河南专升本英语知识梳理

2012河南专升本英语知识梳理

一、动词的种类

动词是英语十种词类中最重要、最复杂、最难掌握的一种。按照功能，即能否做谓语，来划分，动词分为两大类：谓语动词(predicate verbs) 和非谓语动词(non predicate verbs)。谓语动词是表示动作或状态的，它又分为：行为动

词 (action verb)、连系动词 (linking verb)、情态动词(modal verb)和助动

词 (auxiliary verb)四种。非谓语动词是动词的一种非限定形式，或非谓语形式。它又分为：动词不定式 (infinitive)、动名词 (gerund)、现在分词 (present participle)和过去分词 (past participle)四种。非谓语动词的用法可参见第一章第一节的专门论述。

二、谓语动词的用法

1. 行为动词

行为动词也叫实义动词 (notional verb)，有完整的词义，能独立做谓语。根据是否需要宾语，行为动词又分为及物动词 (transitive verb) 和不及物动

词 (intransitive verb)。

1) 及物动词：要求后面接宾语，可以用于被动语态。

I fully appreciate your generosity. 我非常感谢你的慷慨大方。

He is respected by everyone in the community. 他受到社区里每个人的尊敬。

I see an opportunity in every challenge. 在每一次挑战中我都看到机会。

Life has its ups and downs. 人生有起有落。

2) 不及物动词：不要求后面接宾语，不能用于被动语态。

He never works hard. 他从不努力工作。

Her plan has changed. 她的计划已经改变了。

Your words and action must match. 言行必须一致。

When people begin to trust you，your level of influence increases.

当人们开始信任你时，你的影响度就提高了。

3) 有些动词可以做及物动词，后面接宾语；也可做不及物动词，后面不接宾语。Change your way of thinking if necessary. 必要时要改变你的思维方式。

We must always change. 我们必须一直改变着。

God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。

Is there anything I can do to help？有没有什么事让我帮忙？

2. 连系动词

连系动词词义不完整，必须和其后的表语一起构成系表结构做谓语。和连系动词一起构成的常用的语法结构(系表结构)有：

1) 连系动词 + 形容词(这种结构最多)。

It felt pleasant taking a walk in the evening. 晚间散步是很愉快的。

The company went broke last year. 这家公司去年破产了。

He is not a big man， but he looks strong. 他个子不高，但看起来很强壮。She remained single all her life. 她一生独身。

2) 连系动词 + 名词。常用的连系动词有：become， die， draw， fall， live， look，make， play， prove， remain， return， seem， stand， turn等。

Her dream has now become a reality.她的梦想已变成了现实。

He died a heroic death. 他牺牲得很英勇。

It proved a difficult task. 那被证明是一项艰巨的任务。

It seemed to me a good idea. 在我看来这似乎是一个好主意。

3) 连系动词 + 分词。常用的连系动词有：appear， become， come， feel， get，grow， look， pass， prove， remain， rest， seem， stand等。

At last the truth became known. 最后真相大白了。

There’s nothing to get excited about. 没有什么可激动的。

The gate remained closed all day long. 大门整天关着。

She seemed lacking in imagination. 她似乎缺乏想象力。

4) 连系动词 + 介词短语。常用的连系动词有：

appear， come， continue， fall， grow，

keep， look， prove， remain， seem， shine， smell， sound， stand， taste 等。

He has fallen into a bad habit. 他沾染了一种坏习惯。

Milk only keeps for a few days. 牛奶只能保鲜数天。

The agreement shall remain in force for a period of five years. 这个协议有效期为5年。

He seems on the watch to control himself. 他似乎很注意控制自己。

3. 情态动词

情态动词表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情感。情态动词是“辅助性”或“帮助性”动词，不能独立使用，而是用来表达不同的意念，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语，无人称和数的变化。情态动词的使用要点如下：

1) can，could 和 be able to 的用法

(1) can和could表示“能，会”，一般用于一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态，而在将来时态和完成时态中必须用be able to结构。表示能力时can与be able to可换用。

Can you type? = Are you able to type? 你会打字吗？

We’ll be able to get you a job soon. (不可用can)我们很快就能给你提供一份工作。

He has been able to finish the work on time. (不可用can)他已经按时完成了工作。

(2) 肯定的推测用must，否定的推测用cannot。

What he says must be true. 他说的一定是真的。

What he says cannot be true. 他说的一定不是真的。

2) may 和 might的用法

may表示许可，可以做或可能发生的事，might是may的过去式。

May I come in? 我可以进来吗?

