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二十国集团落实2030年可持续发展议程行动计划(中英对照)

二十国集团落实2030年可持续发展议程行动计划(中英对照)
二十国集团落实2030年可持续发展议程行动计划(中英对照)

二十国集团落实2030年可持续发展议程行动计划

G20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

根据二十国集团(G20)安塔利亚峰会决定,G20承诺将自身工作与2030年可持续发展议程进一步衔接,努力消除贫困,实现可持续发展,构建包容和可持续的未来,并确保在此进程中不让任何一个人掉队。此行动计划以及其中的高级别原则,将推进全球落实2030年可持续发展议程,包括落实可持续发展目标和《亚的斯亚贝巴发展筹资行动议程》。

The G20 is committed to further aligning its work with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to ensure that no one is left behind in our efforts to eradicate poverty, achieve sustainable development and build an inclusive and sustainable future for all, as confirmed at the Antalya Summit. This Action Plan, including the High Level Principles, contributes to global efforts to implement the 2030 Agenda, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda on Financing for Development (AAAA).

落实2030年可持续发展议程的高级别原则

High Level Principles on the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda

确认全球于2015年9月通过的具有普遍性、富有雄心的2030年可持续发展议程,再次承诺遵守可持续发展议程确定的所有原则,并为落实可持续发展议程做出贡献。G20将继续促进强劲、可持续和平衡增长,保护地球免于毁坏,并与低收入和发展中国家加强合作。G20成员将确保它们的集体努力产生积极的全球影响,有助于有效落实可持续发展议程,平衡和协调推进可持续发展的三大领域。

Recognizing the historic global consensus reached with the adoption of the universal and ambitious 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in September 2015, and recommitting to all the principles of the 2030 Agenda, the G20 commits to contributing to its implementation. G20 efforts will continue to promote strong, sustainable and balanced growth, protect the planet from degradation, and further cooperate with low income and developing countries. G20 members will ensure that their collective efforts make positive global impact towards effective implementation of the 2030 Agenda in all three dimensions of sustainable development in a balanced and integrated manner.

G20将侧重于可持续发展议程所涵盖、自身作为全球经济合作论坛具有比较优势和能够带来附加价值的领域和议题。在可持续发展议程的整体框架下,G20的比较优势在于通过其号召力和集体行动力,在全球最高层面实施和支持包括宏观经济框架在内的相关倡议,并创造有利的国际环境。The G20 will focus on sectors and themes of the 2030 Agenda where it has comparative advantage and can add value as a global forum for economic cooperation. Within the overall sustainable development agenda, the G20’s comparative advantage lies in its convening power and its collective ability to adopt and support initiatives at the highest global level, including those that involve macro-economic framework, and to create the global enabling environment.

为此,G20将遵循以下高级别原则,为落实可持续发展议程作出贡献:

In this regard the G20 contribution to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda will be guided by the following high level principles:

发挥G20作为全球经济论坛的比较优势,通过我们在国内和国外层面的国别和集体努力落实2030

年可持续发展议程,包括落实可持续发展目标和《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》。

Implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda (AAAA), through our collective and individual efforts, at home and abroad, in a way that makes use of the comparative advantage of the G20 as a global economic forum.

重申可持续发展议程具有普遍、变革、不可分割、融合的特性,以及不让任何一个人掉队、在地球上生活的每个人享有尊严、实现以人为中心的可持续发展的重要性。

Reaffirm the universality of the 2030 Agenda, its transformative, indivisible and integrated nature, the importance of leaving no one behind, the dignity of every person on the planet, and people-centered sustainable development.

各国根据国内优先事项、需要和能力落实可持续发展议程,在国际上构建免于恐惧和暴力的和平、公正、包容的社会,支持低收入国家和发展中国家在实现可持续发展目标方面取得进展, 包括消除贫困和饥饿等。

Implement the 2030 Agenda domestically according to national priorities, needs and capacities, and internationally in fostering peaceful, just and inclusive societies which are free from fear and violence, and in supporting low income and developing countries to generate progress towards achieving the SDGs which includes eradicating poverty and hunger.

认识到全面、平衡、协调推进可持续发展三大领域(经济、环境、社会)的重要性,决心在适用的情况下,把可持续发展与我们的国内政策规划以及国际发展合作有机结合。Recognize the importance of sustainable development in all its dimensions (economic, environmental and social) in a balanced and integrated manner, and resolve to integrate sustainable development into our domestic policies and plans as well as our international development efforts, as applicable.

根据可持续发展议程的要求,促进持续、包容和可持续的增长,创造全社会各方面均受益的高生产率就业和体面工作,并建立有效的治理和问责机制,这对全面消除贫困、促进可持续发展和实现可持续发展目标至关重要。

Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable growth consistent with the 2030 Agenda that creates productive employment and decent work and benefits all segments of our societies, as well as effective governance and accountable institutions which are essential to the eradication of poverty and hunger, promotion of sustainable development and achieving the SDGs in an integrated manner.

致力于采取集体政策措施实现全球发展,这些措施应体现包容,尊重各国主导权和优先事项,注重实现务实和互利共赢的成果,保持开放、灵活和透明。

Devote ourselves to take collective policy actions to the pursuit of global development that are inclusive, respect country ownership and national priorities, focusing on concrete results, mutually beneficial and win-win outcomes, openness, flexibility and transparency.

动员和负责任地使用来自国内和国际、公共和私营部门的所有资金,以促进全球可持续发展伙伴关系重振活力并得以强化。根据《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》和可持续发展议程,通过开展南北合作、南南合作和三方合作,以及在技术交流和能力建设方面的国际合作,加强国际社会对有效、有针对性的能力建设的支持,帮助发展中国家实现所有可持续发展目标。

Promote a revitalized and enhanced global partnership for sustainable development including through the mobilization and responsible use of all sources of financing – domestic and international, public and private, and enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacity-building in developing countries to achieve all the SDGs, including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation, as well as international cooperation on technology and capacity building, consistent with the AAAA and the 2030 Agenda.

根据可持续发展议程,支持构建政府、私营部门、民间社会、学术界和国际组织参与的全球发展伙伴关系。

Support international development partnerships that engage governments, private sector, civil society, academia and international organizations, in line with the 2030 Agenda.

承认各国动员和有效利用本国资源促进发展的重要性,重申我们各自的官方发展援助承诺,包括许多发达国家在可持续发展议程中所做的承诺。

Recognize the importance that countries mobilize and effectively use their own domestic resources to further their own development, and reaffirm our respective official development assistance (ODA) commitments, including the commitment by many developed countries as established in the 2030 Agenda.

实现性别平等、妇女和女童赋权。

Achieve gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls.

确保和加强G20工作的协调性和政策一致性,从而实现G20所有工作都有助于取得可持续发展成果。

Ensure and strengthen the coordination and policy coherence on G20 work that contributes to sustainable development outcomes across all G20 work streams.

加强G20相关工作机制的工作协调,并通过现有的问责进程和后续机制推进我们的集体行动,推动可持续发展议程的落实。

Work across the relevant G20 working groups and streams in order to contribute to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda by following up on our collective actions through existing accountability processes and follow-up mechanisms.

支持联合国可持续发展高级别政治论坛领导下的实施和评估进程,并在此框架下报告落实进展情况。

Support efforts to report on the implementation progress of the 2030 Agenda in the context of the UN follow-up and review process, led by the High Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development.

行动计划工作范围

Scope of the Action Plan

考虑到可持续发展议程的普遍性,G20成员将通过在国家和国际层面的国别和集体行动,采取大胆的变革举措为落实可持续发展议程做出贡献。这些行动能够推进可持续发展成果,支持低收入和发展中国家根据本国优先事项落实可持续发展议程,并帮助提供全球公共产品。

Given the universality of the 2030 Agenda, G20 members contribute to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda by taking bold transformative steps through both collective and individual concrete actions at international and domestic levels. These actions can advance sustainable development outcomes, support low income and developing countries to implement the 2030 Agenda according to their national priorities, and enable the provision of global public goods.

通过找到共同关心的问题、鼓励政策对话、加强政策一致性和政策协调,G20的集体行动将围绕“可持续发展领域”展开。这些领域包括基础设施,农业、粮食安全和营养、人力资源开发和就业、普惠金融和侨汇、国内资源动员、工业化、包容性商业、能源、贸易和投资、反腐败、国际金融架构、增长战略、气候资金和绿色金融、创新、全球卫生。行动计划所列举的这些“可持续发展领域”体现了G20当前和中长期承诺,将根据未来G20主席国的优先事项进行更新和调整。By identifying issues of common concern and encouraging policy dialogue, coherence and coordination, G20 collective actions are framed around Sustainable Development Sectors (SDS) including Infrastructure, Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition, Human Resource Development and Employment, Financial Inclusion and Remittances, Domestic Resource Mobilization, Industrialization, Inclusive Business, Energy, Trade and Investment, Anti-Corruption, International Financial Architecture, Growth Strategies, Climate Finance and Green Finance, Innovation, and Global Health. These SDS outlined in the Action Plan reflect ongoing, mid and long-term G20 commitments and are intended to be updated and adapted to reflect successive G20 presidency priorities.

行动计划只是一个起点,它没有涵盖可持续发展目标涉及的所有领域,将根据未来G20主席国提出的倡议,新出现的需求、经验和挑战,例如移民和其他问题,作出更新和调整。行动计划是根据可持续发展议程制定的为期15年的“动态文件”。

The Action Plan is a starting point and is not intended to cover all SDGs in a comprehensive manner. It will be open to updates to accommodate deliverables brought forward by subsequent presidencies, and to new emerging needs, lessons and challenges, such as migration or other issues. The Action Plan is a living document with a timeframe of 15 years, consistent with the 2030 Agenda.

G20可持续发展集体行动

G20 Collective Actions for Sustainable Development

“可持续发展领域”展现出G20在发展领域的长期努力,对经济问题的重视,以及为解决全球关切的可持续发展问题所作出的集体努力。以G20强劲、可持续、平衡增长议程和G20跨年度发展议程(《首尔发展共识》、《圣彼得堡发展展望》、《G20——低收入和发展中国家框架》)为基础,这些“可持续发展领域”描述了G20通过采取集体行动,推动实现经济、社会、环境可持续发展和消除贫困等可持续发展目标的情况。需要强调的是,“可持续发展领域”认为G20所有的工作机制都具有为可持续发展议程作出贡献的潜力,并将根据未来新的情况进行调整。“可持续发展领域”涉及的跨领域要素包括:执行手段(尤其是资金、技术、能力建设等可持续发展议程及其可持续发展目标和《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》中达成共识的内容),性别平等主流化问题和女性政治、经济赋权问题,保护地球及其自然资源。

Sustainable Development Sectors (SDS) reflect the G20’s long standing efforts on development, its economic focus, and collective strength to address issues of global concern and increasingly linked towards sustainable development. Drawing on the G20 agenda for strong, sustainable and balanced growth and the G20's multi-year development agenda (Seoul Development Consensus, St Petersburg

Development Outlook and the G20 - Low Income and Developing Countries Framework), these SDS capture the G20's collective actions towards sustainable development in its economic, social and environmental dimensions and poverty eradication as addressed in the 2030 Agenda. Importantly, SDS recognize that all G20 work streams have the potential to contribute to realizing the 2030 Agenda and will be further developed according to emerging priorities. Cross-cutting elements within these SDS include: the Means of Implementation, including, inter alia, finance, technology and capacity building, as agreed in the 2030 Agenda and its SDGs and the AAAA, the systematic mainstreaming of gender equality and women’s political and economic empowerment, and the protection of the planet and its natural resources.

