of the anti-happy part.

B.is a cause of disappointment for the general peer

C.replace the church as a major source of information

D.creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself.

39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes

A.Happiness more often than not ends in sadness.

B.The anti-happy art is distasteful by refreshing.

C.Misery should be enjoyed rather than denied.

D.The anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms

40.Which of the following is true of the text？

A Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.

B Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.

C People feel disappointed at the realities of morality.

D mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.

Part B

On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville，Ind，home

of David Willianis，52，and of a riverboat casinola place where gambling games are played.During several years of gambling in that casino，Williams a state auditor earning$35，000a year，last approximately$175，000.He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for$20worth of gambling.

He visited the casino，lost the$20and left.On his second visit he lost$800.The casino issued to him，as a good customer，a“Fun Card”，which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks，and enables the casino to track the user‘s gambling activities.For Williams，these activities become what he

calls“electronic heroin”。

（41），In1997he lost$21，000to one slot machine in two days. In march1997he lost$72，186.He sometimes played two slot machines at a time，all night，until the boat locked at5a.m，then went back aboard when the casino opened at9 a.m.Now he is suing the casino，charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted.It did know he had a problem.

In march1998，a friend of Williams‘s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions，and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gamblers.The casinno included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers，and wrote to him a“cease admissions”letter noting the“medical/psychological”nature of problem gambling behaviors，the letter said that before being readmitted to the patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his

safety or well-being.

（42）

The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has20signs warning，“enjoy the fun and always bet with your head，not over it.”Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health.Nevertheless Williams‘s suit charged that the casino，knowing he was“helplessly addicted to gambling”intentionally worked to“love”him to“engage in conduct against his will”well.

（43）

The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental Disorders says“pathological gambling”involves president，recurring and uncontrollable pursuit loss of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.

（44），.Pushed by science，or what claims to be science，society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders skin to physical disabilities （45）

Forty-four states have lotteries，29have casinos，and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on__you might say addicted to__revenues from wagering.And since the first Internet gambling site was created in1995，competition for gambler‘s dollars has become intense.The Oct.28issue of Newsweek reported that2 million gamblers patronize1，800virtual cosines every week，with

$3.5billion being lost on Internet wagers this year，gambling has，passed pornography as the web’s webs most profitable business.

（A）。Although no such evidence was preserved，the casino‘s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings.And he entered the casino ad used his Fun Card without being detected.（B）It is unclear what luring was required，given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative？

（C）By the time he had lost$5，00，he said to himself that if he could get back to even，he would quit，one night he won$5，500，but he did not quit.

（D）Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever，but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin，or a social disease.Now it is a social policy，the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.

（E）David Williamds suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don‘t bet on it.

（F）It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems，often defining as addiction what earlier，sterner generations explained as weakness of will.

（G）the anoymous，lonely，undistracted nature of online gambling is especaillly conductive to compulsive behavior.But even if the government knew how to more against Internet gambling，what would be its grounds for doing so？

Part C

Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society？I am going to suggest that it is not true.Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected American.But they have done more than that.They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual.It is they，not American，who have become anti-intellectual.

First，the object of our study pleads for definition.What is an intellectual？（46）I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic（苏格拉底）way about moral problems.He explores such problem consciously，articulately，and frankly，first by asking factual questions，then by asking moral questions，finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained.（47）His function is analogous to that of a judge，who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals――the average scientist for one.48）I have excluded him because，while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems，he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.Like other human beings，he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance

of his routine duties――he is not supposed to cook his experiments，manufacture evidence，or doctor his reports.49）But his primary task is not to think about the moral code，which governs his activity，any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted，as the businessman takes his ethics.

The definition also excludes the majority of factors，despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living（50）They may teach very well，and more than earn their salaries，but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.This description even fits the majority eminent scholars.“Being learned in some branch of human knowledge in one thing，living in public and industrious thoughts”，as Emersion would say，“is something else.”

