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纳米材料方面的制备英文文献

Large-scale synthesis of double cauli?ower-like Sb 2S 3microcrystallines by hydrothermal

method

Lei Wu a ,Hanyue Xu b ,Qiaofeng Han a ,?,Xin Wang a

a Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials,Ministry of Education,China

School of Electronic and Optical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China

a r t i c l e i n f o Article history:

Received 21December 2012

Received in revised form 20March 2013Accepted 21March 2013

Available online 4April 2013Keywords:

Cauli?ower-like Assembled Surfactants

Microcrystallines

a b s t r a c t

The double cauli?ower-like Sb 2S 3superstructures assembled by nanorods were prepared using SbCl 3and Na 2S á9H 2O as raw materials,dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB,C 15H 31BrN)as surfactant under acidic condition at 180°C for 30h.The structure,morphology and composition of the product were characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),scanning elec-tron microscopy (SEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)and energy diffraction spectroscopy (EDS).The effect of reaction conditions including temperature,reaction time and surfactants on the sam-ple morphology was discussed and a possible mechanism for the formation of cauli?ower-like Sb 2S 3was proposed.The cauli?ower-like Sb 2S 3microcrystallines revealed broad spectrum response,which may have a good application prospect in solar energy utilization and photoelectric conversion ?elds.

1.Introduction

Antimony trisul?de (stibnite),a kind of layer-structured V–VI semiconductor material with a direct band gap of 1.5–2.2eV,pos-sesses excellent photosensitivity as well as thermoelectricity,which is widely used in microwave devices,electronic equipment,solar,thermoelectric cooling devices [1–5].

Compared with traditional materials,nanomaterials have re-ceived considerable attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties and wide applications in the fabrication of optical and electronic devices.Research on the controllable prepa-ration of nanomaterials with unique structures and morphologies has become an important ?eld for developing nanomaterials.Spe-cially,a variety of self-assembling patterns of inorganic crystals with naturally inspired morphologies have been obtained.For example,Pilapong research group synthesized double-sheaves of Sb 2S 3crystals by using thiourea as sulfur source,antimony acetate as antimony source and copolymer as a crystal splitting agent un-der acidic condition at 200°C [6].Mo and co-workers prepared Sb 2S 3with nanorod,dentrites,straw-tied-like morphology via a precursor–solvothermal–pyrolysis route [7].Our group synthe-sized peanut-shaped Sb 2S 3superstructures by using xanthate as

precursors [8].A variety of novel morphologies of Sb 2S 3such as feather-like,radioactive dendrite-like,prism–sphere-like,prickly sphere-like,?ower-like and plate–sphere-like aggregated by one-dimensional (1-D)building blocks were obtained by Hu et al.[9].Surfactants can effectively control morphologies and structures of nanoparticles because they can parcel at the particle surface through coordination or charge effect.Sb 2S 3nanoparticles with various morphologies have been prepared by using polyvinylpyr-rolidone (PVP)[10,11],macrogol 400(PEG-400)and emulsi?er OP-10as the surfactants [12].

Herein,we describe the synthesis of cauli?ower-like Sb 2S 3microcrystallines via a surfactant (dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide DTAB)assisted hydrothermal route by using SbCl 3and Na 2S as raw materials.As compared to ?ower-like Sb 2S 3micro-structures obtained by using potassium antimony tartrate as anti-mony source [13]or triethanolamine as solvent [14],raw materials were simpler and the morphology of the products were more reg-ular in our work.The effect of reaction time,reaction temperature,surfactant and the ratio of raw materials on the structures and morphology of the products was carefully investigated.

2.Experimental section 2.1.Synthetic procedure

In a typical experiment, 1.0g (4.4mmol)antimony trichloride (SbCl 3)was added to 20ml distilled water,and concentrated hydrochloric was added into the solution till white precipitate disappeared completely.4.2g (17.5mmol)so-

Corresponding author.Tel.:+862584315943.

E-mail addresses:hanqiaofeng@https://www.docsj.com/doc/612500293.html, ,hanqiaofeng@https://www.docsj.com/doc/612500293.html, (Q.Han).

dium sul?de(Na2Sá9H2O)was added to20ml of distilled water followed by the addition of2.7g(8.8mmol)DTAB with stirring.Two solutions were mixed and put into a Te?on-liner autoclave of50ml capacity.Then,the autoclave was maintained constantly at180°C for30h.The resultant black precipitate was?l-tered,washed with distilled water and ethanol several times,and dried sponta-neously in air.

