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专升本英语考试中的重点与难点[1]

专升本英语考试中的重点与难点[1]
专升本英语考试中的重点与难点[1]

专升本英语考试中的重点与难点

-----语法结构与写作

邵润平

西北大学外国语学院

考试形式及试卷结构

I. Vocabulary and structure

1). 存在的问题

2). 解决方法

II. Writing

1). 存在的问题

2). 解决方法

Vocabulary and Structure

一、存在的问题

1、典型、特殊结构掌握不牢靠

2、易混词之间辨析能力差

二、解决方法

1、归类

2、举一反三

3、增强辨析意识

4、强化记忆

一、倒装

1. Only under special circumstances ____ to take make-up tests.

A. are permitted freshmen

B. freshmen are permitted

C. permitted are freshmen

D. are freshmen permitted

1). Only in this way can we succeed.

2). Only by working hard can one succeed.

3). Only when one falls ill does one know the value of health.

4). Only after the accident did he become careful.

5). Only then did I realize the importance of English.

“only + 副词, 介词短语, 状语从句” 位于句首,即当句首状语由only修饰时, 谓语部分需部分倒装。

Only Tom can enter the room freely.

You can come to a sound conclusion only when you have obtained sufficient data.

2. ______ yesterday, I would have asked him not to do that.

A. Had he come

B. Provided he came

C. If he came

D. Has he came

虚拟条件句中的倒装

Were, had, should等词开头的虚拟条件句(即省略了if的虚拟条件句)谓语需部分倒装。

1). Should he come, tell him to phone me.

2). Were I in your position, I would go to the party.

二、虚拟语气中的特殊句型

1. It is necessary that the students ____ more exercises to do.

A. have

B. can have

C. must have

D. will have

(should) + 动词原形

important, necessary, urgent, essential, insistent, vital, advisable,

proper…

2. I had not expected Rose to come and see me, but I _____ that she could

have phoned me.

A. hope

B. hoped

C. had hoped

D. would hope

Mike had hoped that she would answer his letter.

3. Would rather + that-clause

I would rather you stayed at home.

She would rather that he had stayed at home last night.

4. It’s (high/about) time that…

It’s time that the kids went to bed.

It’s high time that we left.

5. 表示祝福或愿望

May you be happy!

May you succeed!

三、易混词的辨析

1. We can’t hear you clearly. You’d better ___ your voice.

A. raise

B. arise

C. rise

D. arouse

2. The doctor used strong medicine to ____ the sick child for cold.

A. restore

B. cure

C. treat

D. recover

3. The new government report on agricultural production is a very

interesting ____.

A. edition

B. volume

C. copy

D. publication

4. When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body

immediately recognizes it as ____.

A. novel

B. remote

C. distant

D. foreign

四、固定短语

1. You are always ____ fault with what I do.

A. thinking

B. seeing

C. discovering

D. finding

2. He offered to ___ her a hand as the suitcase was too heavy for her to

carry.

A. borrow

B. show

C. help

D. lend

3. Scientists will have to ___new methods of increasing the world’s food

supply.

A. come up with

B. come up for

C. come down with

D. come down to

五、非谓语动词

1. There ___ nothing to say, the girl remained silent.

A. was

B. had

C. being

D. having

2. _____ a reply, he decided to write again.

A. Not receiving

B. Not having received

C. having not received

D. Not received

3. Mike used to look hurt and surprised when ____.

A. scolding

B. having scolded

C. to scold

D. scolded

六、定语从句

1. 1).The village (that/which) we visited yesterday is very beautiful.

2). The village where/in which I was born is very beautiful.

2. 1). I won’t forget the days (that/which) I spent in the country.

2). I won’t forget the days when/during which I lived in the country.

3. 1). The reason (that/which) he gave is reasonable.

2). The reason why/ for which he was late is that he had lost the way. 词汇和语法结构:

归类

举一反三

增强辨析意识

强化记忆

Writing

评分标准

1、文章切题, 字数在120个单词以上, 用词和句型无重大错误, 词汇范围和句型灵

活多样, 有少数拼写错误, 得17-20分。

2、文章切题,字数在110-120个单词之间,文章基本通顺,用词和句型较单调,且

有少数语法错误和少数拼写错误,得14-16分。

3、文章基本切题,字数在100个单词左右,文章表达的意思基本清楚,但有重大语

法错误,有不少拼写错误,得10-13分。

4、文章基本切题,字数在80个单词左右,但大部分句子词不达意或不通顺,得7-9

分。

5、文章基本不切题,但写了少数句子,只得1-6分。

6、文章不切题,找不出一个完整而正确的句子,不得分。

关键存在的问题

1、切题一、不切题

2、内容完整二、结构混乱

3、语言连贯三、缺乏逻辑

4、表达清楚准确四、词不达意

5、语言灵活多变五、语言缺乏美感

关键五步

一、读题与审题

二、构思与布局

三、草拟提纲

四、写作

五、检查与修改

一、认真审题

审题-----文章是否切题、文章成败的关键

1、分析题目和提示句(内容)

2、主语人称(避免人称混乱的有效途径)

3、时态、语态、语气有无特殊要求

Example 1

What would happen if there were no power?

