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【真题】2015年中国地质大学(北京)地球化学真题

【真题】2015年中国地质大学(北京)地球化学真题

北京大学考博英语模拟题14

北京大学考博英语模拟题14 Part ⅠVocabulary 1. The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a ______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion. A.long B.forever https://www.docsj.com/doc/f417411441.html,sting D.lively 答案:C [解答] 本题空格处是说留下持久的印记。long的意思是“长期的”;forever的意思是“永远”;lasting的意思是“持久的”;lively的意思是“活泼的,逼真的”。四个选项中只有C项符合题意。 2. The magician picked out several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance. A.by accident B.on average C.on occasion D.at random 答案:D by accident偶然的。on average平均的。on occasion有时。at random随意的。 3. British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered ______ yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats. A.a sharp set-back B.severe set-back C.a severe blown-up D.sharp blown-up

地球化学复习题(推荐文档)

地球化学复习题 绪论 1、地球化学的定义。 答:地球化学是研究地球(包括部分天体)的化学组成、化学作用和化学演化的科学。 2、地球化学的任务。 答:1)地球及其子系统中元素及其同位素的组成,即元素的分布和分配问题;2)元素的共生组合和赋存形式;3)元素的迁移和循环;4)地球的历史和演化。5)基础理论和应用的发展。 3、地球化学的研究思路和工作方法。 答:研究思路:以化学、物理化学等基本原理为基础,以研究原子(包括元素和同位素)的行为为手段,来认识地球的组成、历史和地球化学作用。工作方法:野外:地质考察+样品采集(代表性、系统性、统计性、严格性)。 室内: --岩矿鉴定 --分析测试:早期容量法、离子色谱法和比色法,现今X射线荧光光谱XRF、ICPAES、--ICPMS、固体质谱、AAS等。 --元素结合形式和赋存状态的研究:化学分析、晶体光学、X射线衍射、拉曼谱、微区分析(电子探针、离子探针)等。 --作用过程的物理化学条件的测定:温度(包裹体、矿物、同位素)、压力、pH、Eh、盐度等。 --自然作用的时间参数:同位素测年。 --模拟实验。 --多元统计计算和数学模型。 4、地球化学学科的特点。 答:1、基础科学成果的应用.2、地质科学的发展.3、更广泛的数字模拟。 第一章太阳系和地球系统的元素丰度 1、对比元素在地壳、地球和太阳系中分布规律的异同点,并解释其原因。 答:相同点:元素的丰度均随原子系数增大而减小。均符合奇偶定律。 不同点:与太阳系或宇宙相比,地壳和地球都明显地贫H, He, Ne, N等气体元素;而地壳与整个地球相比,则明显贫Fe和Mg,同时富集Al, K和N a。 原因: 2、研究克拉克值有何地球化学意义。 答:可作为元素集中、分散的标尺。控制元素的地球化学行为。A)影响元素参加地壳中地球化学过程的浓度。B)限定自然界的矿物种类及种属。C) 限制了自然体系的状态。 3、地球各圈层化学组成的基本特征。 答:地壳:①地壳中元素的相对平均含量是极不均一的。②元素的克拉克值大体上随原子序数的增大而减小。地幔:元素分布不均,铁镁含量增高。地核:铁镍含量占绝大部分,其它元素仅占极少部分。水圈、大气圈和生物圈在地球总质量中所占的比例很小,对地球总体成分的影响不大。 4、陨石研究的意义 答:①它是认识宇宙天体、行星的成分、性质及其演化的最易获取、数量最大的地外物质;