2.2.Characterization

The X-ray diffraction(XRD)pattern was recorded on a Bruker D8advanced X-ray diffractometer using Cu K a radiation(k=0.154186nm).Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and the corresponding selected-area electron diffraction(SAED) were carried out on a JEM-2100(JEOL)microscope equipped with an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS).Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)images were obtained with a JSM-5610LV microscope.Raman spectra were collected on a REN-ISHAW Invia Raman microscope equipped with Ar ion laser of wavelength 514.5nm.The X-ray photoelectron spectra(XPS)of the products were collected on a PHI QUANTERA II X-ray photoelectron spectrometer,using a monochromatic Al K a radiation(k=8.4?)as the exciting source.The diffuse re?ection spectra were obtained on a Shimadzu UV-2550spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere,using BaSO4as a reference.

3.Results and discussion

Typical XRD patterns of the Sb2S3microcrystallines obtained after5h and30h of hydrothermal reaction are shown in Fig.1. All of the re?ection peaks in the XRD patterns can be readily in-dexed to an orthorhombic Sb2S3(JCPDS,No.74-1046).No charac-teristic peaks for the impurities such as Sb2O3and SbOCl appeared.The re?ection peaks of the Sb2S3microcrystallines for 30h and5h are both strong and sharp,indicating that Sb2S3was well crystalline.The calculated average size of the particles is about35nm based on the Debye–Scherrer formula.

The Sb2S3microcrystallines for5h and30h of reaction were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and the results are displayed in Fig.2.The appearance of the sharp peaks at147,198,257cmà1 suggests the formation of well crystalline Sb2S3[15].No obvious difference is present between the products of5h and30h,which is consistent with XRD results.The peaks at292,305cmà1can be assigned to the vibration peaks of SbS3basic unit[16].The peak at 448cmà1may be due to the symmetric stretching of the Sb–S–S–Sb bond of Sb2S3[14].

The purity and composition of double cauli?ower-like Sb2S3are analyzed by using XPS.The core level spectra of S2p and Sb3d are shown in Fig.3.The peaks at529.5and539eV correspond to Sb 3d5/2and3d3/2,respectively[17],and the peaks at161.3and 162.1eV are assigned to the binding energies of S2p3/2and S 2p1/2,respectively[18].The atomic ratio of Sb and S existing in product is1.9:3through the computation of peak areas,which is close to stoichiometric ratio of Sb2S3.

Fig.4a shows the SEM image of the double cauli?ower-like Sb2S3.The product consists of double-cauli?owers with a diameter

L.Wu et al./Journal of Alloys and Compounds572(2013)56–6157

of about 10l m.A magni?cation SEM image indicates that the cau-li?ower is composed of nanorods extending radially from the same center point (inset of Fig.4a).The surface of rods is smooth with polyhedral and even ends (Fig.4b).TEM image of double cauli-?ower-like Sb 2S 3further con?rms that cauli?ower-like Sb 2S 3is made up of many individual nanorods with an average size of 40nm ?1.5l m (Fig.4c),which is in agreement with SEM observation.The HRTEM image of product displays the regular lattice,demonstrating the formation of well crystalline product (Fig.4d).The measured spacing of the crystallographic planes is 0.286nm,which corresponds to the (130)plane lattice dis-

tance of orthorhombic Sb 2S 3.Spot patterns in the SAED image indicate that double cauli?ower-like Sb 2S 3is single crystal (inset of Fig.4d).

The EDS spectrum of double cauli?ower-like Sb 2S 3microcrystal-lines shows that the as-prepared products consist of S and Sb ele-ments (Fig.5).C and Cu peaks in the spectra are due to carbon-coated Cu grid [19].Moreover,the content ratio of S and Sb in com-pound is 3:2through the quanti?cation calculation of EDS peaks.The TEM images of Sb 2S 3microcrystallines prepared at 180°C for different reaction time are shown in Fig.6.When the reaction time was 5h,a little of bundle-like nanorods were formed (Fig.6a).If the reaction time was prolonged to 20h,massive cau-li?ower-like Sb 2S 3particles appeared (Fig.6b).Double cauli-?ower-like Sb 2S 3microcrystallines on a large scale were generated after 30h of reaction (Fig.4).

