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(完整word版)数学专升本考试试题

(完整word版)数学专升本考试试题
(完整word版)数学专升本考试试题

高等数学(二)命题预测试卷(二)

一、选择题(本大题共5个小题,每小题4分,共20分。在每个小题给出的选

项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的,把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内) 1.下列函数中,当1→x 时,与无穷小量)1(x -相比是高阶无穷小的是( )

A .)3ln(x -

B .x x x +-232

C .)1cos(-x

D .12-x 2.曲线x

x y 1

33+

-=在),1(+∞内是( ) A .处处单调减小 B .处处单调增加 C .具有最大值 D .具有最小值 3.设)(x f 是可导函数,且1)

()2(lim

000

=-+→h

x f h x f x ,则)(0x f '为( )

A .1

B .0

C .2

D .

2

1 4.若1

)1(+=x x

x f ,则?10)(dx x f 为( )

A .2

1

B .2ln 1-

C .1

D .2ln 5.设x

u

xy u z ??=,

等于( ) A .z zxy B .1-z xy C .1-z y D .z y

二、填空题:本大题共10个小题,10个空,每空4分,共40分,把答案填在

题中横线上。 6.设2yx e z xy +=,则

)

2,1(y

z ??= .

7.设x e x f x ln )(+=',则='')3(f . 8.x x x f -=

1)(,则=)1

(x

f .

9.设二重积分的积分区域D 是4122≤+≤y x ,则??=D

dxdy .

10.x

x x

)211(lim -

∞→= .

11.函数)(21

)(x x e e x f -+=的极小值点为 .

12.若31

4

lim

21=+++-→x ax x x ,则=a . 13.曲线x y arctan =在横坐标为1点处的切线方程为 . 14.函数?=2

sin x tdt y 在2

π=

x 处的导数值为 .

15.=+?-1

122cos 1sin dx x

x

x . 三、解答题:本大题共13小题,共90分,解答应写出推理、演算步骤。 16.(本题满分6分)

求函数???

??

=≠==0 00 1arctan )(x x x

x f 的间断点.

17.(本题满分6分)

计算1

21lim 2

--++∞

→x x x x .

18.(本题满分6分)

计算??

????++→x

x x x 10

)1(arcsin ln lim .

19.(本题满分6分)

设函数?????≤<-+>=-01

)1ln(0 )(1

x x x xe x f x ,求)(x f '.

20.(本题满分6分)

求函数)sin(y x y +=的二阶导数.

21.(本题满分6分)

求曲线342)(x x x f -=的极值点.

22.(本题满分6分)

计算?+dx x x 1

2

3

23.(本题满分6分)

若)(x f 的一个原函数为x x ln ,求??dx x f x )(.

24.(本题满分6分)

已知?∞-=

+0

22

1

1dx x k ,求常数k 的值.

25.(本题满分6分)

求函数5126),(23+-+-=y x x y y x f 的极值.

26.(本题满分10分)

求??+D

dxdy y x )(2,其中D 是由曲线2x y =与2y x =所围成的平面区域.

27.(本题满分10分)

设?-=a

dx x f x x f 02

)()(,且常数1-≠a ,求证:)

1(3)(3

+=?

a a dx x f a

28.(本题满分10分)

求函数x

x

y ln =

的单调区间、极值、此函数曲线的凹凸区间、拐点以及渐近线并作出函数的图形.

参考答案

一、选择题

1.B 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.D 二、填空题

6.122+e 7.3

1

3+e

8.11-x 9.π3

10.2

1-e

11.0=x

12.5 13.)1(2

1

4

-=

-x y π

14.4

sin 2

ππ 15.0

三、解答题

16.解 这是一个分段函数,)(x f 在点0=x 的左极限和右极限都存在.

2

1arctan lim )(lim 00π

-==-→-→x x f x x

21arctan lim )(lim 00π

==+→+→x x f x x

)(lim )(lim 00x f x f x x +

→-

→≠

故当0→x 时,)(x f 的极限不存在,点0=x 是)(x f 的第一类间断点.

17.解 原式=222

1121

11lim

1

21lim

2

2

2

==--+=--++∞

→+∞

→x

x

x x x x x x . 18.解 设x

x x x f 1

)1(arcsin )(++=.

由于0=x 是初等函数)(ln x f 的可去间断点,

故 []

???

???++==→→→x x x x x x x f x f 1

00)1(arcsin lim ln )(lim ln )(ln lim

??

????++=→→x

x x x x 1

00)1(lim arcsin lim ln

1ln )0ln(==+=e e .

19.解 首先在0≠x 时,分别求出函数各表达式的导数,即 当0>x 时,)1

1(1)()(1

2111x e x

xe

e

xe x f x x

x

x

+=?+='='--

--

当01<<-x 时,[]11)1ln()(+='

+='x x x f .

然后分别求出在0=x 处函数的左导数和右导数,即

11

1

lim )0(0

=+='-

→-x f x 0)1

1(lim )0(10

=+='-+→+x

e f x

x 从而)0()0(

+-'≠'f f ,函数在0=x 处不可导. 所以???????<+>+='-0 110 )11()(1x x x x e x f x 20.解 )sin(y x y +=

)cos()cos()1)(cos(y x y y x y y x y +'++='++=' ① [])1()sin()cos()1)(sin(y y x y y x y y y x y '++-'++''+'++-='' []2)1)(sin()cos(1y y x y y x '++-=''+-

)

cos(1)1)(sin(2

y x y y x y +-'++-='' ②

又由①解得)

cos(1)

cos(y x y x y +-+=

'

代入②得2

)

cos(1)cos(1)cos(1)cos(y x y x y x y x y +-???