以下章节概述了G20在“可持续发展领域”的行动,发展工作组将同其他工作机制一道,于2017年G20峰会前提交一份全面具体的行动清单,梳理G20有关行动对落实2030年可持续发展议程的贡献。

The below section outlines G20 activities in these SDS, and the Development Working Group (DWG), together with other work streams, will further develop a list of comprehensive and concrete actions that contribute to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda before next G20 Summit in 2017.

基础设施

Infrastructure

落实2030年可持续发展议程需在各领域加强对可持续基础设施的投资(可持续发展目标6、7、9、11)。这些投资有助于实现全球经济增长,消除贫困,应对气候变化挑战及其影响(可持续发展目标1、3、8、13)。G20基础设施领域工作由投资和基础设施工作组、发展工作组牵头,根据《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》(14、47段),致力于促进基础设施投资、解决数据鸿沟、提升投资环境、加强有关倡议间的合力。有关工作得到包括世界银行及其他多边开发银行、全球基础设施投资中心、经合组织、国际货币基金组织等各方的支持。G20已于2016年启动“全球基础设施互联互通联盟倡议”,致力于加强现有基础设施互联互通倡议,包括区域倡议间的融合与合作。G20欢迎《多边开发银行关于支持基础设施投资行动的联合愿景声明》,包括高质量基础设施项目的量化目标。G20鼓励多边开发银行继续优化资产负债表,并帮助各国动员更多公共部门和私营部门资源,以推动在基础设施等领域更好落实2030年可持续发展议程。

Implementing the 2030 Agenda will require new investments in sustainable infrastructure across a wide range of sectors (SDGs 6, 7, 9, 11, 12) . Such investments will impact positively on global efforts on economic growth, poverty eradication and combating climate change and its impacts (SDG 1, 3, 8, 13). In line with the Addis Ababa Action Agenda (paras 14, 47), the G20 has established work on infrastructure led by the Investment and Infrastructure Working Group (IIWG) and the Development Working Group (DWG), which aims to advance infrastructure investment, address data gaps, improve investment climate, and exploit synergies across different initiatives. This work is supported by stakeholders including the World Bank, other multilateral development banks (MDBs), the Global Infrastructure Hub (GIH), OECD, and IMF. The G20 has launched the Global Infrastructure Connectivity Alliance Initiative in 2016 aiming to enhance synergies and cooperation of existing infrastructure connectivity initiatives, including those at regional level. The G20 welcomes the MDBs' joint declaration of aspiration on actions to support infrastructure investment, including the quantitative ambitions for high quality infrastructure projects. The G20 encourages continued progress on the optimization of MDBs balance sheets, as well as on MDB's support for countries to mobilize more

public and private resources in order to contribute to the effective implementation of the 2030 Agenda including but not limited to infrastructure.

(Note: Where specific goals/ targets are referenced in this Action Plan it is recognized that the SDGs are an integrated agenda, and that the Global Partnership underpins the implementation of all of the goals. The specific references given in this section are not intended to limit the scope of the goals themselves.)

G20将采取措施落实有关承诺,建设可持续的、富有韧性的、安全的、高质量的基础设施,以促进经济发展,造福人类。G20将同有关国际组织和多边开发银行一道,采取政策措施,通过动员公共和私营部门资金,弥补全球基础设施鸿沟,促进全球基础设施互联互通,帮助低收入和发展中国家建设可持续的、富有韧性的基础设施。为此,G20将继续积极参与全球基础设施论坛的有关工作。

The G20 will take steps to deliver on its commitments of developing sustainable, resilient, safe and quality infrastructure to support economic development and human well-being. Along with relevant international organizations and MDBs, it will aim to promote policy options that bridge the global infrastructure gap including through mobilizing both public and private finance, promote global infrastructure connectivity, and facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in low income and developing countries. The G20 will also continue to actively participate in the work of the Global Infrastructure Forum towards this end.

农业、粮食安全与营养

Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition

可持续农业同粮食安全与营养、卫生、就业、经济发展、环境等联系紧密,对实现多个可持续发展目标(2、8、9、10、12、13、15)意义重大。G20承诺推进可持续农业和农村发展,使人人特别是贫困和脆弱群体享有粮食安全与营养,承诺应对粮食价格波动,减少粮食损失和浪费,支持G20测算及减少粮食损失和浪费技术平台。《G20粮食安全与营养框架》以可持续发展目标为依据,确定了3个多年期优先事项,包括增加负责任的投资、增加收入并提供高质量就业、可持续地提高生产力。这一框架正通过执行计划和《粮食安全和可持续粮食系统行动计划》,以及2016年农业部长会议有关成果予以落实。(参考《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》13、108、121段)Sustainable agriculture, through its links to food security and nutrition, health, employment, economic development and environment, contributes significantly to achieving a wide range of SDGs (2, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15). The G20 has committed to promote sustainable agriculture and rural development, improve global food security and nutrition for all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable groups, tackle the issue of food price volatility, and reduce food loss and waste throughout food value chains by supporting the G20 Technical Platform on the Measurement and Reduction of Food Loss and Waste. The G20 Food Security and Nutrition Framework sets three multi-year priorities aligned with the SDGs: increasing responsible investment; increasing incomes and providing quality employment; and increasing productivity in a sustainable manner. This Framework is being implemented including through the Implementation Plan and the Action Plan on Food Security and Sustainable Food Systems and the outcomes of the 2016 G20 Agriculture Minister's meeting. (cf. AAAA paras 13, 108, 121).

G20将推动消除饥饿和任何形式的营养不良,落实有关计划和项目,推动实现与农业相关的可持续发展目标并关注与其他可持续发展目标的联系,为全球负责任农业投资创造更好环境,为农业

创新和信息技术应用提供便利,减少粮食损失和浪费,推动可持续粮食生产系统和富有韧性的农业实践,以提升生产力并维护生态系统。G20将特别关注小农、家庭农民、小规模生产者、妇女和青年。G20将继续支持和强化有关项目,帮助农民和粮食系统应对包括气候变化负面影响在内当前和未来的各项挑战,推动农业市场信息系统(AMIS)、农业风险管理平台(PARM)、G20农业首席科学家会议(MACS)、农业效果(AgResults)、全球农业和粮食安全计划(GAFSP)等可持续农业发展倡议。

The G20 will contribute to end hunger, poverty and all forms of malnutrition, implement plans and programs regarding the agriculture-related SDGs while paying due attention to the links with other SDGs, improve the global environment for responsible agricultural investment, facilitate innovation and ICT application in agriculture, reduce food loss and waste, and promote sustainable food production systems and resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and help maintain ecosystems. It will pay special attention to smallholders, family farmers, and small-scale producers, and women and youth. It will continue to support and strengthen programmes that prepare farmers and the food systems for present and future challenges, including the adverse effects of climate change, and initiatives that promote sustainable agricultural development including the Agricultural Market Information System (AMIS), the Platform for Agricultural Risk Management (PARM), the Meeting of G20 Agricultural Chief Scientists (MACS), AgResults and the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program (GAFSP).

人力资源开发和就业

Human Resources Development and Employment

G20强调通过统一措施和全面政策为所有人创造更多的、体面的、高质量的就业机会,以实现充分的高生产率就业,(可持续发展目标8)。在G20成员和非G20成员中,通过教育、高质量学徒制、职业技术培训和终身制学习,开发人力资源仍是一项重要任务(可持续发展目标4)。G20正致力于推动以可持续方式提升国内外具有就业所需技术和职业技能的青年和成年数量。G20通过了加强人力资源开发与G20就业工作组政策统一性和协调性的跨年度框架。G20也通过了促进高质量就业框架、技能战略、培训战略、促进更好的青年就业政策原则。G20将根据各国情况,努力实现在2025年前将永久性脱离劳动力市场风险最大的年轻人比例降低15%,男女劳动力参与率之间的差距缩小25%,为2030年可持续发展议程贡献力量(可持续发展目标4、5、8)。G20承诺分享良好实践,以应对国际劳动力流动和人口老龄化给劳动力市场带来的机遇和挑战。G20正努力实现经济增长的可持续性、包容性以及就业充足性,为此G20支持以促进就业为国内经济和社会发展战略的重点,并采取全面协调措施,展开务实行动,提升经济、就业、社会政策之间的协调,鼓励创新,提升就业能力,促进高质量学徒制,鼓励创业(可持续发展目标10;《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》16、37、41段)。

The G20 has put a strong emphasis on promoting more, decent and quality jobs, through an integrated approach and comprehensive policies to achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all (SDG 8). Human resource development through education, quality apprenticeships and training to enhance vocational skills development and lifelong learning, both in G20 countries and non-G20 countries, remains a high priority (SDG 4). The G20 has been working on human resources development both at home and abroad to substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant technical and vocational skills for employment. It adopted the Multi-Year Framework for Policy Coherence and Coordination on Human Resource Development between the G20 Development and Employment Working Groups. It also adopted the Framework on Promoting Quality Jobs, Skills Strategy, Training Strategy and the Policy Principles for Promoting Better Youth Employment Outcomes. G20

efforts to reduce the share of young people who are most at risk of being permanently left behind in the labour market by 15% by 2025, and reduce the gender gap in the labour force participation by 25 percent by 2025 in their countries, taking into account the national circumstances, are critical contributions to the 2030 Agenda (SDGs 4, 5, 8). G20 has also committed to sharing good practices to address opportunities and challenges for labour markets posed by international labour mobility and aging of populations. As the G20 is seeking to ensure that growth is sustainable, inclusive and job-rich, it supports a comprehensive and coordinated approach which places employment promotion as the priority in national economic and social development strategies and commits to enhancing coherence between economic, labour, employment, and social policies, as well as encouraging innovation, enhancing employability, promoting quality apprenticeship and entrepreneurship through practical actions (SDG 10; cf. AAAA paras 16, 37, 41).

G20支持采取统筹政策,通过培训等方式,促进普惠、高效的技能职业教育培训。G20将尊重各国情况,促进充分生产性就业,使人人享有体面工作,鼓励创业,重视社会保障。G20将认真审视增长战略和就业计划,确保政策统一,将采取行动应对不平等问题,支持包容性增长,可持续地减少男女劳动力参与差距和青年脱离劳动力市场、教育和培训的比例。G20将在尊重各国国情的情况下,保护劳动权利,促进所有劳动者享有安全工作环境。

The G20 will support integrated policies to promote accessible and effective technical and vocational training and acquisition including through training systems. It will also promote full and productive employment and decent work for all, entrepreneurship, and social protection in line with national conditions. It will review growth strategies and employment plans to ensure policy coherence, strengthen actions against inequality and in support of inclusive growth, and keep its priority on substantially reducing the gender gap in labour force participation and the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training, protecting labour rights and promoting safe working environment for all workers taking into account national circumstances.