When SbCl 3was added into water,SbCl 3was strongly hydro-lyzed to produce hydrogen chloride and a white precipitate (SbOCl).After adding proper hydrochloric acid,the white precipi-tate disappeared.When Na 2S solution was added,orange precipi-tates were ?rstly produced due to the formation of amorphous antimony sul?de.If the sul?des were insuf?cient,the product suf-fers from some impurities such as Sb 2O 3due to incomplete reac-tion.When excessive sul?de was present,Sb 3+?rstly combined with S 2àto generate amorphous antimony sul?de,which may combine with S 2àto product SbS x y à.SbS x y àdecomposed to gener-ate Sb 2S 3under the acidic condition,analogous to traditional recrystallization process [20].The crystal growth behavior is dom-inated by the internal structure,which conforms to the crystal growth law [21].Sb 2S 3belongs to orthorhombic system with lay-ered structures,which tends to form one dimensional (1D)struc-tures.Under the hydrothermal condition,the rods attached together to form bundles,?nally self-assembled into double

cauli-

of as-prepared double cauli?ower-like Sb 2S 3,inset in (a)showing a SEM image of a single cauli?ower-like Sb 2S 3;3and the inset showing rod-like structures;and (d)HRTEM images of Sb 2S 3and the corresponding SAED image 4

Energy (keV)

spectra of double cauli?ower-like Sb 2S 3.

?ower-like superstructures,as displayed in Scheme1.DTAB can prevent the nanoparticles from gathering together due to the steric effect arising from the long carbon chain on the surface of particles, and direct Sb2S3nanorods to assemble into double cauli?ower-like microstructures with orientation.The whole process can be de-scribed in Scheme1.

The reaction temperature plays an important role in the growth of Sb2S3particles.When the reaction temperature was140°C,the nanorods were randomly aggregated(Fig.6c).The cauli?ower-like and double cauli?ower-like microcrystallines were produced if the reaction proceeded at160°C(Fig.6d).

The in?uence of the surfactants including cationic surfactant (DTAB),anionic surfactant(SDS)and non-ionic surfactant(PEG-1500)on the morphology of Sb2S3was discussed.The morphology of the product was irregular when using PEG-1500as surfactant (Fig.7a).The thick nanorods were observed if the SDS was added (Fig.7b).The dendritic Sb2S3appeared

(Fig.7c).The ratio of S and Sb obviously in?uenced

of Sb2S3.The nanorods attached together

(Fig.7d).With the ratio increasing to3:2,

Sb2S3were formed except for the dispersed

When the ratio of S/Sb was4:1,the

Sb2S3was generated(Fig.7f).

The UV–Vis absorption spectrum is one

ods for researching the band structure

semiconductor nanomaterials.The optical

cauli?ower-like Sb2S3have been evaluated

absorption spectroscopy.Fig.8a shows

an edge extending to750nm.The energy of the band gap(E g)could be estimated following the formula a h m=A(h màE g)n/2,where a,h, m,E g,and A are the absorption,Plank constant,light frequency,

band gap,and a constant,respectively.For Sb2S3,the value of n is 2.The band gap of the Sb2S3superstructure is about 1.63eV (Fig.8b)[22],which is close to the best photoelectric conversion value of the solar materials,indicating that the double cauli-?ower-like Sb2S3superstructure has a very good application pros-pect in solar energy utilization and photoelectric conversion?elds [23].

4.Conclusions

In summary,by selecting proper reaction conditions including surfactant,S/Sb ratio,reaction temperature and time,the double cauli?ower-like Sb2S3were successfully prepared by hydrothermal method.A corresponding mechanism for the formation of double cauli?ower-like Sb2S3microcrystallines was tentatively suggested.

Scheme 1.Scheme of the formation for the double cauli?ower-like Sb2S3

microcrystalline.

images of Sb2S3prepared at180°C for(a)5h,(b)20h;TEM images of Sb2S3prepared at(c)140°C,and

microcrystallines prepared under different experiment conditions:(a)and(b)the PEG-1500and SDS were of S/Sb is1:1,3:2,4:1,respectively.