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑

中央民族大学美术学院少数民族艺术专业考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真

中央民族大学美术学院少数民族艺术专业考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真 一、专业的设置 中央民族大学美术学院每年招收博士生3人，下设少数民族艺术专业，共3名导师高润喜、钟志金、殷会利。 二、招生专业、人数及考试科目 招生专业中国少数民族艺术 本专业备注 招生导师(或导师 组) 研究方向考试科目导师备注 高润喜少数民族艺术①1001英语②2025美术理论 ③3028速写 拟招收普通计划生1人 钟志金少数民族艺术①1001英语②2025美术理论 ③3028速写 拟招收普通计划生1人 少数民族骨干计划 招生专业中国少数民族艺术 本专业备注 招生导师(或导师组)研究方向考试科目导师备注 殷会利少数民族艺 术 ①1001英语②2025美术理论 ③3028速写 拟招收少数民族骨干计划生1人 骨干计划考生的定向生源省区： 内蒙古、湖北、河北、其它类、 广西 三、导师介绍 高润喜：1982年以优异成绩毕业于中央美术学院中国画系，同年执教于中央民族学院美术系至今，现为美术学院副院长、教授、教授委员会副主任。 钟志金：中央民族大学美术学院教授（三级），博士生导师（服装设计研究方向硕士生导师组组长）指导学生课堂设计作品在全国专业赛事中三次获金奖；兼任中国少数民族美术促进会副会长，中国流行色协会理事；中国美术家协会会员。艺术成就曾获北京市政府表彰，获中国美协与民族美术促进会授予杰出民族美术家称号。 殷会利：中央民族大学副校长，教授。中国美术家协会民族美术艺委会主任。

民族美术专业博导。 育明教育考博分校解析：考博如果能够提前联系导师的话，不论是在备考信息的获取，还是在复试的过程中，都会有极大的帮助，甚至是决定性的帮助。育明教育考博分校经过这些年的积淀可以协助学员考生联系以上导师。 四、参考书目（推荐） 专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容： 第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明考博联系。参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。另外，考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询叩叩：肆九叁叁，柒壹六，贰六，专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。 第二，专题信息汇总整理。每一位考生在复习专业课的最后阶段都应当进行专题总结，专题的来源一方面是度历年真题考点的针对性遴选，另一方面是导师研究课题。最后一方面是专业前沿问题。每一个专题都应当建立详尽的知识体系，做到专题知识点全覆盖。 第三，专业真题及解析。专业课的试题都是论述题，答案的开放性比较强。一般每门专业课都有有三道大题，考试时间各3小时，一般会有十几页答题纸。考生在专业课复习中仅仅有真题是不够的，还需要配合对真题最权威最正统的解析，两相印证才能够把握导师出题的重点、范围以及更加偏重哪一类的答案。 第四，导师的信息。导师的著作、研究方向、研究课题、近期发表的论文及研究成果，另外就是为研究生们上课所用的课件笔记和讨论的话题。这些都有可能成为初复试出题的考察重点。同时这些信息也是我们选择导师的时候的参照依据，当然选择导师是一个综合性的问题，还应当考虑到导师的研究水平、课题能力、对待学生的态度和福利等等。 第五，时事热点话题分析。博士生导师在选择博士的时候会一般都会偏重考查考生

考博英语(阅读理解)-试卷80.doc

考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷80 (总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00) Too much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotalers. Researchers at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderately — defined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day — had an IQ that was 3. 3 points higher that men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2. 5 points higher than female teetotalers. The type of alcohol didn't influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake. The researchers are quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent. "It's very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship," says senior researcher Hiroshi Shimokata. "We screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other factors such as lifestyle and nutritional intake. " Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drinkers eat a lot of cheese, which is not something Japanese people normally consume or buy. Shimokata says the high fat content of cheese is thought to be good for the brain. If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimokata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor. They are known to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating constricted coronary arteries. The study is part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age.（分数：10.00） (1).The Japanese study was carried out on______.（分数：2.00） A.the development of IQ B.the secret of longevity C.the brain food in a glass D.the amount of healthy drinking (2).The Japanese researchers found a higher IQ in______.（分数：2.00） A.female teetotalers than in male ones B.female drinkers than in male ones C.moderate drinkers D.teetotalers (3).When he says that it is very difficult to show cause-effect relationship, Shimokata means that______.（分数：2.00） A.the study failed to involve such variables as income and education B.he is doubtful of the findings of the investigation C.there are some other contributing factors D.the results were just misleading (4).From Shimokata's mention of fish and cheese we can infer that in enhancing intelligence______.（分数：2.00） A.sake or wine is a perfect match for fish and cheese B.they promote the drinking effect of sake or wine C.they are not as effective as sake and wine D.sake or wine is not alone (5).Based on the study, Shimokata would say that______.（分数：2.00） A.intelligence improves with age

中央财经大学考博英语阅读理解真题解析

中央财经大学考博英语阅读理解真题解析American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late1800s.Morgan,along with Tylor,was one of the founders of modern anthropology.In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________. In the early1900s in North America,German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism.Historical particularism,which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures,gave new direction to anthropology.43._____________. Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. 44._______________. （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology,largely through the influence of many students of Boas.But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism.Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few,especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists,then spread to other cultures. 45.________________. Also in the early1900s,French sociologistémile Durkheim