普惠金融和侨汇

Financial Inclusion and Remittances

G20在普惠金融和侨汇领域,重在为所有人提供充分且平等使用正规金融服务的机会,提高金融知识普及度和金融教育,加强消费者保护,促进数字普惠金融,减少侨汇交易成本,帮助减少贫困和不平等(可持续发展目标1、10),促进包容性增长(可持续发展目标8;《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》39、40段)。普惠金融全球伙伴关系(GPFI)正致力于扩大金融服务的受益面,使不曾享有服务的人群特别是青年和妇女能够使用,并应对G20成员及非G20成员国内中小企业融资面临的金融体系挑战和法律不确定性。

Financial inclusion and remittances activities in the G20, focusing on providing full and equal access to formal financial services for all, enhancing financial literacy and education and consumers protection, promoting digital financial inclusion, and reducing the cost of transferring remittances, help reduce poverty and inequality (SDG 1,10) and foster inclusive growth (SDG 8, AAAA paras 39, 40). The Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion (GPFI) is working on expanding access to financial services as well as usage for those formerly excluded, particularly youth and women, and addressing financial system challenges and legal uncertainties around SMEs financing in both G20 and non-G20 countries.

G20将以事实为基础,继续在个体和中小企业中挖掘可持续发展普惠金融的实践案例,包括研究

如何让数字技术为被排除在外的人群提供可负担的服务。G20承诺继续推进侨汇国别计划,使移民侨汇成本降至3%以下,消除成本高于5%的侨汇地带(可持续发展目标10;《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》40段),并应对金融机构去风险化行为可能带来的潜在负面影响。

The G20 will continue to develop evidence-based practices on sustainably increasing financial inclusion, both for individual and SMEs, including considering how digital technologies can offer affordable opportunities for the financially excluded. The G20 remains committed to National Remittances Plans as an important step towards helping to reduce the transaction cost of migrant remittances to less than 3 per cent and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent (SDG 10, AAAA para 40) and addressing the potential negative impact of risk re-evaluation by financial institutions, commonly known as "de-risking".

国内资源动员

Domestic Resource Mobilization

动员和有效利用国内资源对于可持续发展筹资至关重要。G20承诺加强国内资源动员,继续开展国际税收合作,为低收入和发展中国家提供国际支持,完善国内税收政策监管体系,更好收集利润信息和数据,打击非法资金流动(可持续发展目标17;《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》22、23段)。以落实G20/经合组织税基侵蚀和利润转移项目(BEPS)和自动情报交换(AEOI)为基础,深化国际税收合作,以确保各国国家税收部门间的包容性合作与对话,包括国际税收标准的制定、监测和落实方面的区域合作(《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》27、29段)。G20通过了加强低收入和发展中国家税收能力的行动倡议,帮助有关国家参与上述活动,动员国内资源。G20欢迎国际货币基金组织、经合组织、联合国和世界银行税收合作平台的有关承诺,制定工具箱和报告,为实施税基侵蚀和利润转移标准有困难的国家提供指导。G20赞赏有关国际组织关于加强发展中国家税收利润数据统计和税收能力的倡议,包括税收管理诊断评价工具和无国界税收稽查员倡议。G20鼓励各成员支持“亚的斯税收倡议”,支持低收入和发展中国家加入税基侵蚀和利润转移包容性框架。The mobilization and effective use of domestic resources are central to financing sustainable development. The G20 affirms its commitment to strengthening domestic resource mobilization, continuing international cooperation on tax including through international support to low income and developing countries, improving domestic tax policies administration systems and better collection of revenues and statistics, and combating illicit financial flows (SDG 17, AAAA paras 22, 23). Building on the implementation of the G20/OECD Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Project and the Automatic Exchange of Information (AEOI), the G20 aims to deepen international tax cooperation to ensure inclusive cooperation and dialogue among national tax authorities including regional cooperation in setting, monitoring and implementing international taxation standards (AAAA paras 27- 29). The G20 has also adopted a Call to Action to help strengthen tax capacity in low income and developing countries to help them participate in these initiatives and mobilize domestic resources for development. The G20 welcomes commitment by IMF, OECD, UN and World Bank Group Platform for Collaboration on Taxation to develop the set of toolkits and reports to improve guidance for low capacity countries in implementing BEPS standards. It also commends the international organizations’ initiatives for strengthening tax revenue statistics and tax capacity in developing countries such as the Tax Administration Diagnostic Assessment Tool and the Initiative on Tax Inspectors without Borders. The G20 encourages its members to support the principles of the Addis Tax Initiative, and supports low income and developing countries to join the BEPS Inclusive Framework.

G20将加强国际合作以增强国内利润监管,提升税收系统的公正性、透明度、效率和有效性,呼

吁有关国际组织就此进一步提供建议和计划。G20将在现有工作基础上,支持低收入和发展中国家参与国际税收合作,开展更多有效的税收能力建设项目,应对非法资金流动问题。

The G20 will further strengthen international cooperation to enhance domestic revenue administration and improve the fairness, transparency, efficiency and effectiveness of tax systems, and call on relevant international organizations to make further recommendations and plans in this regard. It will amplify efforts to support low income and developing countries to participate in international cooperation on tax matters and develop more effective tax capacity building programs and tackle illicit financial flows.

工业化Industrialization

G20关注工业化问题,特别是非洲和最不发达国家情况,这有助于落实可持续发展目标(9),构建一个重振活力和强化的全球伙伴关系(《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》15、45段)。G20正在探索支持非洲和最不发达国家以可持续、包容和透明的方式向工业化转型的方法,帮助其促进增长,创造就业,推进包容和可持续发展。

The G20's focus on supporting industrialization, especially in Africa and Least Developed Countries (LDCs), contributes towards the SDGs (9) and a revitalized and enhanced global partnership (AAAA paras 15, 45). The G20 is exploring ways that it can support sustainable, inclusive and transparent transformation processes towards industrialization in Africa and LDCs that can boost growth, create jobs, and promote inclusiveness and sustainable development.

G20将考虑新形式的国际发展伙伴关系和集体行动,以提升可持续的工业化生产能力,构建富有韧性的工业相关服务业、更强的中小企业和农业相关工业部门。根据各国发展优先事项和G20各成员能力,帮助非洲和最不发达国家加强同全球市场和数字经济的联系。

The G20 will consider new forms of international development partnership and collective actions to promote sustainable industrial productive capacity, a resilient and industry-related services sector, strengthened SME and agro-industry segments and links to the global market and digital economy in Africa and LD Cs, according to their development priorities and the capabilities of the G20 members.

包容性商业

Inclusive business

包容性商业以可持续的、具有商业价值的方式,帮助经济金字塔低端的人群成为经济生产中的消费者和生产者,有助于实现可持续发展目标(1、8、9、10、12、17)并构建重振活力和强化的全球伙伴关系(《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》16,35-37段)。根据《G20领导人包容性商业倡议》,G20成立了全球包容性商业平台,将《G20包容性商业框架》纳入国内发展政策。G20核可了《2016年G20包容性商业报告》。

Inclusive Business helps reach people at the base of the pyramid as consumers and also as producers in a sustainable and commercially viable way, contributing towards SDGs (1, 8, 9, 10, 12, 17) and a revitalized and enhanced global partnership (AAAA paras 16, 35-37). In line with the G20 Leaders' Call on Inclusive Business, the G20 has launched the Global Platform on Inclusive Business and continues to promote knowledge and learning for policy makers to promote Inclusive Business, including by applying the G20 Inclusive Business Framework in their domestic contexts and development policies. The G20 has endorsed the Inclusive Business Report for the 2016 Summit.

G20将继续创造条件,促进G20成员、非G20成员尤其是低收入和发展中国家、公共部门、私营

部门、研究机构间的学习、对话、经验和良好实践分享,开发有效务实的政策工具,为包容性商业发展创造良好生态环境,鼓励推广包容性商业并用其替代旧模式,以实现可持续发展。

The G20 will continue facilitating learning, dialogue and exchanges of experiences and good practices among members, non-G20 countries especially low income and developing countries, the public sector, the private sector, and research institutes, with the objective of developing effective policy instruments and practical tools, promoting enabling ecosystems for inclusive business and encouraging its replication and scaling-up towards sustainable development.

能源

Energy

在能源合作原则指导下,G20在能源可及性、清洁能源和能效等领域开展工作,为2030年可持续发展议程系列目标的落实提供支持(可持续发展目标7、9、12、13;《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》31、49段)。2015年,《G20能源可及性行动计划:能源可及性自愿合作》根据全球能源可及性目标,首先聚焦撒哈拉以南非洲地区。2016年,这一工作扩展至亚太地区并将在未来延伸至其他地区。G20承诺将自愿采取切实行动,实施系列政策,采取金融和技术手段,提升这些区域的能源可及性。2015年通过的“G20可再生能源开发自愿选择工具包”为提升可再生能源应用提供了自愿选择的工具。2016年《G20可再生能源自愿行动计划》致力于通过制定能源战略,推动可再生能源运用,促进可再生能源生产和利用领域投资的便利化,可持续地提升可再生能源在全球能源结构中的比重。根据2014年《G20能效行动计划》,G20在2016年制定了《G20能效引领计划》,致力于推动更多的能效合作,鼓励G20成员根据自身需要和本国国情,积极开展能效项目,采取有关政策和措施,大力提高G20成员的能效水平。G20承诺逐步规范和取消低效的、鼓励浪费的化石燃料补贴,同时向最贫困人口提供有针对性的支持。

Guided by the Principles on Energy Collaboration, G20 efforts on energy, including on access to energy, clean energy and energy efficiency, support a wide range of goals of the 2030 Agenda (SDGs 7, 9, 12, 13; AAAA paras 31, 49). In 2015, the G20 Energy Access Action Plan: V oluntary Collaboration on Energy Access put an initial focus on the Sub-Saharan Africa region aligning with the universal access goal. This effort has been extended to the Asia-Pacific region in 2016 and can be further extended to other regions over time. The G20 commits to take concrete voluntary actions, including utilizing a wide range of policy, financial and technological options, to improve energy access in these regions. The G20 Toolkit of V oluntary Options on Renewable Energy Development in 2015 set out voluntary options for accelerating renewable energy deployment. The G20 V oluntary Action Plan on Renewable Energy in 2016 aims to increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix by developing energy strategies, including renewable energy deployment, and facilitating investment in renewable energy production and use. In line with the G20 Energy Efficiency Action Plan in 2014, the G20 has worked out the G20 Energy Efficiency Leading Program in 2016, which endeavors to significantly improve energy efficiency in the G20, through greater energy efficiency cooperation and by encouraging G20 members to develop active energy efficiency programs, policies and measures based on the specific needs and national circumstances of each member. The G20 is also committed to rationalizing and phasing out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption, recognizing the need to provide targeted support to the poorest.

G20支持人人享有可持续能源的愿景,将继续努力确保人人享有负担得起、可靠、可持续的现代能源。G20将继续落实《G20能源合作原则》,推动现代能源体系和抗风险的、透明的能源市场,

加强在能源可及性、清洁能源和能效领域的合作,推动清洁能源等创新能源技术的投资。The G20 shares the vision of a world of sustainable energy for all and will contribute to ensure universal access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy services. It will continue to implement the Principles on Energy Collaboration, promote modern energy systems and resilient and transparent energy markets, strengthen cooperation on energy access, clean energy and energy efficiency, and promote investment in innovative energy technologies including clean energy technologies.