400500600700800 Wavelength (nm)

1.560 1.586 1.612 1.638 1.664 1.690 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

Energy (eV)

UV–Vis absorption spectra of Sb2S3superstructure,and(b)(a h v)2versus hv plot for the double cauli?ower-like

The value of optical band gap of the double cauli?ower-like Sb2S3 was evaluated as1.63eV,which may?nd good application in solar energy utilization.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Jiangsu Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(BK2012035),Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2011024)and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD). References

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污水处理英文文献3 翻译

丹宁改性絮凝剂处理城市污水 J.Beltrán-heredia，J.ánche z-Martin 埃斯特雷马杜拉大学化学工程系和物理化学系,德埃娃儿，S / N 06071，巴达霍斯，西班牙摘要一种新的以丹宁为主要成分的混凝剂和絮凝剂已经过测试用以处理城市污水。TANFLOC 证实了其在浊度的去除上的高效性（接近100%，取决于剂量），并且近50%的BOD5和COD 被去除，表明TANFLOC是合适的凝集剂，效力可与明矾相媲美。混凝絮凝剂过程不依赖于温度，发现最佳搅拌速度和时间为40转/每分钟和30分钟。多酚含量不显著增加，30%的阴离子表面活性剂被去除。沉淀过程似乎是一种絮凝分离，所以污泥体积指数和它随絮凝剂剂量的改变可以确定。证明TANFLOC是相当有效的可用于污水处理的混凝絮凝剂。关键词: 基于丹宁的絮凝剂城市污水絮凝天然混凝剂 1．简介人类活动是废物的来源。特别是在城市定居点，来自家庭和工业的废水可能是危险有害的产品[ 1 ]，需要适当的处理，以避免对环境[ 2 ]和健康的影响[ 3,4 ]。2006年12月4日联合国大会通过决议宣布2008为国际卫生年。无效的卫生基础设施促使每年220万人死于腹泻，主要在3岁以下儿童，600万人因沙眼失明，两亿人感染血吸虫病，只是为了给出一些数据[ 5 ]。显然，他们中的大多数都是在发展中国家，所以谈及城市污水，必须研究适当的技术来拓宽可能的处理技术种类。在这个意义上，许多类型的水处理被使用。他们之间的分歧在于经济和技术特点上。了摆脱危险的污染[ 6 ]，一些令人关注的论文已经发表的关于城市污水处理的几种天然的替代方法，包括绿色过滤器、化学初步分离、紫外消毒[ 7 ]和多级程序[ 8 ]。几个以前的文件指出了城市污水管理[9,10]的重要性。这种类型的废物已成为社会研究的目标，因为它涉及到几个方面，都与社会结构和社会组织[11 ]相关。根据这一维度，必须认识到废水管理作为发展中国家的一种社会变化的因素，事关污水处理和生产之间的平衡，是非常重要的，一方面，人类要发展，另一方面，显而易见。对水处理其它程序的研究一直是这和其他文件的范围。几年来，研究者关注的是发展中国家间的合作，他们正在致力于水处理的替代过程，主要考虑可持续发展，社会承受能力和可行性等理念。在这个意义上，自然混凝絮凝剂这一广为传播，易于操作的资源即使是非专业人员也不难操作。有一些例子，如辣木[ 14 ]和仙人掌榕[ 15 ]。丹宁可能是一个新的混凝剂和絮凝剂。一些开拓者已经研究了丹宁水处理能力。 ?zacar和sengil [ 16 ]：从瓦罗NIA获得的丹宁，从土耳其的autoctonous树的果壳中获得丹宁，并用于他们的–污水混凝絮凝过程。他们表明，丹宁有很好的效果，结合Al2（SO4）3可进一步提高污泥去除率。詹和赵[ 17 ]试着用丹宁为主要成分的凝胶作为吸收剂除去水中的铝，丹宁凝胶改进了金属去除过程，一定意义上也可参照Nakano等人的[ 18 ]，Kim 和Nakano[ 19 ]。 ?zacar和sengil [ 20 ]加强以前的文章给出了关于三卤甲烷的形成和其他不良化合物特殊的数据，以及处理后的水质安全。他们始终使用丹宁与Al2（SO4）3的组合。帕尔马等人将丹宁从辐射松的树皮为原位提取，用于重金属去除中聚合固体。树皮本