Ever since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of our modern life.

If there were no electric power, …

Therefore, …

二、扩展提示句(brainstorming)

围绕关键词,尽可能多地扩展提示句所提供的信息,构建基本框架

Make the most of School Days

1、为什么上学;

2、在校时应多与老师接触;

3、在校时只钻书本或置学习于不顾都不好;

主题;人称;时态

扩展提示句

1、为什么上学(目的)

acquire knowledge; learn how to get on well with others; improve

ourselves; prepare ourselves for the future;

2、为什么应多接触老师(多接触老师的好处)

learned; experienced; learn how to be a man

3、不走两个极端(联想为什么走两个极端都不好)

if we only have the knowledge of the textbooks,…

if we lack the knowledge of the textbooks,…

三、写出段落主题句

文章主题句是作者思维的起点,切题的准绳,阐述的对象;而段落主题句则统领段落的中心内容。好的主题句,不但切题,便于围绕主题句进行扩展,而且常给读者一针见血之感。

好的主题句:

语法结构完整,内容概括,用词简洁明了的单句。

Example 3

Keys to Success

Three fundamental principles should be kept in mind: diligence, devotion and perseverance.

The first key factor to success is diligence, … Devotion, is another key factor to success,…; perseverance, is also necessary in order to make success a certainty,….

No pains, no gains.

Exercise 1

Don’t hesitate to say “No”

1. 在有人要求帮忙时,什么时候应该说“不”?

2. 为什么有人在该说“不”的时候却不说“不”?

3. 该说“不”却没说“不” 的坏处。

1. (We should) say “No” under the following situations (when asked for

help).

2. There are several reasons for people’s hesitating to say “No”.

3. Hesitating to say “No” results in many side effects.

四、草拟提纲

Example 5

Learn how to learn

1、大学生中有许多人把拿到文凭视为学习的目的;

2、也有人认为大学的学习应该以发展个人兴趣和培养特长为目标;

3、我的看法。

1. Ts : Some believe that having a diploma is certainly the destination of

study.

Ds1: Diploma will guarantee opportunities.

Ds2: Their life focuses on how to get a diploma.

2. Ts: Others believe that it is important to develop personal interests and

specialties.

Ds: They can lead to excellent academic achievements, even if at the cost of other subjects.

3. Ts: I believe we should learn how to learn.

Ds1: We should learn broadly.

Ds2: We are supposed to take a wide interest in many disciplines.

五、段内句子的连贯性

除切题之外,作文的另一个重要评分标准是连贯性,即层次分明,思路清晰,文字连贯------承接词

We go to school to become learned and to get ready for the future.

That is to say, we acquire knowledge at school. More than that, we go to school not only to be educated, but also to adjust and perfect ourselves, for school consists of different people with different nature. Thus, it

enables us to deal with relationships among various peoples. School also trains us to have clear and sound minds. Therefore, we can be useful to the society.

承接词

1、表总结、归纳

generally speaking, in general, in short, in summary, obviously, in brief, to sum up, generally, in a word, to conclude, therefore, in conclusion…

2、表比较、对比

like, otherwise, rather than, on the contrary, whereas, in contrast,

similarly, unli ke, however, but, nevertheless, on the one hand…, on the other hand…

3、表举例、列举

for example, for instance, to begin with, first, second, third; such as,

moreover, what’s more, for one thing, for another, finally, in addition, in the first place, first of all, besides

4、表原因、结果

because, as, for, since, thus, so, therefore, hence, consequently, because of, for this reason, on account of, due to, as a result of, owing to…

5、表强调

especially, particularly, no doubt, certainly, indeed, needless to say, in fact,

a ctually, …

6、表让步

although, even though, after all, yet, despite, in spite of, as, though…

六、句式的多样性

1、There be 句型

2、倒装结构

3、祈使句

4、感叹句

4、疑问句

5、强调句

6、长、短句

7、省略句标点的多样性

七、检查与修改

1、是否切题

1)文章内容是否切合文章标题要求;

2)段落主题句是否与各段提示句内容一致;

3)段落内部的内容是否与段落主题句表达一致;

2、是否连贯

段落之间是否连贯,句子是否自然流畅,连接词是否恰当

3、是否有语法错误

主谓一致,时态,语态,人称,语气,词组搭配

4、是否有大小写、拼写、标点错误

How to develop a paragraph

Plan a paragraph

Think of the topic/theme/main idea

Think of the details/examples/facts

Arrange them in a logical order

Ways of developing paras.