贸易和投资

Trade and Investment

贸易和投资是推动包容增长的关键引擎(可持续发展目标8)。它们对于过去数十年的发展作出了关键贡献,对消除国家间不平等(可持续发展目标10)和重振可持续发展全球伙伴关系具有关键作用。自金融危机以来,G20多次承诺抵制贸易保护主义,通过以世界贸易组织为核心、强大和运转良好的多边贸易体系完善全球贸易治理,致力于构建开放型世界经济,努力实现贸易自由化和便利化。在世贸组织巴厘岛和内罗毕部长级会议的基础上,G20致力于迅速落实巴厘岛会议和内罗毕会议成果。为指导内罗毕会议后世贸组织以发展为核心的工作,并考虑到有关特殊和有区别的待遇规定不可或缺,G20重申其承诺,将优先推动多哈发展议程剩余议题谈判。G20愿与所有世贸组织成员一道,增强紧迫感,团结一致为世贸组织第十一次部长级会议及未来取得平衡、包容和透明的积极成果努力。G20注意到很多区域贸易协定中涉及的问题和G20工商界提到的议题,在当今世界经济的背景下符合各方利益,因此可成为世贸组织讨论的合理议题,同时应确保其不损害与未来谈判有关的各自立场,并且任何就此类议题发起多边谈判的决定必须由全部世贸组织成员所同意。G20承诺并号召其他世贸组织成员在2016年底前批准《贸易便利化协定》。为加强G20贸易和投资合作机制,G20将利用新设立的贸易和投资工作组,寻求促进全球贸易增长路径并采取行动,加强投资政策协调合作,并支持帮助低收入和发展中国家和中小企业更好融入全球价值链的行动。为通过贸易和投资促发展,G20成员间应视需要开展更具针对性、更有协调的具体政策,如加强贸易融资的可用性,强化贸易相关技能开发和推动促贸援助倡议。

Trade and investment are essential drivers of inclusive growth (SDG 8). They critically contributed to development over the last decades, and represent a key factor to fight against inequality across countries (SDG 10) and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development (SDG 17, AAAA paras 80-82, 85). Since the outset of the financial crisis, the G20 has repeatedly pledged to resist protectionism, improve global trade governance through a strong and well-functioning multilateral trading system with the WTO at its core, remain committed to an open global economy, and further work towards trade liberalization and facilitation. Building on the WTO's successful Bali and Nairobi Ministerial Conferences, the G20 commits to implement rapidly the Bali and Nairobi outcomes. To guide and shape the WTO's post-Nairobi work, with development at its center, and acknowledging that provisions for special and differential treatment will remain integral, the G20 reaffirms its strong commitment to advance negotiations on the remaining Doha Development Agenda (DDA) issues as a matter of priority. The G20 agrees to work with all WTO members to set the direction together towards achieving positive outcomes at WTO Ministerial Conference 11 and beyond in a balanced, inclusive and transparent way with a sense of urgency and solidarity. It notes that a range of issues, such as those addressed in various Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) and by the B20, may be of common interest and importance to today's global economy, and thus may be legitimate issues for discussions in the WTO, without prejudice to respective positions relating to possible negotiations in the future and bearing in mind that any decision to launch negotiations multilaterally on such issues would need to be agreed by all WTO

Members. The G20 commits to ratify the Trade Facilitation Agreement by the end of 2016 and call on other WTO members to do the same. In order to strengthen its trade and investment cooperation mechanism, the G20 aims to make good use of the newly established Trade and Investment Working Group (TIWG) to identify approaches and actions to promote global trade growth, enhance investment policy coordination and cooperation, and support activities to help low income and developing countries and SMEs better integrate into the Global Value Chains (GVCs). G20 members examined specific policy areas where more targeted and coordinated efforts are needed to leverage trade and investment for development, such as enhancing availability of trade finance, strengthening trade related skills development, and advancing the aid-for-trade initiative.

G20继续致力于一个以规则为基础、透明、非歧视、开放和包容的多边贸易体制。G20成员决心共同强化世贸组织。通过落实《G20全球贸易增长战略》,G20成员将率先垂范,降低贸易成本,促进贸易和投资政策协调、推动服务贸易、提高贸易融资、促进电子商务发展,并推动贸易和发展。G20将继续支持面向发展中国家的促贸援助等机制,包括能力建设援助。为营造开放、透明和有益的全球投资政策环境,G20成员批准非约束性的G20全球投资指导原则,期望这些原则能促进在国家和国际政策制定的协同,为企业提供更高的预见性和确定性以支持其投资决策。

The G20 remains committed to a rules-based, transparent, non-discriminatory, open and inclusive multilateral trading system and G20 members are determined to work together to further strengthen the WTO. By implementing the G20 Strategy for Global Trade Growth, G20 members will lead by example to lower trade costs, harness trade and investment policy coherence, boost trade in services, enhance trade finance, promote e-commerce development, and address trade and development. It will continue to support mechanisms such as aid for trade in developing countries including for capacity building assistance. With the objective of fostering an open, transparent and conducive global policy environment for investment, G20 members endorse on the non-binding G20 Guiding Principles for Global Investment Policymaking, and expect that these may promote coherence in national and international policymaking and provide greater predictability and certainty for business to support their investment decisions.

反腐败

Anti-Corruption

腐败历来被视为发展的障碍,它分散资源、阻碍增长、损害法治并危及国际金融稳定。《G20反腐败行动计划(2017-2018)》专注于通过G20附加价值为减少腐败、腐败资产返还、加强透明度以及减少非法资金流动(可持续发展目标16)作出贡献。这包括加强反腐败法律执行与合作,增加公共和私营部门廉洁和透明度,落实G20反腐败原则,包括追逃追赃相关原则、拒绝避风港、强化国际合作打击高风险领域腐败等(《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》20、25、30段)。

Corruption has long been recognized as an obstacle to development that diverts resources, hinders growth, and undermines the rule of law and international financial stability. The G20 Anti-Corruption Action Plan 2017-2018 focuses its work on where the G20 can best add value to existing international efforts to reduce corruption, recover and return stolen assets, enhance transparency, and reduce illicit financial flows (SDG 16). This includes the improved enforcement of and practical cooperation in the anti-corruption laws, increased integrity and transparency in the public and private sector, the implementation of G20 anti-corruption principles including the principles on cooperation on persons sought for corruption and assets recovery, denial of safe haven, and strengthening of international cooperation and addressing corruption in high risk sectors (AAAA paras 20, 25, 30).

G20将加快落实反腐败优先政策领域,继续致力于大幅减少任何形式的腐败和贿赂,提高法人、法律安排(包括信托)等在内的受益人所有权透明度。G20将致力于构建廉洁的商业环境,拒绝腐败分子避风港。

The G20 will accelerate implementation of anti-corruption priority policy areas, and continue to work to substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all forms as well as to improve beneficial ownership transparency of legal persons and legal arrangements, including trusts. G20 members will work towards a clean business environment and deny safe haven to corrupt officials and those who corrupt them.

国际金融架构

International Financial Architecture

支持全球经济增长和金融稳定、强化国际金融架构是实现可持续发展的基础。自成立以来,G20就致力于推动国际金融架构改革,例如国际货币基金组织和世界银行的改革。加强发展中国家在全球国际经济和金融机构的发言权和参与度,与支持2030年可持续发展议程紧密相连(可持续发展目标10)。G20也已采取措施加强全球金融体系韧性,同时保持其开放和整体架构以及有效的全球金融安全网。G20已决心提升主权债务重组进程的有序性和可预见性,加强债务可持续机制并持续关注低收入和发展中国家的金融稳定。(可持续发展目标17;《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》103、105-107、109段)

The foundation for sustainable development includes supporting global economic growth and financial stability and strengthening the international financial architecture. Since its inception, the G20 has been working on advancing the reform of the international financial architecture, such as reforms at IMF and the World Bank Group, which are well aligned to supporting the 2030 Agenda which calls for strengthening the voice and participation of developing countries in global international economic and financial institutions (SDG 10). The G20 has also taken actions to strengthen the resilience of the global financial system, while preserving its open and integrated structure, and an effective global financial safety net. The G20 has resolved to promoting the orderliness and predictability of sovereign debt restructuring processes and strengthening debt sustainability mechanisms as well as keeping a strong focus on global financial stability in low income and developing countries(cf. SDG 17; AAAA paras 103, 105-107, 109).

G20支持创立更稳定的国际货币金融体系的努力,将与有关国际金融机构在其相应授权内,共同有效回应宏观经济和金融风险,响应低收入发展中国家的需要。G20致力于一个强劲的、以份额为基础的、资源充足的国际货币基金组织,并期待在2017年年会前完成第15次份额总检查。G20同样期待世界银行集团根据商定的路线图和时间表落实股权审议。

The G20 will support efforts to create a more stable international monetary and financial system and closely work with relevant international financial institutions within their respective mandates to further improve effective responses to macroeconomic and financial risks and provide appropriate responses to the needs of low income and developing countries. It is committed to a strong, quota-based, and adequately resourced IMF and looks forward to the completion of the 15th General Review of Quotas by the 2017 Annual Meetings. The G20 also looks forward to the outcomes of the World Bank Group's shareholding review in accordance with the agreed roadmap and time frame.

增长战略

Growth Strategies

G20增长战略在诸多可持续发展目标上(可持续发展目标1、8、10;《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》4、105段)可为实现2030年可持续发展议程作出重要贡献。通过这些战略,G20旨在于2018年前将整体国内生产总值额外提升2%。这将产生正面外溢效应,在开放和融合的全球经济中增加总需求,推动非G20经济体增长。现有的增长议程推动全面落实G20增长战略并进行监测,加大结构性改革力度,确保实施相互支持的需求和供给政策以实现强劲、可持续和平衡增长并减少下行风险,强化公共和私营部门高质量投资,采取集体和国别的财政、货币和结构性政策。这些都是推动落实2030年可持续发展议程的关键。

The G20 growth strategies can make an important contribution to the 2030 Agenda across a wide range of SDGs (1, 8, 10; AAAA paras 4, 105). Through these strategies, the G20 aims to lift G20’s collective GDP by an additional 2 percent by 2018, which could bring positive spillovers boosting non-G20 economies' growth through increased demand in an open and integrated global economy. The current agenda for growth focuses on advancing and monitoring the full implementation of the agreed G20 growth strategies, improving performance on structural reforms, ensuring mutually supportive demand and supply policies to be put in place to deliver strong, sustainable and balanced growth and reduce downside risks, enhancing both private and public quality investment, and using fiscal, monetary and structural policies individually and collectively - all key issues for pushing forward the 2030 Agenda.

G20决心为实现强劲、可持续和平衡增长及共享繁荣创造条件。G20将确保包容增长和可持续发展议程相互支持,将继续加强宏观经济政策合作,帮助减轻潜在风险、增强合力、提升生产率。The G20 is resolved to support conditions for strong, sustainable and balanced growth and shared prosperity. It will ensure that inclusive growth and sustainable development agendas are mutually reinforcing, and will continue to enhance macroeconomic policy cooperation to help mitigate potential risks, increase synergies and lift productivity.