中国地质大学考博英语真题部分解析

中国地质大学考博英语真题部分解析 34.A解析:例证题。题目“Toyota Motor是一个_______的例子”。定位到末段,末段主要提到热情的消费者可能会号召其他人抵制某个产品,威胁到产品所属公司的名声,这时公司的回应有可能不够迅速、周到。这是本段的核心信息。接下来就拿Toyota Motor举例,举例中提到这个公司在公司名声遇到如上提到的危机情况时作出的反应,且成功减轻了危害程度。由此可知,例子是对本段中心句的一个反面例子论证公司对hijacked media 的反应。故选项[A](有效地回应被劫持利用的媒体)为正确答案。 干扰项:[B]persuading customers into boycotting products(劝说消费者抵制产品),文中末段第一句提到了消费者可能会劝说其他人抵制某些产品,故为张冠李戴。[C]cooperating with supportive consumers(与支持自己的消费者合作),在例子中提到Toyota Motor公司缓解危机的方式是与消费者直接沟通,这首先属于例子内的信息,不符合例证题的解题思路,其次沟通交流不等于合作,故排除。[D]taking advantage of hijacked media(利用被劫持的媒体),文中是消除被劫持媒体带来的危害,而非去利用被劫持的媒体,故排除。 (PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) 35.A解析:主旨题。题目“这篇文化在那个主要讲述的是______”。本文首段第三句就提出文章中心“companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media”,即虽然传统收费媒体仍在发挥重大作用,但是现今的公司可以去选择其他媒体形式。后文主要是介绍其他可选择的媒体形式,并对其作出评论。故选项[A]Alternatives to conventional paid media(与传统收费媒体对应的其他媒体形式)为正确答案。 干扰项:[B]Conflict between hijacked and earned media(被劫持媒体和免费媒体之间的冲突)[C]Dominance of hijacked media(被劫持媒

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Part Two:Structure and Written Expression(20%) Directions:For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked、Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet、 11. Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question that a wide solution、 A.admits of B、requires of C、needs of D、seeks for 12.In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message、 A.accustomed to split and divided B.accustomed to splitting and dividing C.accustomed to split and dividing D.accustomed to splitting and divided 13.Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value、 A、at itself B、as itself C、on itself D、in itself 14. us earlier, your request to the full、 A、You have contacted…we could comply with B、Had you contacted…we could have complied with C、You had contacted…could we have complied with D、Have you contacted…we could comply with 15.The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy、 A、discard B、discreet C、discord D、disgorge 16、Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious their psychology、No one can shield himself such an influence、 A、on…by…at B、by…for…in C、from…in…on D、through…with…from 17、The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety、Now it appears to create 、 A、bore B、bored C、boredom D、bordom 18、Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz、 A、lacked B、lacking C、for lack of D、lack of 19、There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine、 A、that have to B、have to C、having to D、has to 20、The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it、 A、none the worse B、none the better C、never worse D、never better 21、As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color、 A、cried out for…cried out for B、cry out for…cry out for C、had cried out for…cried out for D、had cried out for…cry out for 22、While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very 、 A、trigger B、meager C、vigor D、linger 23、Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology、 A、as much the Africans are detribalized B、the Africans are much being detribalized C、as much as the Africans are being detribalized D、as much as the Africans are detribalized 24、We admire his courage and self-confidence、 A、can but B、cannot only C、cannot but D、can only but 25、In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed to notice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical、

地球化学计算题

1. 已知锆石样品中:U=,Pb=,Pb同位素组成:204Pb=%(atom);206Pb=%;207Pb=%;208Pb=%;普通Pb的同位素组成:204Pb:206Pb:207Pb:208Pb= : : : 。假定204Pb,206Pb,207Pb,208Pb 的原子量为204,206,207,208;235U、238U的原子量分别为235,238;235U/238U=1/;λ 238=×10-10a-1;λ 235=×10 -10a-1。计算出锆石的t 206和t207年龄。 答:Pb的原子量:M pb=%×204+%×206+%×207+%×208= U的原子量:M u=235×[1/(1+]+238×[(1+]= 所以,样品中Pb的摩尔浓度C pb=g÷umol=g; 样品中U的摩尔浓度C u=g÷umol= umol/g U-Pb法年龄测定公式: (206Pb/204Pb)=(206Pb/204Pb)0+(238U/204Pb)×(eλ238t206-1)① (2分) (238U/204Pb)=×()÷(×%)= (2分) (206Pb/204Pb)== (206Pb/204Pb)0= 将上述值及λ238=×10-10a-1代入公式① 求得t206=×109a(或1402Ma)(2分) U-pb法年龄测定公式: (207Pb/204Pb)=(207Pb/204Pb)0+(235U/204Pb)×(eλ235t207-1)②(2分)(235U/204Pb)== (2分) (207Pb/204Pb)=9/= (207Pb/204Pb)0= 将上述值及λ235=×10-10a-1代入公式② 求得t207=×109a(或1522Ma)(2分) 2.计算高级变质岩(麻粒岩)的变质温度。已知所测定的石英、透辉石的氧同位素组成分别为+‰和+‰(相对V-SMOW)。 石英-透辉石的氧同位素平衡分馏系数与温度的关系为:103lnα石英-透辉石 = (103/T)2 答:由同位素分馏系数的定义可知:аA-B=R A/R B①(1分)由同位素组成δ的定义可知:δA=( R A/R标) ×103②(1分) 由①、②可得:аA-B=(103+δA)/(103+δB) 所以:а石英-透辉石=(103+δ18O石英)/(103+δ18O透辉石) (2分) 代入石英和透辉石数据,δ18O石英=,δ18O透辉石= ,得 103lnα石英-透辉石 = 103ln[(103+/(103+] = (4分) 由石英-透辉石的氧同位素温度计103lnα石英-透辉石 = (103/T)2,计算变质温度: (103/T)2 = 解得:T = 1/2×103 = 1098 K (2分) 或 t = 1098 - 273 = 825 ℃ 所以,变质温度为825 ℃。