材料英文文献翻译

The development of plastic mould China's industrial plastic moulds from the start to now, after more than half a century, there has been great development, mold levels have been greatly enhanced. Mould has been at large can produce 48-inch big-screen color TV Molded Case injection mold, 6.5 kg capacity washing machine full of plastic molds, as well as the overall car bumpers and dashboards, and other plastic mould precision plastic molds, the camera is capable of producing plastic mould , multi-cavity mold small modulus gear and molding mold. --Such as Tianjin and Yantai days Electrical Co., Ltd Polaris IK Co. manufactured multi-cavity mold VCD and DVD gear, the gear production of such size precision plastic parts, coaxial, beating requirements have reached a similar foreign the level of product, but also the application of the latest gear design software to correct contraction as a result of the molding profile error to the standard involute requirements. Production can only 0.08 mm thickness of a two-cavity mold and the air Cup difficulty of plastic doors and windows out of high modulus, and so on. Model cavity injection molding manufacturing accuracy of 0.02 to 0.05 mm, surface roughness Ra0.2 μ m, mold quality, and significantly increase life expectancy, non-hardening steel mould life up to 10~ 30 million, hardening steel form up to 50 ~ 10 million times, shorten the delivery time than before, but still higher than abroad,and the gap between a specific data table. Process, the multi-material plastic molding die, efficient multicolor injection mould, inserts exchange structure and core pulling Stripping the innovative design has also made great progress. Gas-assisted injection molding, the use of more mature technologies, such as Qingdao Hisense Co., Ltd., Tianjin factory communications and broadcasting companies, such as mold manufacturers succeeded in 29 ~ 34-inch TV thick-walled shell, as well as some parts on the use of gas-assisted mould technology Some manufacturers also use the C-MOLD gas-assisted software and achieved better results. Prescott, such as Shanghai, such as the new company will provide users with gas-assisted molding equipment and technology. Began promoting hot runner mold, and some plants use rate of more than 20 percent, the general heat-thermal hot runner, or device, a small number of units with the world's advanced level of rigorous hot runner-needle device, a small number of units with World advanced level of rigorous needle-hot runner mould. However, the use of hot runner overall rate of less than 10%, with overseas compared to 50 ~ 80%, the gap larger. In the manufacturing technology, CAD / CAM / CAE technology on the level of application of a new level to the enterprise for the production of household appliances representatives have introduced a considerable number of CAD / CAM systems, such as the United States EDS UG Ⅱ,

各专业的英文翻译剖析

哲学Philosophy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism 中国哲学Chinese Philosophy 外国哲学Foreign Philosophies 逻辑学Logic 伦理学Ethics 美学Aesthetics 宗教学Science of Religion 科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 经济学Economics 理论经济学Theoretical Economics 政治经济学Political Economy 经济思想史History of Economic Thought 经济史History of Economic 西方经济学Western Economics 世界经济World Economics 人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学Applied Economics 国民经济学National Economics 区域经济学Regional Economics 财政学（含税收学）Public Finance (including Taxation) 金融学（含保险学）Finance (including Insurance) 产业经济学Industrial Economics 国际贸易学International Trade 劳动经济学Labor Economics 统计学Statistics 数量经济学Quantitative Economics 中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学National Defense Economics 法学Law 法学Science of Law 法学理论Jurisprudence 法律史Legal History 宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence 民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law ) 诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws

碳纳米材料简介

碳纳米材料简介第一章碳纳米材料简介碳元素碳在元素周期表中排第六位，是自然界分布非常广泛的元素，也是目前最重要、最使人着迷的元素之一。尽管它在地壳中含量仅为0.027%，但是对一切生物体而言，它是最重要且含量最多的元素，人体中碳元素约占总质量的18%碳元素是元素周期表中IV A族中最轻的元素。它存在三种同位素：12C、13C、14c。碳单质有多重同素异形体，他是迄今为止人类发现的唯一一种可以从零围到三维都稳定存在的物质。如零维的富勒烯( fullerenes )，一维的碳纳米管(carb on nano tubes )，二维的石墨烯(graphe ne)，三维的金冈寸石(diam ond) 和石墨(graphite )等。碳纳米材料富勒烯富勒烯是指完全由碳原子组成的具有空心球状或管状结构的分子。1985年, Kroto，Smalley和Curl在美国莱斯大学发现了第一个富勒烯分子一一C6。。这一发现使得他们赢得了1996年的诺贝尔化学奖。G。由60个原子组成，包含20个六元环和12个五元环。这些环平面堆积在一起的方式和足球的表面结构一样，因此也也被称为足球烯。从那以后，不同分子质量和尺寸的富勒烯纷纷被制备出来。G。的发现和研究开启了对碳元素和碳纳米材料广泛、深入研究的新时代，对纳米材料科学和技术的发展起到了极大的推动作用。由于其独特的结构，富勒烯同时具有芳香化合物和缺电子烯烃的性质，表现出很多

优良的物理和化学性质(表1-1 ) 表 60的一些基本物理和化学性质碳纳米管（carbon nano tubes ）是由碳原子形成的管状结构分子，包括单壁碳纳米管（single-walled carbon nanotubes,SWNTs）和多壁碳纳米管（multi-walled carbon nano tubes ，MWNTs其直径从几百皮米到几十纳米，而长径比可以上万。碳纳米管是前最重要的一维纳米材料之一。虽然对碳纳米管发现的确切时间存在争议，但公认碳纳米管从1991年才引起了科学界的广泛兴趣。1991年日本的Iijima 在研究富勒烯的制备过程中由于电弧产物中发现了多壁碳纳米管，并利用透射电镜证实了它的存在。随后在1993 年，他又发现了单壁碳纳米管，与此同时，Bethune等也独立观察到了单壁碳纳米管。单壁碳纳米管可看成是由一层石墨烯沿一定角度卷曲而成的管状结构（图 1-1 ）。根据卷曲角度的不同，可以形成具有不同手性和直径的碳纳米管，因此常用两个整数（n,m）表征单壁碳纳米管的结构。当m=0时，该类单壁碳纳米管被称为锯齿形（zigzag ）单壁碳纳米管；当n=m时，该类单壁碳纳米管被称为扶手椅形（armchair ）单壁碳纳米管；其他的均被称为手性（chiral ）碳纳米管。单壁碳纳米管的直径可以通过两个指数算出来。

华科材料学英文文献摘要翻译

Abstract: A supporting body of diatomite-based porous ceramics was prepared by a solid-phase sintering process and low-temperature calcination process. A nano-TiO2 compound membrane was loaded on the supporting body by the hydrolysis precipitation method and using TiCl4 as the forerunner body, and the TiO2/diatomite-based porous ceramic composite structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy and so on. The photocatalytic activities of TiO2 films were investigated by the degradation of formaldehyde. The results indicate that the TiO2 films in TiO2/diatomite-based porous ceramic composite calcined at 550 ℃are anatase, and the average grain size of TiO2 is 10.9 nm. The elimination rate of the composites for formaldehyde reaches 96.8% in 6 h under an ultraviolet lamp irradiation of 8 W, and the concentration of formaldehyde drops to 0.015 mg/m3 from 0.463 mg/m3. Key words: diatomite-based porous ceramics; nano-titania compound membrane; water solution precipitation method; formaldehyde; photocatalytic activity 摘要：采用固相烧结法和低温煅烧工艺，制备了硅藻土基多孔陶瓷支承体。以四氯化钛为前驱体，采用水解沉淀法在支承体上负载纳米TiO2复合膜。用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜等对TiO2复合膜/多孔陶瓷支承体的复合结构进行了表征；并以甲醛为降解对象，考察了TiO2复合膜的光催化性能。结果表明：纳米TiO2/硅藻土基多孔陶瓷复合膜在550℃煅烧后TiO2为锐钛矿型，平均晶粒粒径为10.9 nm。在紫外光照射240min后，甲醛气体初始浓度由0.463 mg/m3 降至0.015 mg /m3，复合材料对甲醛的去除率达到96.8%。关键词：硅藻土基多孔陶瓷；纳米二氧化钛复合膜; 水解沉淀法；甲醛；光催化性能Abstrac:t Photocatalytic ceramic foam filter, the composite of high photo active TiO2 nano mate rials and three dimensional porous ceramic foam materials, has been widely applied in the field of air /water purification, owing to its characteristics of high photoactivity, large surface area, large flowing flux and ceramic heat/ chemical resistance, recycling probability. Applications have been in the fields of industrial exhaust deodorization, agriculture pesticide degradation using sunlight, sterilization of laboratories and hospitals, high-speed train air purification, and so on. The application research progress, problem and future prospect of photo catalytic ceramic foam filter are summarized. Key words: photo catalyst; ceramic foam filter; application; air /water purification 摘要: 高活性的光催化二氧化钛纳米材料与高气孔率的三维多孔泡沫陶瓷材料复合, 得到的光催化泡沫陶瓷过滤器, 具备高活性、大表面积、大通量、以及陶瓷的耐高温、耐化学腐蚀、循环适用性, 在大气/水净化领域率先得到了广泛应用。在工业领域的废气脱臭处理、在农业领域的农药废水太阳光降解、在医疗卫生领域的实验室医院空气杀菌处理、在交通领域的高速列车空气净化等, 已经展开应用。综述了国内外光催化泡沫陶瓷过滤器的应用研究现状、问题及其发展趋势。关键词: 光催化; 泡沫陶瓷过滤器; 应用研究; 大气/水净化