气候资金和绿色金融

Climate Finance and Green Finance

气候变化是当代面临的最大挑战之一,其负面影响削弱了所有国家实现可持续发展的能力。正如G20成员在《巴黎协定》框架下所作出的贡献,采取紧急行动应对气候变化(可持续发展目标13)及其影响是G20优先工作。G20财长和央行行长再次号召及早落实《巴黎协定》,重申发达国家和国际组织就气候资金作出的承诺和其他国家的声明。G20协调人在广州会议上一致通过了关于气候变化问题的主席声明,承诺将尽早签署并实现《巴黎协定》早日生效。在维护《联合国气候变化框架公约》主渠道作用的同时,自2012年开始G20气候资金研究小组根据其职责使命,就如何有效提供和动员公共和私人资金以推动气候适应和减缓行动展开讨论。绿色金融有潜力发挥关键作用,动员私人投资以应对我们面临的气候和发展挑战,促进可持续发展。G20气候资金研究小组明确了G20在绿色金融中面临的挑战与机遇,并制定了供各国自愿考虑的政策选项。Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time and its adverse impacts undermine the ability of all countries to achieve sustainable development. The goal of taking urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts (SDG 13) is a priority of G20 countries, as reflected in their contributions made in the context of the Paris Agreement. The G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors reiterated the call for timely implementation of the Paris Agreement and the commitments made by developed countries and IOs and announcements made by other countries on climate finance. The G20

Sherpas agreed a Presidency Statement on Climate Change at their meeting in Guangzhou, committing to sign the Paris Agreement and bring the Agreement entry into force as soon as possible. Recognizing the primary role of UNFCCC, since 2012 the G20 Climate Finance Study Group (CFSG) has discussed how public and private financial resources can be effectively provided and mobilized for climate adaptation and mitigation actions in line with its mandate. In 2016, the Green Finance Study Group (GFSG) was established to enhance the ability of the financial system to mobilize private green investment. Green finance has the potential to play a key role in facilitating sustainable development by helping mobilize private investment in order to meet the climate and development challenges that we face today. The GFSG has already successfully identified challenges and opportunities in green finance across the G20 as well as options for countries to consider on a voluntary basis.

G20将继续紧密合作应对气候变化及其影响,推动《巴黎协定》及早生效和落实,鼓励提供和动员更多资源应对气候变化,鼓励资金流向低温室气体排放和具有气候韧性的发展。G20号召多边开发银行和发展融资机构将应对气候变化的行动纳入发展战略,并鼓励多边开发银行提交应对气候变化的行动计划。G20将继续研究并深化有关政策选项,增强金融体系筹集私人资本开展绿色投资的能力。

The G20 will continue to cooperate closely to combat climate change and its impacts and promote the timely entry into force and implementation of the Paris Agreement, encourage more resources to be provided and mobilized to combat climate change, and encourage financial flows to be consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development. It calls on MDBs and development financial institutions to mainstream climate change actions across development strategies and encourages MDBs to present climate change action plans. It will continue to work and deepen the identified options to enhance the ability of the financial system to mobilize private capital for green investment.

创新

Innovation

由新理念、新工序、新技术、新生产方式和新业态等构成的创新是实现强劲、可持续和平衡增长的重要驱动力。创新也可确保增长的包容性。除经济和商业影响外,创新有助于应对本地和全球社会与环境挑战。刺激创新可成为推动长期可持续发展的关键引擎(可持续发展目标8、9)。2016年,G20制定了创新增长蓝图,旨在加强创新、新工业革命和数字经济领域的国际合作,将推动经济增长和创新,弥合有关领域鸿沟,强化实现2030年可持续发展议程的落实措施(可持续发展目标17;《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》114-124)。

Innovation including new ideas, processes, technologies, production methods and business models, is an important driving force for strong, sustainable and balanced growth. Innovation can also ensure this growth is inclusive. Aside from its economic and business effect, innovation helps tackle social and environmental challenges at local and global levels. Stimulating innovation can be a key driver for long-term sustainable development (SDGs 8, 9). In 2016, the G20 agreed upon the Blueprint on Innovative Growth, which focuses on international cooperation on innovation, new industrial revolution and digital economy and will help boost economic growth and innovation, reduce gaps and lags, and strengthen the means of achieving the 2030 Agenda (SDG17; AAAA 114-124).

G20成员鼓励在广大行为体和利益攸关方参与下增强各自国家创新体系的合力与合作,打造有活

力的创新生态系统。G20将加强合作,营造促进合法取得科学技术的全球环境,推动在相互同意和自愿的条件下促进知识分享,加强可持续发展领域创新良好实践的交流。G20支持通过联合国技术促进机制加强技术合作以实现可持续发展。G20同时强调开放贸易和投资机制对促进创新的重要性,包括知识产权保护和执行。G20将致力于促进创新、新工业革命和数字经济并特别关注低收入发展中国家的需要,以实现更高水平的经济生产力和可持续发展。

The G20 members encourage the enhancement of synergy and cooperation in our respective national innovation systems involving a wide range of actors and stakeholders, and building dynamic innovation ecosystems. It will intensify cooperation on creating a global environment that facilitates lawful access to science and technology, promoting voluntary knowledge sharing on mutually agreed terms, and exchanges of good practice to enhance innovation in the area of sustainable development. The G20 supports the Technology Facilitation Mechanism of UN for enhanced cooperation on technology to achieve sustainable development. It also emphasizes the importance of open trade and investment regimes to facilitate innovation, including through Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection and enforcement. The G20 will aim to achieve higher levels of economic productivity and sustainable development through facilitating innovation, new industrial revolution and digital economy with special attention to low income and developing countries.

全球卫生

Global Health

G20认识到卫生是维持社会经济稳定的要素之一,也是可持续发展的一个重要方面(可持续发展目标1、3、5;《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》第77段)。强大和有韧性的卫生体系对应对当前和突发全球卫生挑战至关重要,有助于建立高生产率的劳动力、稳定的社会保障网并最终建成一个繁荣的社会。传染病爆发等卫生威胁可使卫生体系过载并外溢到其他领域,中断经济运行并阻碍可持续发展。2014年,G20领导人发表了针对埃博拉疫情的声明,号召所有国家同G20一道动员资源,为应对传染病威胁做好国家、区域和全球准备。2016年,G20成员围绕应对抗生素耐药性问题的行动进行了讨论。The G20 recognizes that health is a necessary component for socio-economic stability, and it is also a key aspect of sustainable development (SDGs 1, 3, 5; AAAA para 77). Strong and resilient health systems are critical to responding to current and emerging global health challenges, and contribute to a productive workforce, a stable social safety net and ultimately a prosperous society. Threats to health, such as those arising from outbreaks of infectious diseases, can overwhelm health systems, spill into other sectors, shut down economies and undermine sustainable development. In 2014, G20 Leaders issued a special statement on Ebola, calling on all countries to join the G20 in mobilizing resources to strengthen national, regional and global preparedness against the threat posed by infectious diseases. In 2016, G20 members held discussion on efforts against anti-microbial resistance.

G20承诺支持国际社会采取的全面管控健康风险和危机的行动,包括从健康风险预防和早期识别到有效应对和康复行动,支持世界卫生组织的有关行动以及《国际卫生条例》。G20将继续支持就加强全球和国家卫生体系的可持续和创新融资采取国际行动。G20认为需要以完善、统一、协调的方式强化卫生体系,促进卫生服务的普遍覆盖,为提高公共卫生水平、应对全球健康威胁奠定基础。

The G20 commits to support international efforts, including those of the WHO, to manage health risks and crisis in a comprehensive way, from preparedness and early identification of disease risks to effective response and recovery efforts, in the context of the International Health Regulations (IHR). It

will also continue to support international efforts to strengthen sustainable and innovative financing of the global and national health systems. The G20 believes there is a need for an improved, aligned and coordinated approach to strengthening health systems, thereby contributing to universal health coverage, which serves as a foundation to promote public health, and enhances preparedness for global health threats.

加强G20可持续发展政策的一致性和协调性

Strengthening G20 Coherence and Coordination on Sustainable Development

G20作为领导人级别论坛,可以制定落实行动计划所必需的、覆盖所有政府部门的举措。G20框架下所有相关工作机制和工作组通过将2030年可持续发展议程纳入各自工作,能够为落实行动计划作出贡献。G20将制定综合举措,使其工作同2030年可持续发展议程紧密融合,加强政策的一致性,为在三大领域落实2030年可持续发展议程尽可能地作出最大贡献。

As a leader-level forum, the G20 can foster whole-of-government approaches that are essential to the implementation of the Action Plan. All relevant work streams and working groups in the G20, by incorporating the 2030 Agenda into their work, can make contributions to the implementation of this Action Plan. By taking an integrated approach a nd further aligning the G20‘s work program with the 2030 Agenda, the G20 aims to strengthen policy coherence so that it makes the strongest possible contribution to the 2030 Agenda across all three dimensions of sustainable development.

每个G20主席国将设定推进落实行动计划的优先领域。G20协调人将同财政副手一道,发挥领导作用,为各工作机制落实2030可持续发展议程提供战略指导,并保证各工作机制间的协调和对话。Each G20 presidency sets priority-areas to advance this multi-year Action Plan. G20 Sherpas, working with Finance Deputies, provide leadership and strategic guidance and ensure coordination across work streams and dialogue between working groups on their activities related to the 2030 Agenda.

发展工作组将继续在自身优先领域发挥领导作用,支持协调人推动G20可持续发展工作的开展,同其他工作机制加强配合,帮助其深化对自身重点工作的认识,以共同实现2030年可持续发展议程的有关成果。

The DWG will continue to lead on its priority areas, and continue to play an important role in supporting Sherpas in both driving the G20 sustainable development agenda and in further collaborating with other work streams to better understand their priorities and jointly develop possible deliverables on the 2030 Agenda.

发展工作组的具体职责已在附件A中列出。

Specific arrangements on the role of the DWG are outlined in Annex A.

问责和参与

Accountability and Engagement

G20将根据每届主席国“可持续发展领域”的优先事项推动相关成果,同时对未来主席国设定或增加优先和重点议题保持灵活。

The G20 will deliver results according to the priorities outlined in the Sustainable Development Sectors (SDS) across G20 presidencies, while allowing flexibility for future presidencies to set and add specific

priorities and focus.

发展工作组将通过其现有的问责框架,每年发布年度工作报告,每3年发布全面责任报告。报告将重点关注G20可持续发展集体行动落实情况。每个相关的工作组或工作机制对自身工作推进情况负责,并通过G20问责机制和程序跟进落实情况。每个相关工作组或工作机制可与发展工作组分享行动进展信息,为发展工作组编制问责报告提供支持。G20确保建立一个连贯、合理、可信赖的问责机制,以支持发展工作组编制报告。

The DWG through its established Accountability Framework will conduct an Annual Progress Report and a Comprehensive Accountability Report once every three years on its working areas, focusing on G20's collective actions for sustainable development. Each relevant working group and work stream will be responsible for actions it takes forward as well as tracking progress through relevant G20 accountability processes and mechanisms. Each relevant working group and work stream can contribute with inputs to the DWG accountability products by sharing the information with the DWG on progress made on relevant actions. The G20 will ensure that a coherent, streamlined and credible accountability approach is in place to support reporting on this Action Plan.