北京外国语大学考博英语阅读真题解析

北京外国语大学考博英语阅读真题解析Text4 It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story,“I love My Children,I Hate My Life,”is arousing much chatter–nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling,life-enriching experience.Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable,Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness:instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy,we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard,Senior writes that“the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.” （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)毫无疑问，Jennifer Senior在有煸动意味的的杂志封面故事中表达了 她的独到见解，“我爱我的孩子们，我讨厌我的生活”——这唤起了人们 的谈兴。人们一谈到养孩子就会觉得这是一件完全令人愉悦、生活充实的事 情。Jennifer Senior没有指出养孩子到底是使得父母快乐呢还是痛苦呢， 她倒是认为，我们需要重新定义幸福：幸福不应该是一个个瞬间的快乐组合 的可以被衡量的东西;我们应该把幸福视为一种过去式的状态。尽管抚养孩 子的日子漫长难熬，令人筋疲力尽，但是Jennifer Senior认为，正是那些 心绪沉重的时刻，日后却成为我们欢乐的源泉。 The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute

民大考博辅导班：2019中央民族大学民族政治学考博难度解析及经验分享

民大考博辅导班：2019中央民族大学民族政治学考博难度解析及经 验分享 根据教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心最新公布的第四轮学科评估结果可知，全国共有19所开设了政治学专业的大学参与了排名，其中排名第一的是华中科技大学，排名第二的是中央民族大学，排名第三的是西南大学。 作为中央民族大学实施国家“211工程”和“985工程”的重点学科，民族学与社会学学院的民族政治学一级学科在历次全国学科评估中均名列第二。 下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于中央民族大学民族政治学考博相关内容。 一、专业介绍 民族政治学专业以研究国际学术界形成的有关民族主义问题的各种基本概念，以及我们应该如何解释与应用，民族主义思想史，梳理各种理论流派，在民族主义运动的作用下，世界民族格局的演变、存在状况与相互关系，着重探讨多民族国家内部民族关系的善治之道。 中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院的民族政治学专业在博士招生方面，划分为6个研究方向： (0304Z5)★民族政治学 研究方向：1.族裔政治、多民族国家治理2.世界民族问题3.多民族国家治理4.民族问题与国际关系 二、考试内容 中央民族大学民族政治学专业博士研究生招生包括初试和复试。 （一）准考证下载：进入综合考核的考生可于考试前一周登录中央民族大学招生考务管理平台（https://www.docsj.com/doc/7113495752.html,/zsxt）自行下载打印《准考证》。 （二）考核日期：2019年3月30-31日。 （三）考核地点：具体考场见准考证。 （四）考核内容：笔试和面试。 笔试按照专业统一组织，由民族学（含人类学）、社会学（含民俗学）、民族理论与政策（含民族政治学）三个专业方向的博士研究生招生工作小组负责命题及评卷工作，主要考察考生的专业基础知识和科研能力素养，笔试结束按照规定时间向学院提交成绩、试卷等考试材料。

西南财经大学考博英语题型分析

2015西南财经大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、西南财经大学考博英语题型 Part1:词汇,30题15分 Part2:阅读理解,四篇20题40分 Part3:短文翻译,英译汉15分汉译英15分 Part4:作文,15分 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。

《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(医学保健类 肺癌)【圣才出品】

Passage10肺癌 Among all the malignancies,lung cancer is the biggest killer;more than 100,000Americans die of the disease,giving up smoking is one of obvious ways to reduce the risk,but another answer may lie in the kitchen.According to a new report,even heavy smokers may be protected from developing lung cancer by eating a daily portion of carrots,spinach or any other vegetable or fruit containing a form of vitamin A called carotene. The finding,published in The Lancet,is part of a long-range investigation of diet and disease.Since1957,some American researchers have monitored the dietary habits and medical histories of2,000middle-aged men employed by the Western Electric Co.in Chicago.Led by Dr.Richard Shekelle of St.Luke’s Medical Center,and the researchers recently began to sort out the links between the subjects’dietary patterns and cancer.Other studies of animals and humans have suggested that vitamin A offers some protection against lung cancer.The correlation seemed logical,explains Shekelle,since vitamin A is essential for the growth of the epithelial(上皮的)tissue that lines the airways of the lungs. But the earlier research did not distinguish between the two different forms of the vitamin.“Preformed”vitamin A,known as retinol,is found mainly in liver and dairy products like milk,cheese,butter and eggs.But vitamin A is also made in the body from carotene,which is abundant in a variety of vegetables and fruits, including carrots,spinach,squash,tomatoes,sweet potatoes and apples.