建筑材料外文翻译及译文

Building materials Building materials must have certain structural use.it physical properties. First, they must be able to bear load or weight without permanent deformation. When the load on the structural components, components will deformation, it means rope will be stretching or beam will bend. However, when the load is removed, ropes and beams will return to its original position. This kind of material properties is called elasticity. If material is not elastic, then on removing load deformation exist, repeat the loading and unloading eventually increase deformation to structural lose action. All used in building structure in the materials such as stone, brick, wood, aluminum, reinforced concrete and plastic within a certain range of load performance of flexibility. If loading beyond the scope, two things will happen: brittle and plastic. If it is the former, the material will suddenly destruction; If the latter, in certain load (yield strength) material has begun to yield flow, resulting in destruction. For example, steel, stone material is brittle present plastic. Materials by the damage occurred when the ultimate strength of stress decision. Construction materials and an important characteristic is its stiffness. This feature by elastic modulus decision. Stress (per unit of area, the force) and the strain (per unit length ratio of the deformation) is elastic modulus. Elastic modulus is characterize material under load shape-shifting abilities. For two have the same area and load of the same material. Elastic modulus big materials little deformation. Structure with steel of elastic modulus is pounds per square inch or kg per square centimeter, aluminum, concrete 3 times of ten times, wood 15 times. Masonry. Masonry from natural materials such as stone and artificial materials such as brick, concrete blocks composed. Masonry in ancient times is used. Bricks used in city of Babylon not religious buildings, stone material used in large temples of the Nile valley. The pyramids of Egypt, high 481 feet (147m), is the most spectacular masonry structure. Masonry unit initial without using any binding materials piled up, and modern masonry structure as binder materials. Water mud Modern structure material including stone, red-roast clay brick or tiles, the concrete blocks.