Anybody may get ill.人人都会生病。

He went by air so that he might arrive earlier.他乘飞机以便早点到达。

3) must和 have to的用法

(1) must和have to表示“必须，不得不”。must强调主观性，表示主观上认为有必要做某事；have to强调客观需要，表示客观环境促使而不得不做某事。must一般只用于现在时态，而have to则有更多的时态形式。

I must learn another language. (主观想法：我想要……)

I have to learn another language. (客观需要：如作为一名外交官，我不得不……)

It’ll have to be finished in two days. 这件事得在两天内完成。

He has had to reconsider his position. 他不得不重新考虑他的立场。

(2) 两者的否定意义不大相同。must not表示“不准，不允许”，而don’t have to 表示“不必”。

You mustn’t go. 你决不可以去。

You don’t have to go. 你不必去。

(3) “must be + 表语”结构表示一种推断和揣测。

This must be Jim’s pen.这一定是吉姆的笔。

There must be something wrong with the machine. 机器准是出了毛病。(4) “must + 动词完成式”结构表示对过去情况的推测。

The ground was very wet.It must have rained during the night. 地面很湿，夜里一定下过雨。

He can’t find his key.He must have left it in the car. 他找不到钥匙了，一定是丢在车上了。

4) dare 做情态动词和行为动词的用法

(1) dare做情态动词时，与动词原形连用，主要用于否定句和疑问句，表示“敢，竟敢”。

She dare not speak in public. 她不敢在公众面前讲话。

How dare you do such a thing? 你怎么敢做这样的事?

(2) dare做行为动词时，常用作及物动词，表示“敢于，敢做，挑战”，后接宾语。在“dare to do something”中to可以省略。

He dares any danger. 他敢冒任何危险。

I dared him to jump into the river. 我激他跳到河里去。

She dares (to) swim in the river. 她敢在那条河里游泳。

I did not dare (to) speak of it. 我不敢说那件事。

5) need 做情态动词和行为动词的用法

(1) need做情态动词时，常用于否定句或疑问句，表示“需要，必须”。You need not do anything here. 你在这里什么也不需要做。

You needn’t go if you don’t want to. 你不想去就不必去。

There need be no hurry， need there? 不必匆忙，是吗？

You needn’t do it at once， need you? 你不需要马上做，是吗?

(2) need做行为动词时，表示“需要，必要”。

He needs to finish it this evening. 他需要今晚完成它。

You will need to say nothing. 你什么也不必说。

6) ought to 的用法

(1) ought to没有词形变化，适用于所有人称和时态，to后面接动词原形。表示理应做的事、应该做的事，意为“应该，应当”。

He is honest， so what he said ought to be true.他很诚实，因此他说的话应该是真的。

The rain has stopped; it ought to be warmer.雨停了，天气应该暖和点了。

(2) “ought to have + 过去分词”结构表示一个与过去事实相反的情况，肯定式表示“应该做某事而没有做”，否定式表示“不应该做某事却做了”。

You ought to have told him that the paint on that seat was wet.

你应该早点告诉他座位上的油漆还没有干。

His wife is selfish.Heoughtn’t to have married her. 他妻子很自私，他本不该娶她的。

(3) ought to，must，have to，should的比较。ought to表示义务或责任，具有针对性。must强调的是主观愿望，指必须做什么，具有权威性。have to 表示某种情况所迫而不得不做某事，具有客观性。should 与ought to 同义，但在日常交际中多用should，表示一般的忠告。

You ought to respect the old. 你应该尊敬长者。

You must do it at once. 你必须立即做这件事。

We’ll have to reconsider the matter. 我们不得不重新考虑这件事。

We should think more for the people. 我们应该多为人民着想。

一、形容词

1. 形容词的语法功能

形容词在句中主要做定语、表语和补足语等。

1) 形容词做定语

A warm smile is the universal language of kindness. 温馨的笑容是友好的通用语言。

Character is the real foundation of all worthwhile success. 性格是成功的真正基础。

2) 形容词做表语

A good reputation is valuable. 好的名声是宝贵的。

If we command our wealth， we shall be rich and free.

如果我们能驾驭财富，我们将会富有和自在。

3) 形容词做补足语

Knowledge makes one gentle， while association makes one perfect.

知识使人优雅，而交往使人完善。

Character must be kept bright. 须保持光明正大的品格。

2. 形容词的比较级和最高级

1) 形容词的比较等级分三级原级比较级最高级darkdarkerdarkesttalltallertallestusefulmoreusefulmost useful2) 形容词比较级和最高级的构成

(1) 规则变化

单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加 er和 est；多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more和most。构成方法原级比较级最高级单

(1) 规则变化

单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加 er和 est；多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more和most。构成方法原级比较级最高级单

most useful(2) 不规则变化

少数形容词的比较级和最高级变化是不规则的。

原级比较级最高级说明manymoremostgood/wellbetterbestbad

badly

illworseworst当badly做“迫切、非常”解时，用more, most形式。如：I need help more badly than he. 我比他更需要帮助。littlelessleastfarfarther furtherfarthest

furthestfarther 与further都可以表示距离、时间上的“更远、更往前”，但表示引申意义“进一步”时用further。如：

I couldn’t walk any farther/further. 我不能走更远了。

I’ll ask for further information. 我将要求得到进一步的情况。oldolder elderoldest

eldest1. older, oldest 用于比较年龄的大小。

如： He is older than I. 他年龄比我大。

2. elder, eldest用于表示家庭中的长幼关系。如：

Boris is my elder brother. 鲍里斯是我哥哥。

Boris is the elder son in the family. 鲍里斯是家中的大儿子。3. 形容词各比较等级的常用句型

1) 原级进行比较

同级比较句型：A + (be) + as + 形容词+ as + B。该句型表示“A和B一样……”。其否定形式为not as...as或not so...as，表示“不如……”。