长安大学考博英语历年真题-题型-参考书-分数线-资料-育明考博

育明考博 免费咨询报名电话：400-668-6978咨询QQ：493371626（李老师） 2015考博QQ交流群105619820 2015考博QQ英语群335488903 2015考博QQ专业课群157460416 2015长安大学考博英语分析 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。 (3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不

民大考博辅导班：2019中央民族大学美术学院考博难度解析及经验分享

民大考博辅导班：2019中央民族大学美术学学院考博难度解析及经 验分享 中央民族大学是国家重点大学，是我国民族高等教育的最高学府。我校在相继进入“211工程”、“985工程”建设高校后，2017年进入国家“双一流”建设A类高校行列。学校现有25个学院，5个国家一级学科博士学位授权点，下设42个二级学科博士专业，27个国家一级学科硕士学位授权点，17个专业学位授权点，124个二级学科硕士学位授权点，有国家级重点学科3个，省部级重点学科22个。 2019年，我校有普通招考、申请—审核制、硕博连读三种招生选拔方式，部分导师招收硕博连读考生，具体以我校2019年博士研究生招生专业目录为准。 下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于中央民族大学美术学院考博相关内容。 一、院系简介 中央民族大学美术学院是国家少数民族艺术重点学科基地，也是国家“211工程”、“985工程”建设的重点学科，经过五十六年的发展，现已成为培养各民族高级美术专业人才的教育基地。 学院设有中国画、油画、美术教育、视觉传达设计、服装与服饰设计、环境设计、影像设计七个系，七个专业方向，1985年学院开始招收硕士研究生；2001年招收博士研究生。学院还建有一批专业工作室。 近三年来美术学院和中国美术家协会等筹办了在中国美术馆隆重举行的“天山南北-中国美术作品展”“浩瀚草原-中国美术作品展”和“七彩云南多彩贵州中国美术作品展”学院还与民族出版社创办了《中国民族美术》杂志，中国少数民族美术创作、教学及研究，民族文化的传承保护等有了自已的学术平台。 美术学院注重本科教育，积累了丰富的教学经验，形成了许多自己的教学特色。学院重视基本功训练，强调深入到少数民族地区体验生活。多年来，美术学院秉承严谨的学风和严格的管理制度，尊重美术教学的规律，注重对学生素质和创造能力的培养，已为国家培养大批优秀的毕业生，他们在全国各地成为各民族美术创作和教育事业的重要力量。仅近两年我院培养的本科生、研究生先后就有几十位在全国美展及其它一些重大展览、设计比赛中荣获重要奖项。 二、招生信息

考博心得之考博英语阅读理解

考博心得之考博英语阅读理解 阅读理解在大家看来，是英语考试中最关键的部分，因为这部分所占的分数最多，在试卷中的地位举足轻重。有很多方面的书籍，介绍大家如何来提高阅读理解水平，却很少提到不同类别的英语考试试卷中，都有自己的出题特点。其结果是，大凡英语考试，大家都采用几乎一样的思考模式，这在相当程度上影响了具体类别考试复习时的针对性。 首先，介绍如何提高阅读理解的基本功 很多参考书中（推荐一本考博英语阅读理解精练220篇(上下册)）。都提到在阅读时，不能读出声来，要快速的阅读。要达到这个水平需要相当的训练，可惜的是大部分考生由于各种原因，没有这样的条件。根据个人的体会，阅读中，碰到的最大问题往往不是理解不了其中内容，经常让人头痛的是阅读过程中，会在一些关键地方碰到自己不认识的单词，大大影响了自己对文章的领悟。所以第一个基本功还是词汇部分，我们不需要把大纲中所有的词汇（考博英语10000词汇详解）都会拼写，因为除了写作之外，会认某个词与会写某个词没区别，即使是写作，用到的词也都是常见的。 学会用自己的呼吸来控制自己的阅读，进而提高阅读速度。这点可能不少朋友没有听说过吧，对，这是我自己体会后总结出来的。针对一个句子，大家要学着在吸气的过程中，看明白前半部分的意思，而在呼气的过程中，看明白后一半的内容。开始训练时，大部分人达不到这个要求，没关系，重新吸气，呼气，直到这个句子看懂。选择的文章不要太难，但也不能过于简单，仔细体会这个过程。 我比较推荐的一个方法是：充分利用选择填空题目，在要填空的位置上，先写上正确的答案，然后尝试着在一个呼吸过程中看懂它所表述的意思。这不仅将来能提高选择填空的阅读速度，也提高了语感。当训练的差不多后，可以转入阅读文章了，把呼吸和大脑的思维连贯性统一起来。 其次，阅读理解过程中，需要从头读到尾吗？ 这个问题，我也曾经问了自己很多次。经过尝试后，我总结的经验是没必要。说起来大家可能不相信，我觉得阅读理解，如其说是阅读，不如说是把文章的内容结构搞懂：这篇阅读理解分了几个段落？每个段落中最重要的那个主旨句要表达的是什么意思？文章作者是以什么口气、什么态度来看待自己文章所描述的内容的？实际就是从宏观上把握作者的意图 全面阅读有什么不？第一个就是浪费时间，考试中的时间是最宝贵的，如果费了不少时间读懂了文章的某些内容（即使是比较重要的），可偏巧这在后边的题目中又没有体现出来，不就是浪费时间和精力吗？第二就是使得人容易忘记其他部分的内容，当我们看第一段的时候，看明白它的内容了，可当你把最后一段也看懂之，第一段的内容你还能记得多少呢？这个问题在阅读理解进行到第三篇，第四篇的时候尤其突出，以至于头晕脑胀。相信很多人有这个感觉，英语考试过程中，觉得自己脑力不够用，或者考试结束后有朦胧的倦意。这对后边题目的完成绝对是个巨大威胁。第三就是缺乏对整个文章的理解，由于在全面阅读过程中，人的精力集中在具体句子的理解上，冲淡了整体的认识，而几乎每个阅读理解后的题目中，总少不了1个或2个关于文章整体概括性的题目，稍有偏差，就会出错。