常见的有机化学基团名称翻译

有机化学基团名称翻译 A 伸乙烷合萘基;伸二氢苊基acenaphtheneylene 亚乙烷合萘基;亚二氢苊基acenaphthenylidene 醋酰胺基;乙酰胺基acetamido; acetamino 乙炔基acetenyl;ethynyl 乙酰乙酰基acetoacetyl 丙酮基acetonyl 亚丙酮基acetonylidene 乙酰氧基acetoxy 乙酰基acetyl 乙酰亚胺基acetylimino 酸硝基aci-nitro 吖啶基acridinyl 丙烯酰基acrylyl; acryloyl 己二酰基adipoyl; adipyl 脲[基]羰基;脲甲酰基allophanyl; allophanoyl 烯丙基allyl 甲脒基amidino; guanyl 酰胺基amido 酰胺草酰基;草酰胺酰基amidoxalyl; oxamoyl 胺基amino 戊基amyl; pentyl 伸戊基amylene 亚戊基amylidene 亚戊基amylidene; pentylidene 苯胺基anilino 大茴香亚甲基;对甲氧苯亚甲基;对甲氧亚苄基anisal; anisylidene 甲氧苯胺基anisidino 大茴香酰基;对甲氧苯甲酰基;对甲氧苄酰基anisoyl 大茴香亚甲基;对甲氧亚苄基;对甲氧苯亚甲基anisylidene; p-methoxybenzylidene; anisal 邻胺苯甲酰基;邻胺苄酰基anthraniloyl; anthranoyl 蒽基anthranyl; anthryl 蒽醌基anthraquinonyl 伸蒽基;次蒽基anthrylene 精胺酰基arginyl 亚胂酸基arsinico 胂基arsino 胂酸基arsono 亚胂基arsylene 细辛基;2,4,5-三甲氧苯基asaryl; 2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 天[门]冬酰胺酰基asparaginyl; asparagyl 天[门]冬胺酰基aspartyl 阿托酰基;颠茄酰基;2-苯丙烯酰基atropoyl 壬二酰基azelaxyl 迭氮基;三氮基azido; triazo 偶氮亚胺基azimino; azimido 次偶氮基azino 偶氮基azo 氧偶氮基azoxy B 苯亚甲基;亚苄基benzal 苯甲酰胺基;苄酰胺基benzamido 苯亚磺酰基benzene sulfinyl; phenylsulfinyl 苯磺酰胺基benzenesulfonamido 苯磺酰基benzenesulfonyl 次苄基benzenyl; benzylidyne 二苯甲基benzhydryl; diphenylmethyl 二苯亚甲基benzhydrylidene; diphenylmethylene 联苯胺基benzidino 亚苄基;苯亚甲基benzilidene 二苯羟乙酰基benziloyl 苯并咪唑基benzimidazolyl 苯甲酰亚胺基benzimido; benzoylimino 亚胺苄基benzimidoyl; benzimidoyle 苯并呋喃基;熏草基benzofuryl 苯并哌喃基benzopyranyl 苯并【口+咢】【口+井】基benzoxazinyl 苯并【口+咢】唑基benzoxazolyl 苯甲酰氧基;苄酰氧基benzoxy; benzoyloxy 苯甲酰基;苄酰基benzoyl 伸苯甲酰基benzoylene 苯甲酰亚胺基benzoylimino; benzimido 苯甲酰氧基benzoyloxy; benzoxy 苄基;苯甲基benzyl 亚苄基;苯亚甲基benzylidene; benzylene; benzal 次苄基;苯次甲基benzylidyne; benzenyl 联苯基biphenylyl 【草(之上)+伯】基;龙脑基;冰片基;莰基bornyl; camphenyl 丁二烯基butadienyl 次丁烯基butenylidyne 丁氧基butoxy 丁基butyl 伸丁基butylene 亚丁基butylidene

外文翻译外文资料和译文

. . XX大学XXXXXXX 外文资料和译文专业：软件工程班级：软件XXXXX 姓名：XXXXX 学号：XXXXXXXXXXXXXX 指导教师：XXXXXXXX 2009 年 12 月 17 日

原文 1.1 A JSP technology overview Let's begin by talking a little about how JSP pages work. We're going to keep it simple and focus on some of the basics. For more information, see Resources for links to additional JSP technology information. In the traditional sense, JSP pages look very much like HTML pages, with a few extra tags. These tags allow the designer to embed Java code (not JavaScript) in the page itself. A Web application server, like the IBM WebSphere Application Server, will intercept requests for JSP pages. It's tipped off to their existence by the page's extension: .jsp (not .html). The Web application server then preprocesses the JSP page, taking out the JSP tags and any embedded Java code, leaving only the HTML. The extracted JSP tags and embedded Java code are used to build a Java servlet (JSP page servlet) that runs the code and inserts the results back into the original page where the JSP tags used to be. The result is pure HTML. The Java is stripped out and run on the server before the requesting browser sees any result. We can apply the same principle to an XML page. Before the requester of the JSP page containing XML ever sees the XML (be it a browser or some other B2B application), the Java code is stripped out of the JSP page and used to generate additional content, which is inserted back into the page at the points where the JSP tags used to reside. This feature gives you the ability to control exactly where new content is to be inserted, down to the character. We'll look at how to make this work in a minute. First, let's consider why you might want to create dynamic XML using JSP. Why not simply write a Java application or servlet to generate the entire document? Why bother with JSP at all? The most important reason, providing only portions of an XML document are dynamic, is that it makes sense not to regenerate that