A man can be as great as he wants to be. 一个人可以变得和自己希望的一样伟大。

This knife is as sharp as that one. 这把刀跟那把刀一样锋利。

What happens is not as important as how you react to what happens.发生的事情不如你对此所做的反应重要。

Richard is not so tall as Tom. 理查德没有汤姆高。

2) 比较级进行比较

(1) more...than 表示“比……更”，两个事物作比较，形容词用比较级，后接连词than，引出比较对象。

Wisdom is more precious than wealth. 智慧比财富更宝贵。

Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。

Health is certainly more valuable than money. 健康当然比金钱更宝贵。Imagination is more important than knowledge. 想象力比知识更重要。

2017河南专升本英语翻译专项试题及答案

2017 河南专升本英语翻译专项试题及答案河南专升本英语的翻译是在平时的复习备考中，仅次于阅读理解的 难题，yjbys 小编建议大家在复习备考的过程中要多做题，练习自己的 语感，培养阅读技巧。以下是yjbys 小编为大家整理的专升本英语翻译 模拟题，希望同学们可以好好练习一下。 1.如果不是因为他的帮助，我们不可能克服重重困难 2.是我们完成工作的时候了。 3.不幸的是他们没能考虑到交通拥挤，到机场时太晚了，没能赶 上那次航班。 4.你一旦定出了一个学习计划，就应该把它付诸实践。 5.他希望在周末能赶上他落掉的课程。 6.You can make your dictionary use much more efficient if you only look up the words which are necessary to understand the text 7.Even if you can't work out the meaning exactly, you may be able to get a vague idea, enough to enable you to continue reading. 8.He said that setting aside time for improving his physical fitness would be a total misuse of his working hours. 9.By watching and learning from a model, you will probably begin to identify and adopt good working habits. 10.He collected much money from his friends and posted it to the people in the earthquake area. 参考答案： 1.Had it not been for his help, we couldn't have overcome all the difficulties. 2.It is time that we finished our work.

(完整word版)2017河南专升本英语真题及答案解析

河南省 2016 年普通高等学校 专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试 公共英语 Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure ( 1 x 40 ) Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence, and then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.- 1. Jane hadn't been to London before. ______ had her husband. A. Neither B. Either C. So D. Or 2. No sooner had he arrived in Rome ______ he heard of the good news. A. when B. than C. then D. until 3. I’m for the suggestion that a special board_____to examine the problem. A. be set up B. will be set up C.must be set up D.has to be set up 4. The disabled children need many things, but____ , they need love. A. first of all B.not at all C.after all D. All in all 5. The coal industry in the north of China is now barely half its ____size. A. Formal B.former https://www.docsj.com/doc/b517302467.html,tter D. later 6. The football player is hoping to____ to another team soon. A. Transfer B.transport C.transplant D. transact 7. ____the garden, the old man went to have a rest. A. Having been watered B. Watering C. Having watered D. Being watered 8. Her_____to the job left her with very little free time. A. devotion B.faith C.trust D.interest 9. The children have been ____since their father left. A.out of style B.under control C.out of control D.in style 10. It is reported _____ great changes have been made with the application of the new policy. A.which B. that C. while D.what 11. The manager promised to keep me _____ of how the project was going on. A. be informed B. Informed C. inform https://www.docsj.com/doc/b517302467.html,rming

2012年河南专升本专业英语真题

2012 年专业英语考试试题及参考答案 Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure (1×30 points) Directions：There are 30 incomplete statements in this part. You are required to complete each one by choosing the most appropriate word or expression from the four choices marked A, B, C and D, then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. 19.are said to be the world’s best watch makers. A. Swisses B. The Swisses C. The Swiss D. Swiss 20.is no reason for discharging him. A. Owing to a few minutes late B. Due to a few minutes late C. Because he was a few minutes late D. The fact that he was a few minutes late 21.These books can give a(n) to children’s reading when they find that they c an read a familiar story with limited vocabulary. A. boost B. impact C. effect D. sense 22.To our horror, we found that the room of death, with dried blood on the floor. A. related B. involved C. smelled D. connected 23.People have to make for their old age by putting aside enough money to l ive on when old. A. supply B. provision C. assurance D. adjustment 24.The rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states where it once . A. thrived B. swelled C. prospected D. flourished 25.I am not with my roommates but I have to share the room with them, because I have nowhere else to stay. A. concerned B. compatible C. considerate D. complied 26.A of the long report by the budget committee was submitted to the mayor for approval. A. shorthand B. scheme C. schedule D. sketch 27.The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look f or her attitude toward customers. A. impartial B. mild C. hostile D. opposing 28.A few miles down the road Joe saw a cafe, and went i n to a bite to eat. A. squeeze B. seize C. grab D. catch 29.He has failed me so many times that I no longer p lace any on what he promises. A. faith B. belief C. confidence D. reliance 30.They believe that cameras in public places are helpful in fighting crimes and they do not really privacy.

河南专升本英语复习试题(八)(新)

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