???+-++

+=

' []

3

)cos(1)

sin(y x y x +-+-

= 21.解 先出求)(x f 的一阶导数:)2

3

(464)(223-=-='x x x x x f

令0)(='x f 即0)23(42=-x x 解得驻点为23

,021==x x .

再求出)(x f 的二阶导数)1(121212)(2-=-=''x x x x x f .

当232=

x 时,09)23(>=''f ,故16

27

)23(-=f 是极小值. 当01=x 时,0)0(=''f ,在)0,(-∞内,0)(<'x f ,在)23

,0(内0)(<'x f

故 01=x 不是极值点.

总之 曲线242)(x x x f -=只有极小值点2

3=

x . 22.解 Θ 11)1(112

222323+-=+-+=+-+=+x x

x x x x x x x x x x x ∴ ????+-=+-=+dx x x

xdx dx x x x dx x x 1)1(1222

3 ?

++-=++-=C x x x x d x )1ln(2

1

211)1(21212222 23.解 由题设知1ln )(ln ln )ln ()(+='+='=x x x x x x x f 故??+=?dx x x dx x f x )1(ln )( ??+=xdx xdx x ln

?+=2221

21ln x dx x

[]

22221

)(ln ln 21x x d x x x +-?=?

22221

121ln 21x dx x x x x ?+-?=

2221

21ln 21x xdx x x ?+-=

C x x x +-=224

1

ln 21.

24.解 Θ ???+?=+=+-∞→∞-∞-02

020211

lim 111a a dx x k dx x k dx x k 2

)arctan (lim arctan lim 0π

?

=-?=?=-∞

→-∞

→k a k x k a a a

2

1

10

2

=+?∞-dx x k

故 212

=

k 解得π

1=k . 25.解 Θ

123,622-=??+-=??y y

f x x f 解方程组?

??=-=+-01230

622y x 得驻点)2,3(),2,3(00-B A

又 Θy f C f B f A yy xy xx 6,0,2

=''==''=-=''= 对于驻点126,0,2:2

30-===-===y x y C B A A ,故0242>=-AC B

∴ 驻点0A 不是极值点.

对于驻点126,0,2:2

30-===-=-==y x y C B A B

故 0242<-=-AC B ,又02<-=A .

∴ 函数),(y x f 在)2,3(0-B 点取得极大值 30524189)2()2,3(3=+++--=-f

26.解 由2x y =与2y x =得两曲线的交点为)0,0(O 与)1,1(A )0(2≥=y y x 的反函数为x y =. ∴

dx y y x dy y x dx dxdy y x x x

x

x

D

21

22

22

1

2

)2

1()()(?????+=+=+

140

33)1034172()21()21(105227

1

0442

5=-+=??????+-+=?x x x dx x x x x 27.证 Θ

???

??

????-=a a

a

dx dx x f x dx x f 0020

)()(

dx dx x f dx x a

a a

?

????

????-=0

00

2

)( ???-=a a

a dx dx x f x 0003)(31

?-=

a dx x f a a 03

)(3

3

)()(3

a dx x f a dx x f a

a

=+?

?

于是)

1(3)(3

+=?

a a dx x f a

28.解 (1)先求函数的定义域为),0(+∞. (2)求y '和驻点:2

ln 1x

x

y -=

',令0='y 得驻点e x =. (3)由y '的符号确定函数的单调增减区间及极值. 当e x <<0时,0ln 12

>-=

'x x

y ,所以y 单调增加; 当e x >时,0<'y ,所以y 单调减少.

由极值的第一充分条件可知e

y e x 1

==为极大值.

(4)求y ''并确定y ''的符号:

3

3

ln 2x

x y -='',令0=''y 得23

e x =. 当2

30e x <<时,0<''y ,曲线y 为凸的; 当2

3e x >时,0>''y ,曲线y 为凹的.

根据拐点的充分条件可知点)2

3,(2

3

2

3-e e 为拐点.

这里的y '和y ''的计算是本题的关键,读者在计算时一定要认真、仔细。 另外建议读者用列表法来分析求解更为简捷,现列表如下:

就表上所给的y '和y ''符号,可得到: 函数x

x

y ln =

的单调增加区间为),0(e ;

函数

x x

y

ln

=的单调减少区间为)

,(+∞

e;

函数

x

x

y

ln

=的极大值为

e

e

y

1

)

(=;

函数

x

x

y

ln

=的凸区间为)

,0(2

3

e;

函数

x

x

y

ln

=的凹区间为)

,

(2

3

+∞

e;

函数

x

x

y

ln

=的拐点为)

2

3

,

(2

3

2

3

-

e

e.

(5)因为0

ln

lim=

+∞

→x

x

x

,∞

=

+

→x

x

x

ln

lim

所以曲线

x

x

y

ln

=有

水平渐近线0

=

y

铅垂渐近线0

=

x

(6)根据上述的函数特性作出函数图形如下图.

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