中央民族大学考博英语阅读真题及其解析

中央民族大学考博英语阅读真题及其解析When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although,in the manner of a disgraced government minister,I covered my exit by claiming“I wanted to spend more time with my family". Curiously,some two-and-a-half years and two novels later,my experiment in what the Americans term"downshifting"has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of“have it all",preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her Geng duo yuan xiao zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress,that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life",and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed:12-hour working days,pressured deadlines,the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on“quality time”.

中央民族大学考博英语阅读真题

中央民族大学考博英语阅读真题Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain?That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades,some10million smokers went to early graves. There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.The president of the National Academy,Bruce Alberts,added this key point in the preface to the panel's report“Science never has all the answers.But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking,voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete,that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.This is a dangerous game:by the 100percent of the evidence is in,it may be too late.With the risks obvious and growing,a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately,the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously.Instead of a plan of action,they

考博英语阅读100篇,含答案

考博英语阅读资料100篇 Unit One Passage 1 The physical distribution of products has two primary aspects: transportation and storage. Both aspects are highly developed and specialized phases of marketing. The costs of both trans-porting and storing are built into the prices of products. Transportation can be by truck, rail- way, ship, or barge. For some items, such as exotic plants and flowers, or when rapid delivery is essential, air freight may be used. Storage, or warehousing, is a necessary function because production and consumption of goods rarely match: items generally are not sold as quickly as they are made. Inventories build up, both in warehouses and at retail establishments, before the foods are sold. The transporta-tion function is involved in bringing goods to a warehouse and taking them from it to retail stores. Storage performs the service of stabilizing market price. If, for example, no agricultural product could be stored, all food would have to be put on the market immediately. This would, of course, create a glut and lower prices drastically. There would be an immediate benefit to consumers, but in the long run they would suffer. Farmers, because of low prices, would be forced off the land, and the amount of food produced would decrease. This, in turn, would raise consumer prices. Warehouses for storage are of several types. Private warehouses are owned by manufactur-ers. Public warehouses, in spite of their name, are privately owned facilities, but they are in-dependent of manufacturer ownership. General-merchandise warehouses store a great variety of products. Cold-storage warehouses store perishable goods, especially food products. Grain ele-vators are a kind of warehouse used to keep wheat and other grains from spoiling. A bonded warehouse is one that stores foods, frequently imported, on which taxes must be paid before they are sold. Cigarettes and alcoholic beverages are common examples. The distribution center is a more recently developed kind of warehouse. Many large com- panics have several manufacturing plants, sometimes located outside the country. Each plant does not make every company product but specializes in one or more of them. The distribution center allows a manufacturer to bring together all product lines in one place. Its purpose is to minimize storage and to ease the flow of goods from manufacturers to retailers rather than build up extensive inventories. It reduces costs by speeding up product turnover. V ery large corporations will have several distribution centers regionally or internationally based 1. The main subject of this passage is______. A) transportation and storage B) storage of products C) distribution center D) two main aspects of product distribution 2. Warehousing is important in that _ A) inventories build up before the goods are sold B) the prices will go down C) more goods are produced than can be consumed D) the food has to be put on the market immediately 3. How many types of warehouses for storage are discussed in the passage?