G20认为2030年可持续发展议程全球后续落实和评估工作应由联合国主导,且2016年各国可能只处于制定落实计划的初步规划阶段。G20支持联合国有关进程,承认联合国可持续发展高级别政治论坛在全球后续落实和评估过程中发挥的中心作用。G20成员的集体和国别行动将避免同联合国框架下的报告形成重复。

The G20 acknowledges that the global follow-up and review process on the 2030 Agenda is a UN-led process and countries themselves may only be in the preliminary planning stages in 2016. The G20 supports these UN processes and recognizes that the UN High Level Political Forum has a central role in follow-up and review processes at the global level. G20 members will avoid duplicating individual reporting within the UN, in regard to their collective and national actions.

G20将同低收入和发展中国家、国际组织、民间社会、私营部门及其他相关组织深化合作伙伴关系,以促进全球可持续发展伙伴关系,确保高效落实行动计划。

The G20 will strengthen partnership and cooperation with low income and developing countries and relevant stakeholders including international organizations, civil society, private sector, and G20 engagement groups, to enhance the global partnership for sustainable development and ensure an effective implementation of the Action Plan.

国别行动和互学互鉴

National Actions and Opportunities for Mutual Learning

在制定务实且富有雄心的集体行动以落实2030年可持续发展议程的同时,G20成员还将率先垂范,自愿分享各自正在落实、初步设想或已规划完成的行动或进程。为促进G20成员之间及与其他国家之间相互学习、交流经验和良好实践,G20成员在包括但不限于以下领域分享各自国别行动和经验:

As the G20 develops practical and ambitious collective actions on contributing to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, it will lead by example and, on a voluntary basis, showcase G20 mem bers’ planned national activities towards implementing the 2030 Agenda by sharing ongoing, preliminary, planned actions or processes. Seeking to foster mutual learning and exchange of experiences and good practices

among members and beyond, G20 members have shared their national actions and experiences around a number of areas including but not limited to the following ones:

增强公众对2030年可持续发展议程和议程与新出现问题相关性的认识;

Raising public awareness of the 2030 Agenda and the link with new and emerging issues;

结合当地实际情况,将2030年可持续发展议程纳入国家决策;

Integrating the 2030 Agenda into national decision-making based on local contexts;

让多利益攸关方参与到落实可持续发展议程的规划制定过程中;

Engaging with multiple stakeholders to plan for implementation;

建立横向政策(打破部门藩篱)和纵向政策(将2030年可持续发展议程“本土化”)的一致性;Creating horizontal (breaking down the silos) and vertical ('localizing' the 2030 Agenda) policy coherence;

资金支持和能力建设;

Financing and capacity building;

2030年可持续发展议程后续落实与评估;

Reviewing and follow-up of the 2030 Agenda;

提高在落实2030年可持续发展议程过程中的风险适应能力;

Fostering adaptability to risks in the implementation process of the 2030 Agenda;

支持低收入和其他发展中国家落实2030年可持续发展议程。

Supporting low income and other developing countries in implementing the 2030 Agenda.

G20成员自愿提交的国别行动已在附件B中列出。

Examples of actions presented on a voluntary basis by G20 members are outlined in Annex B.

附件A:加强G20的一致性和协调-发展工作组的职责(略)

Annex A –Strengthening G20 coherence and coordination –the role of the Development Working Group (DWG)

附件B:G20成员国别行动(略)

Annex B – Outline of the presentations on national actions by the G20 members

20国集团的含义

20国集团的含义 G20,是一个国际经济合作论坛,于1999年12月16日在德国柏林成立,属于布雷顿森林体系框架内非正式对话的一种机制,由八国集团(美国、日本、德国、法国、英国、意大利、加拿大、俄罗斯)和十一个重要新兴工业国家(中国、阿根廷、澳大利亚、巴西、印度、印度尼西亚、墨西哥、沙特阿拉伯、南非、韩国和土耳其)以及欧盟组成.按照惯例,国际货币基金组织与世界银行列席该组织的.会议.20国集团的GDP总量约占世界的85%,人口约有40亿. 20国集团建立最初由美国等八国集团的财政部长于1999年9月在美国华盛顿提出的,目的是防止类似亚洲金融风暴的重演,让有关国家就国际经济、货币政策举行非正式对话,以利于国际金融和货币体系的稳定.随着20国集团的架构日渐成熟,并且为了反映新兴工业国家的重要性,20国集团成员国的领导人于2009年宣布该组织将取代八国集团成为全球经济合作的主要论坛. G20 创始:二十国集团(Group20) 是1999年9月25日由八国集团的财长在华盛顿宣布成立的. 宗旨:推动发达国家和新兴市场国家之间就实质性问题进行讨论和研究,以寻求合作并促进国际金融稳定和经济持续发展. 成员:二十国集团由美国、英国、日本、法国、德国、加拿大、意大利、俄罗斯、澳大利亚、中国、巴西、阿根廷、墨西哥、韩国、印度尼西亚、印度、沙特阿拉伯、南非、土耳其等19个国家以及欧盟组成.这些国家的国民生产总值约占全世界的85%,人口则将近世界总人口的2/3.

运作方式:二十国集团以非正式的部长级会议形式运行,不设常设秘书处,主席采取轮换制.该集团的财长和央行行长会议每年举行一次.每年的部长级例会一般与七国集团财长会议相衔接,通常在每年的年末举行.会议由主席国及一些国际机构和外部专家提供秘书服务和支持,并可根据需要成立工作小组,就一些重大问题进行评审和提出对策建议. 特邀代表:为了确保20国集团与布雷顿森林机构的紧密联系,国际货币基金组织总裁、世界银行行长以及国际货币金融委员会和发展委员会主席作为特邀代表也参与该论坛的活动. G20与中国:中国是二十国集团的创始成员,并于2005年作为主席国成功地举办了第七届二十国集团财长和央行行长会议.

二十国集团落实2030年可持续发展议程行动计划(中英对照)

二十国集团落实2030年可持续发展议程行动计划 G20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 根据二十国集团(G20)安塔利亚峰会决定,G20承诺将自身工作与2030年可持续发展议程进一步衔接,努力消除贫困,实现可持续发展,构建包容和可持续的未来,并确保在此进程中不让任何一个人掉队。此行动计划以及其中的高级别原则,将推进全球落实2030年可持续发展议程,包括落实可持续发展目标和《亚的斯亚贝巴发展筹资行动议程》。 The G20 is committed to further aligning its work with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to ensure that no one is left behind in our efforts to eradicate poverty, achieve sustainable development and build an inclusive and sustainable future for all, as confirmed at the Antalya Summit. This Action Plan, including the High Level Principles, contributes to global efforts to implement the 2030 Agenda, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda on Financing for Development (AAAA). 落实2030年可持续发展议程的高级别原则 High Level Principles on the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda 确认全球于2015年9月通过的具有普遍性、富有雄心的2030年可持续发展议程,再次承诺遵守可持续发展议程确定的所有原则,并为落实可持续发展议程做出贡献。G20将继续促进强劲、可持续和平衡增长,保护地球免于毁坏,并与低收入和发展中国家加强合作。G20成员将确保它们的集体努力产生积极的全球影响,有助于有效落实可持续发展议程,平衡和协调推进可持续发展的三大领域。 Recognizing the historic global consensus reached with the adoption of the universal and ambitious 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in September 2015, and recommitting to all the principles of the 2030 Agenda, the G20 commits to contributing to its implementation. G20 efforts will continue to promote strong, sustainable and balanced growth, protect the planet from degradation, and further cooperate with low income and developing countries. G20 members will ensure that their collective efforts make positive global impact towards effective implementation of the 2030 Agenda in all three dimensions of sustainable development in a balanced and integrated manner. G20将侧重于可持续发展议程所涵盖、自身作为全球经济合作论坛具有比较优势和能够带来附加价值的领域和议题。在可持续发展议程的整体框架下,G20的比较优势在于通过其号召力和集体行动力,在全球最高层面实施和支持包括宏观经济框架在内的相关倡议,并创造有利的国际环境。The G20 will focus on sectors and themes of the 2030 Agenda where it has comparative advantage and can add value as a global forum for economic cooperation. Within the overall sustainable development agenda, the G20’s comparative advantage lies in its convening power and its collective ability to adopt and support initiatives at the highest global level, including those that involve macro-economic framework, and to create the global enabling environment. 为此,G20将遵循以下高级别原则,为落实可持续发展议程作出贡献: In this regard the G20 contribution to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda will be guided by the following high level principles: 发挥G20作为全球经济论坛的比较优势,通过我们在国内和国外层面的国别和集体努力落实2030

绿色一带一路与2030年可持续发展议程-中国环境与发展国际合作

中国环境与发展国际合作委员会2017年年会 环境与发展高层论坛分论坛 绿色“一带一路”与2030年可持续发展议程 2017年12月9日 中国北京钓鱼台国宾馆 一、论坛目标 本论坛旨在探讨“一带一路”倡议与2030年可持续发展议程所面临的挑战和机遇。 二、预期成果 第六届国合会(2017-2021年)将围绕四个主要研究领域展开,绿色能源、投资与贸易是其中之一。本论坛将为确定这一主题下的具体研究议题提供支持。同时,论坛的相关成果将为国合会给国务院的政策建议提供参考。 三、关键议题 1.中国在国内和国际层面落实可持续发展目标取得哪些进展,获得哪些经验? 2.为打造绿色、可持续的“一带一路”,中国将如何推动国际组织和国际平台参与? 3.技术创新、贸易和绿色金融在实现2030年可持续发展目标中的作用是什么? 1

4.发展中国家和地区在落实2030年可持续发展议程中的挑战和机遇? 5.亚洲基础设施投资银行和国家开发银行、进出口银行等金融机构如何发挥最大作用,支持“一带一路”倡议框架下的绿色基础设施建设项目? 四、论坛背景 世界范围内,发展中经济体正在推动全球经济增长。随着这些经济体持续发展,对基础设施和经济一体化的需求不断增加。全球发展正处于一个关键的转折点,要求对于基础设施和发展的迫切需求必须以长期可持续性和环境保护为目标。 中国在很多方面都是世界领先的。在处理经济增长与环境保护的关系方面,中国取得了一些成功,同时也总结出一些值得反思的经验。中国在基础设施和工程建设领域处于世界领先地位,在与发展中国家合作满足其基础设施和发展需求方面,具有巨大的优势。在此背景下,中国提出共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路倡议,希望通过促进区域经济整合和政策协调,实现共同发展的目标。 在实践中,“一带一路”建设的核心内容是五通:政策沟通、设施连通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通,优先领域是完善以经济走廊为基础的多维度的基础设施网络,通过构筑互联互通的交通基础设施网加强中国与沿线地区在物理、金融、社会和信息方面的联系。预计未来5年,中国对沿线国家投资将达1500亿美元,有效填补农业、水利、电力、通讯和交通等领域的基础设施投资缺口。然而有研究表明,其中相当一部分的投资涉及环境和碳排放问题。发展交通和电力 2