中国地质大学(北京)2018年考博英语翻译

2018年地大(北京)英语考博翻译试题 Social impacts of technology Although affordances and constraints of technological products are not objective features of them, they can be correlated with objective material features in them. For example, the physical constitution of speed bumps physically prevents cars from speeding without damage to the car or major inconvenience. The physical procedure of fertilization in IVF affords pregnancies without prior physical intercourse. In a particular context of use, these physical features translate into new social realities (new behaviors, new social arrangements, new perceptions and beliefs) that can be identified as impacts of a technological product. Social impacts of technology can be identified at different levels of social analysis, including the micro-level of individuals and their interactions, the meso-level of groups and organizations and their interactions, and the macro-level of social structures, cultural systems and social institutions and their dynamics. For the study of the role of technology in a good society, which is an issue that plays out at the macro-level, macro-level impacts of technology are obviously the most important to consider. However, micro- and meso-level impacts may also need to be considered in order to properly identify and understand macro-level impacts. At the micro-level, technological products may influence their immediate context of use in at least three ways. First, they may affect the behavior of users and the social roles and relations that users build in relation to others. For example, the possession of an automobile may influence where people live and what places they visit, and may also signal social status and identity. Second, technological products will not fit every user profile equally well, meaning that some users will not be able to use them well, or not at all, because they lack the required physical characteristics, knowledge, skills, interests, or access to resources. As a consequence, the introduction of a new technological product will affect potential users in different ways, benefiting some while excluding or marginalizing others. Third, technological products often require the presence of material and social contextual background conditions for them to function well. For example, for automobiles to function well as vehicles for transportation, there must be material and social infrastructure present, such as roads, traffic lights, police, ambulance services, and so forth. The introduction of new technological products will therefore often stimulate the creation of appropriate background conditions for them to function well. This is also a way in which technological products have social impacts. These three types of affordances and constraints, concerning influence on behavior and social roles, selection of user profiles, and selection of material and social background conditions, also play out at the meso-level of groups and organizations.

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勘查地球化学习题集答案

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C H I N A U N I V E R S I T Y O F G E O S C I E N C E S PhD Entrance Examination in English 21April 2003 LISTEN TO THIS! Good morning! You are about to take the English test for people who wish to enter the doctoral program in the earth sciences at this school. The test may be rather different from any exam you’ve taken in the past. The first part is a timed listening exercise. The other four sections test your knowledge of grammar, elementary writing skills and basic vocabulary, plus your reading ability. You can have as much time as you like for the last four parts of the test—within reason, of course. The test has five sections, worth a total of 130 points in all; the answers in part 5, the reading test, are worth three points each. The answers for parts 1,2,3 and 5 (in other words, every part except 4) should be marked on your answer sheet. The answers for part 4 should be written directly on this test paper. Make sure you READ AND FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS for each part of the test! The results of this exam will enable us to compare your preparation in English with that of the other candidates. The “passing” grade is relative; in other words, it will depend on the scores for the whole body of test-takers. You should just relax and do as well as you can. We shall now begin. Turn the page to part 1. Good luck!

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