G7-G20:20国集团

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(完整word版)2020年专业技术人员继续教育单选

1.在水体中开展的水产农牧化的产业被称为()。(1.0分) A.白色农业 B.蓝色农业 C.绿色农业 D.棕色农业 2.()通过了《巴厘岛路线图》,这是人类应对气候变化历史中的一座新里程碑,它确定了加强落实《联合国气候变化框架公约》的领域。(1.0分) A.联合国人类环境会议 B.联合国环境与发展大会 C.联合国气候变化大会 D.联合国可持续发展世界首脑会议 3.可持续发展的原则不包括()。(1.0分) A.公平性原则 B.持续性原则 C.共同性原则 D.特殊性原则

4.()作为地球文明(地球文明是星球文明的一种表现形态)的一个发展阶段,为最终使星球文明向星际文明过渡奠定物质和精神的基础。(1.0分) A.精神文明 B.物质文明 C.政治文明 D.生态文明 5.从改变经济发展的能源结构角度,发展绿色经济是要()。(1.0分) A.发展低碳经济 B.推进清洁生产,实行节能减排 C.大力发展循环经济 D.发展共享经济 6.2019年2月,国家发改委等七部门联合印发的《绿色产业指导目录(2019年版)》将绿色产业划分为()大类别。(1.0分) A.5 B.6 C.7 D.8

7.根据世界银行发布的数据,全球PM2.5污染主要集中在()。(1.0分) A.亚洲 B.欧洲 C.非洲 D.大洋洲 8.可持续发展的内容不包括()。(1.0分) A.经济与文化可持续发展 B.资源与环境可持续发展 C.资源与经济可持续发展 D.资源与社会可持续发展 9.斯坦福大学和加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员对GDP与气温变化关系的分析结论是,气温处于约()时是经济增长的“黄金温度”。(1.0分) A.13℃ B.15℃ C.17℃ D.21℃

20国集团建立的最初目的是什么

20国集团建立的最初目的是什么 20国集团(G20)是一个国际经济合作论坛,那么20国集团建立的最初目的是什么呢、为大家整理了20国集团建立最初目的希望可以帮助大家! 始创国 二十国集团(Group20) 是1999年9月25日由八国集团的财长在华盛顿提出的,目的是防止类似亚洲金融风暴的重演,让有关国家就国际经济、货币政策举行非正式对话,以利于国际金融和货币体系的稳定。20国集团从2008年起召开领导人峰会。随着20国集团的架构日渐成熟,并且为了反映新兴工业国家的重要性,20国集团成员国的领导人于2009年宣布该组织将取代八国集团成为全球经济合作的主要论坛。 成员国 二十国集团由中国、美国、英国、日本、法国、德国、加拿大、意大利、俄罗斯、澳大利亚、巴西、阿根廷、墨西哥、韩国、印度尼西亚、印度、沙特阿拉伯、南非、土耳其共19个国家以及欧盟组成。这些国家的国民生产总值约占全世界的85%,人口则将近世界总人口的2/3。 特邀代表 为了确保20国集团与布雷顿森林机构的紧密联系,国际货币基

金组织总裁、世界银行行长以及国际货币金融委员会和发展委员会主席作为特邀代表也参与该论坛的活动。 20国集团介绍 20国集团(G20)是一个国际经济合作论坛,于1999年9月25日由八国集团的财长在华盛顿宣布成立,属于布雷顿森林体系框架内非正式对话的一种机制,由原八国集团以及其余十二个重要经济体组成。该组织的宗旨是为推动已工业化的发达国家和新兴市场国家之间就实质性问题进行开放及有建设性的讨论和研究,以寻求合作并促进国际金融稳定和经济的持续增长。按照以往惯例,国际货币基金组织与世界银行列席该组织的会议。20国集团成员涵盖面广,代表性强,该集团的GDP占全球经济的90%,贸易额占全球的80%,因此已取代G8成为全球经济合作的主要论坛。20国集团或者廿国集团,由八国集团(美国、日本、德国、法国、英国、意大利、加拿大、俄罗斯)和十一个重要新兴工业国家(中国、阿根廷、澳大利亚、巴西、印度、印度尼西亚、墨西哥、沙特阿拉伯、南非、韩国和土耳其)以及欧盟组成。按照惯例,国际货币基金组织与世界银行列席该组织的会议。廿国集团的GDP总量约占世界的85%,人口约为40亿。 20国集团属于非正式论坛,旨在促进工业化国家和新兴市场国家就国际经济、货币政策和金融体系的重要问题开展富有建设性和开放性的对话,并通过对话,为有关实质问题的讨论和协商奠定广泛基础,以寻求合作并推动国际金融体制的改革,加强国际金融体系架构,促进经济的稳定和持续增长。此外,20国集团还为处于不同发展阶

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2015年后发展议程和可持续发展目标中的水

IHP/IC-XXI/8 2014年5月13日,巴黎 原件:英文 国际水文计划 政府间理事会第二十一届会议 (巴黎,2014年6月18--20日) 2015年后发展议程和可持续发展目标中的水 临时议程项目9.4 概要 本文件简要介绍了教科文组织--国际水文计划通过一些形式各异、相互联系且趋于一致的进程,在阐释2015年后发展议程和可持续发展目标方面所 作的贡献。尤其重点关注国际水文计划在为承认水在可持续发展目标中的重 要作用进而专门为水单独制定一项目标而开展的讨论中所发挥的作用。 需作出的决定:理事会可以考虑第23段和附件中拟议的决议草案。

IHP/IC-XXI/8 1.背景 1. 自大会于2010年举办联合国千年发展目标(MDG)首脑会议并通过其成果文件“履行诺言:团结一致实现千年发展目标”以来,已在若干相互联系、趋于一致且持续演变的进程中探讨过如何界定2015年后发展议程的问题。2012年6月在里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展大会(里约+20)上,各会员国在里约+20的成果文件“我们希望的未来”中商定,将以千年发展目标为基础,开启制定一整套可持续发展目标(SDG)的进程,同时还将纳入可持续发展面临的其他挑战。 2. 继这些进展之后,联合国系统内外出现了多种不同进程。联合国系统2015年后联合国发展议程工作组由联合国经济和社会事务部(UN DESA)与联合国开发计划署(UNDP)共同主持,其设立目的是通过为讨论提供分析材料、专门知识和开展外联活动,支持联合国全系统制定2015年后发展议程的工作。该工作组于2012年6月发布了第一份报告“实现我们想要的未来”。报告概述了联合国系统有关2015年后全球发展议程的愿景。除联合国系统外,联合国秘书长还设立了一个2015年后发展议程高级别知名人士小组(HLP),以便就2015年后全球发展框架提供咨询意见,并响应各会员国要求,开展包容性磋商,使各区域的民间社会、私营部门、学术界和研究机构参与进来,共同推进2015年后发展框架。 2. 教科文组织--国际水文计划为2015年后进程所作贡献 3. 教科文组织国际水文计划(IHP)一直积极促进为实现千年发展目标,尤其是水和卫生设施方面的具体目标而作的全球努力。国际水文计划认识到水对于可持续发展的重要意义及其与其他发展挑战间的内在联系,因而特别关注一点,即有必要在2015年后全球发展议程的背景下,继续针对水和卫生设施问题及其他与水相关的问题,开展全球努力。作为联合国系统内被授权推进水科学的牵头机构,国际水文计划已采取积极措施,努力在编制2015年后发展议程中提升水的形象。在突出教科文组织专门知识领域和比较优势的同时,国际水文计划一直通过两个相互联系的重大进程,推动阐释2015年后发展议程和关于水相关问题的可持续发展目标: a) 水问题专题磋商 b)拟定可持续发展目标,特别关注一项专门为水单独制定的可持续发展目标 教科文组织还通过国际水合作年(IYWC)2013年活动,推动就2015年后发展议程和可持续发展目标中的水展开讨论。

面向2030可持续发展教育目标与中国行动策略

2015年9月25日,联合国可持续发展峰会通过的《改变我们的世界——2030年可持续发展议程》(Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development),简称《2030可持续发展议程》,确立了以可持续发展目标为核心的工作纲领,从社会、经济和环境三个维度提出了17个可持续发展目标和169个子目标,认为社会的包容性、经济的绿色增长和环境保护是人类社会发展的三大支柱。2015年11月4日,联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)通过的《教育2030行动框架》指出,《2030可持续发展议程》将“确保包容、公平的优质教育,增进全民终身学习机会”的教育目标单列为可持续发展目标4,并认为教育既是可持续发展的一个重要目标,也是成功实现其他可持续发展目标的重要手段。文章梳理了从《21世纪议程》到《教育2030行动框架》等文件对可持续发展教育的重要承诺,分析了面向2030可持续发展教育的目标,并就中国落实和推进可持续发展教育目标提出相应的行动策略。 一、从《21世纪议程》到《教育2030行动框架》 可持续发展教育(Education for Sustainable Development,简称ESD)的兴起是20世纪80年代可持续发展运动的结果。1987年,世界环境与发展委员会(World Commission on Environment and Development,简称WCED)发表的《我们共同的未来》(Our Common Future)报告中第一次提出了“可持续发展”的概念,即“既能满足当代人的需要,又不危及后代人满足其自身需要能力的发展”。[1]1988年,联合国教科文组织从可持续发展的角度,将“环境教育和发展教育”整合为“可持续发展教育”,此后可持续发展教育成为国际社会共同关注的重要议题。从1992年联合国环境与发展大会发表《21世纪议程》以来,国际社会通过组织召开会议或发表重要文件对可持续发展教育做了重要承诺(见表1),积极推动了可持续发展教育的理念传播和实践发展。 表1 与可持续发展教育有关的重要国际承诺

十二国集团

二十国集团 二十国集团(Group 20) 是1999年9月25日由八国集团的财长在华盛顿宣布成立的。 宗旨:推动发达国家和新兴市场国家之间就实质性问题进行讨论和研究,以寻求合作并促进国际金融稳定和经济持续发展。 成员:除了西方七国集团成员即美国、日本、英国、德国、法国、意大利和加拿大之外,还包括欧盟、中国、巴西、印度、俄罗斯、韩国、阿根廷、澳大利亚、印度尼西亚、墨西哥、沙特阿拉伯、南非和土耳其。 中国是二十国集团的创始成员,并于2005年作为主席国成功地举办了第七届二十国集团财长和央行行长会议。 除二十国集团领导人外,荷兰、西班牙以及联合国、国际货币基金组织、世界银行、金融稳定论坛等有关国家和国际组织领导人也将应邀出席此次会议。此外,应广大发展中国家要求,英国还邀请了埃塞俄比亚总理和非盟委员会主席作为非洲国家代表、泰国总理和东盟秘书长作为东南亚国家代表与会 作为一个国际论坛,二十国集团由欧盟、布雷顿森林机构,以及来自美国、英国、日本、法国、德国、加拿大、意大利、俄罗斯、澳大利亚、中国、巴西、阿根廷、墨西哥、韩国、印度尼西亚、印度、沙特阿拉伯、南非、土耳其等19个国家的财长和中央银行行长组成。这些国家的国民生产总值约占全世界的85%,人口则将近世界总人口的2/3。 二十国集团是布雷顿森林体系框架内非正式对话的一种新机制,其宗旨是推动发达国家和新兴市场国家之间就实质性问题进行讨论和研究,以寻求合作并促进国际金融稳定和经济持续发展。 二十国集团以非正式的部长级会议形式运行,不设常设秘书处,主席采取轮换制。该集团的财长和央行行长会议每年举行一次。每年的部长级例会一般与七国集团财长会议相衔接,通常在每年的年末举行。会议由主席国及一些国际机构和外部专家提供秘书服务和支持,并可根据需要成立工作小组,就一些重大问题进行评审和提出对策建议。 中国是二十国集团的创始成员,并于2005年作为主席国成功地举办了第七届二十国集团财长和央行行长会议。

中国首次主办二十国集团领导人峰会

微专题二十五中国首次主办二十国集团领导人峰会 【背景材料】 2016年9月5日下午,二十国集团领导人第十一次峰会在杭州落幕。作为东道主,中国国家主席习近平在峰会闭幕后会见中外记者,介绍峰会成果。随着峰会闭幕,各方最终达成的29项成果文件“水落石出”,其中包括G20创新增长蓝图、G20全球贸易增长战略和全球投资指导原则、G20支持非洲和最不发达国家工业化倡议、全球基础设施互联互通联盟倡议等一系列具有开创意义的重要文件。中国国家主席习近平在会见记者时表示,杭州峰会实现了预期目标,“杭州峰会恰逢世界经济增长和二十国集团转型的关键节点。世界经济复苏乏力,国际和地区热点问题以及全球性挑战对世界经济的影响不容忽视,各类风险和不确定性仍然比较突出,因此峰会受到国际社会广泛关注,也承载了各方高度期待。在各成员、嘉宾国、国际组织一道努力下,会议取得了丰硕成果,实现了预期目标。”围绕本次峰会“构建创新、活力、联动、包容的世界经济”主题,与会各方用一天半时间深入交换看法,明确二十国集团合作的发展方向、目标、举措,就推动世界经济增长达成了杭州共识。获得各方一致通过的《二十国集团创新增长蓝图》,明确要抓住创新、新工业革命、数字经济等新要素新业态带来的新机遇,制定一系列具体行动计划,推动创新成果交流共享,助力全球增长开辟新路径。在全球经济金融治理方面,各方同意继续推动国际金融机构份额和治理结构改革,扩大特别提款权的使用,强化全球金融安全网,深化普惠金融、绿色金融、气候资金领域合作,通过税收促进全球投资和增长。为重振国际贸易和投资两大引擎作用,二十国集团制定了全球贸易增长战略和投资指导原则,继续支持多边贸易体制,填补国际投资领域空白。各方还在深化反腐败合作方面达成重要共识,制定了追逃追赃的高级原则,在华设立反腐败追逃追赃研究中心,还制定了二十国国集团2017至2018反腐败行动计划,成功打造原则、机制、行动三位一体的国际反腐败格局,让腐败分子在二十国集团乃至全球更大范围无处藏身,无所遁形。 【考点链接】 一、从经济生活角度分析 1.经济全球化是当今世界经济发展的基本趋势。当今世界,各国人民是一个休戚与共的命运共同体,市场、资金、资源、信息、人才等等都是高度全球化的。二十国集团通过互联互通促进了区域资源配置效率的提高,有利于推动生产力的发展。 2.提高开放型经济水平。为重振国际贸易和投资两大引擎作用,二十国集团制定了全球贸易增长战略和投资指导原则,继续支持多边贸易体制。为我国全面提高开放型经济水平,营造了一个和平、稳定、安全的外部环境。 3.我国社会主义市场经济必须面向世界。我国注重与世界各国之间的经济交流与合作,并在二十国集团内发挥着建设性作用。我国开放型经济水平不断提高,为促进世界经济增长作出了重要贡献。这说明,中国的发展繁荣离不开世界,世界的发展繁荣也需要中国。 4.市场调节和宏观调控相结合。习近平指出,面对当前挑战,我们应该加强宏观经济政策协调,合力促进全球经济增长、维护金融稳定。面对当前挑战,我们应该建设开放型世界经济,继续推动贸易和投资自由化便利化,促进包容性发展。 5.坚持对外开放的基本国策。中国将坚定不移奉行互利共赢的开放战略,坚持正确义利观,发展开放型经济体系,全方位加强和拓展同世界各国的互利合作。习近平呼吁各国尊重其他国家的国情,拒绝保护主义,中国一直在为建设一个开放、融合的世界经济而努力。 6.发展国家间的经济技术合作。近年来,中国致力于帮助非洲破解基础设施建设滞后和人才不足两大发展瓶颈,中国在与非洲国家合作过程中,一直坚持平等相待的原则与和平发展的理念,希望将多年经济发展的成果分享给其他发展中国家,促进世界可持续发展。 7.世界贸易组织的原则。世界贸易组织的基本原则包括非歧视原则、市场准人原则、互惠原

变革我们的世界:2030年可持续发展议程

变革我们的世界:2030年可持续发展议程序言 本议程是为人类、地球与繁荣制订的行动计划。它还旨在加强世界和平与自由。我们认识到,消除一切形式和表现的贫困,包括消除极端贫困,是世界最大的挑战,也是实现可持续发展必不可少的要求。 所有国家和所有利益攸关方将携手合作,共同执行这一计划。我们决心让人类摆脱贫困和匮乏,让地球治愈创伤并得到保护。我们决心大胆采取迫切需要的变革步骤,让世界走上可持续且具有恢复力的道路。在踏上这一共同征途时,我们保证,绝不让任何一个人掉队。 我们今天宣布的17个可持续发展目标和169个具体目标展现了这个新全球议程的规模和雄心。这些目标寻求巩固发展千年发展目标,完成千年发展目标尚未完成的事业。它们要让所有人享有人权,实现性别平等,增强所有妇女和女童的权能。它们是整体的,不可分割的,并兼顾了可持续发展的三个方面:经济、社会和环境。 这些目标和具体目标将促使人们在今后15年内,在那些对人类和地球至关重要的领域中采取行动。 人类 我们决心消除一切形式和表现的贫困与饥饿,让所有人平等和有尊严地在一个健康的环境中充分发挥自己的潜能。 地球 我们决心阻止地球的退化,包括以可持续的方式进行消费和生产,管理地球的自然资源,在气候变化问题上立即采取行动,使地球能够满足今世后代的需求。 繁荣 我们决心让所有的人都过上繁荣和充实的生活,在与自然和谐相处的同时实现经济、社会和技术进步。 和平 我们决心推动创建没有恐惧与暴力的和平、公正和包容的社会。没有和平,就没有可持续发展;没有可持续发展,就没有和平。 伙伴关系 我们决心动用必要的手段来执行这一议程,本着加强全球团结的精神,在所有国家、所有利益攸关方和全体人民参与的情况下,恢复全球可持续发展伙伴关系的活力,尤其注重满足最贫困最脆弱群体的需求。 各项可持续发展目标是相互关联和相辅相成的,对于实现新议程的宗旨至关重要。如果能在议程述及的所有领域中实现我们的雄心,所有人的生活都会得到很大改善,我们的世界会变得更加美好。

墨尔本 2030可持续发展的规划

怎样制定一个可持续发展的城市规划? ----对澳大利亚规划协会维多利亚州主席Trevor Budge先生的采访录 How to Plan a Sustainable City -----------Interview with Mr. Trevor Budge, President, PIA Victoria 叶:下午好,巴捷先生。感谢您抽空接受我们编辑部的采访。 T:很高兴在墨尔本见到你们。今天是中国的春节,我应该对你们说“新年好”。 叶:谢谢。 T:新年到了,有什么好消息? 叶:当然有好消息。首先,北京市总体规划的修编已经完成了,在今后十年里,北京的郊区将发展起十一个新城,在北京的东部将发展一个新产业带,在它的西部将发展一个绿带;10年后,北京的人口将与澳大利亚的总人口一样多,1800万。第二,我们正在讨论如何引导城镇化健康发展,如何搞好城乡协调、区域协调、构建一个和谐的和可持续发展的社会。我们的城市规划正面临着前所未有的挑战。去年,墨尔本再一次被评为世界上最适合于人居住的城市,又完成了它到2030的新规划。因此,我们希望知道,你们是怎样在规划一个可持续发展的城市。 T:《墨尔本 2030-----可持续发展的规划》经过两年的广泛咨询,已经开始进入项目详细规划阶段。(图1.规划过程)

《墨尔本 2030-----可持续发展的规划》的核心是,确定了未来三十年大墨尔本都市区的发展方向和布局形式。在未来三十年里,大墨尔本的城市人口将增长一百万。 叶:这大约是以每年1%的速度增长。 T:对。从现在的三百五十万,经过三十年,增长到四百五十万。 叶:北京人口在十年里将增长四百万,即以每年3%的速度增长,是你们的三倍。 T:可以理解。澳大利亚的城市化率是94%,而中国只有35%。加速城市化是经济发展的需要。尽管大墨尔本土地面积与北京相差不几,墨尔本在三十年里仅仅增长100万人或626,000户。但是,这个规划决定,大墨尔本区域总面积的一半以上称为“绿楔”的地区将严格控制开发,(图2.“绿楔” );大墨尔本将向紧凑型中高密度的城市形式发展,而不再是蔓延式的发展,把新增家庭和住宅人口集中在现存的130个活动中心(图3. 115个商业及活动中心分布),不超出现有城市边界;把公共交通的使用率从现在的10%提高到2030年的20%,(图4. 公共交通网络规划)。当然,我们有许多担心。 叶:你们担心什么? T:我们担心大墨尔本是否有足够的资源,如土地、水、能源去满足已有的三百五十万人和规划新增长的一百万人的需求。其实,大墨尔本现在已经严重缺水。我们担心按照这个设想,大墨尔本是否可以持续发展下去。在某种意义讲,澳大利亚在改变生活方式和发展方式方面正开始一个跃进,以适应变化着的社会经济和环境。当然,许多规划师认为,我们行动过于迟缓,联邦政府和州政府过于短视,难以推出必要的政策。我可以从三个方面说明我们的担心。 首先,过去五-六年以来,澳大利亚经历了严重的干旱。通常,干旱只与边远的农村相关, 但是,这次的干旱严重地影响了澳大利亚的主要城市, 如悉尼、墨尔本和珀斯的水源。干旱告诉人们,水不是一种用之不竭取之不尽的资源。我们必须保护和管理它。人们已经普遍接受了这样一个事实,我们必须永久地制约和限制人们使用水的方式,水将成为一件昂贵的商品。

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解说:2010年6月,第四次二十国集团峰会在加拿大多伦多举行。多伦多峰会主题为“复苏新开端”。 这次峰会确定了增长的主调,信守并履行了“强劲、可持续和平衡增长框架”和金融监管改革等主要日程,在发达国家削减财政赤字、国际金融机构治理改革、反对贸易保护主义等问题上提出了一些具体的时间表,并强调了二十国集团的首要任务是确保和加强经济复苏。 会议发表了《二十国集团多伦多峰会宣言》,强调采取下一步行动,推动世界经济强劲、可持续和平衡增长。 (小标题)首尔峰会:跨越危机,携手成长 解说:第五次二十国集团峰会2010年11月11日至12日在韩国首都首尔举行。“跨越危机,携手成长”被确定为首尔峰会主题。这次峰会以汇率、全球金融安全网、国际金融组织改革和发展为四大主要议题。 会议通过的《二十国集团首尔峰会宣言》,既对当前经济复苏和长远全球治理的焦点问题给出了解答,又对包括发展在内的全球性议题作出了承诺。

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