1. Development by time

time order

telling a story,

recounting an event

2. Development by process

to explain how sth is done.

time order

step-by-step description

3. Development by space

to describe a place

to decide on the order in which to name different parts;

4. Development by detail

talk about experience, news or historical events;

a general statement:

“I saw a very funny film yesterday.”

“A traffic accident occurred at the crossroads north of our school.”

5. Development by example

If details are used to illustrate a general point, the become examples.

“The dictionary is very useful.”

6. Development by generalization

from the general to the specific

from the specific to the general

7. Development by comparison and contrast

similarity & difference

8. Development by cause and effect

effect----- causes

cause------effects

9. Development by classification

“The 40 students of this class fall into 3 groups.”

“ Every educated person has at least two ways of speaking his mother tongue.”

10. Development by definition

a. give a synonym

“ to mend means to repair.”

b. use a sentence

“ Ink is colored water that is used for writing.”

c. write a para. Or even an essay.

11. Development by a combination of methods

基本句子结构

S.V

S.V.O

S.V.O.O

S.V.C

S.V. O.C

Effective sentences

U nity

C oherence

c onciseness

Unity

Unified sentence-----expression of a single complete thought in words, and consequently it produces a single effect.

e.g.

Born in a small town in South China in 1937, he grew up to be a musician. The girl is too young.

Coherence

A sentence is coherent when its words or parts are properly connected and

their relationships made unmistakably clear.

一、并列结构

A man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he does.

and, but, or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not…but, not only… but also, both… and

e.g.

He likes to sing, to swim and table-tennis.

We thought she was charming, intelligent, and a very capable young woman.

二、指代关系

She told my sister that she was young.

He was knocked down by a bicycle but it was not serious.

As she was greatly influenced by her history teacher, she chose it as her major.

In Dreiser’s Sister Carrie, he describes a penniless girl’s way to success.

三、修饰语

To get up early, the clock was set at six.

Rotted in the cellar, he had to throw away the potatoes.

Although seriously ill, the boss made her work ten hours a day in the hot workshop.

Nanjing University has many well-known professors at home and abroad. The Japanese mountaineer sent us the full story of his rescue from Tibet.

四、转移

An important thing for the student to remember is that when writing a paper, you should not plagiarize.

Students who wish to take linguistics are asked to sign his name on a sheet of paper.

He left the library when his paper is written.

五、混合及不完整结构

By taking a No. 10 bus is one way to get to Tian An Men.

His job is a policeman.

My hometown is closer to Nanjing than Shanghai.

Conciseness

Avoid wordiness and unnecessary repetition.

年老,口中无牙。

老,无牙。

It was blue in color, round in shape, small in size.

In my opinion, I think your plan is feasible.

How to polish sentences

高级词汇替换简单词汇

ways—approaches

carry out---implement

make it easier---facilitate

ability---proficiency

2. 善于使用副词

increasingly, exceedingly, additionally, undoubtedly, relatively,

comparatively, consequently, completely, universally, accordingly….

3. 适当使用涉及高级词汇短语

harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is

universally acknowledged that----think

for my part, from my own perspective--- in my opinion

bear/keep in mind----remember

4. 善于运用符合英语习惯的句式

Have interest in, take interest in, be interested in

--- sth. appeals to sb.

sth. exerts a fascination on sb.

Doing morning exercises is good for our health.

It is good for our health to do morning exercises.

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3.代词 4.数词 5.形容词 6.副词 7.介词 8.动词 9.连词 10.感叹词 (二)句法 1.基本句型 2.句子按用途分类 (1)陈述句 (2)疑问句 <3)祈使句 (4)感叹句 3.句子按结构分类 (1)简单句 (2)并列句 (3〉复合句 (三)构词法 1.派生法 2.合成法 3.转换法四、阅读 考生应能读備各种题材(包括社会生活、人物传记、科普、史地、政经、文化等)和体裁(包括记叙文、说明文、描写文、议论文、应用文等)、生词量不超过所读材料2%的文字材料。考生应能理解所读材料的主旨大意,掌握主要事实和有关细节,辨识作者的基本态度和观点,能根据有关信息进行一定的推理、判断或引申。 ?22 ?

考试形式及试卷结构 试卷总分:150分 考试时间:150分钟 考试方式:闭卷.笔试 试卷内容比例: 语音约3% 语法与词汇约10% 完形填空约20% 阅读理解约40% 补全对话约10% 短文写作约1_祕 详细的考査内容和要求如下: 第一部分:语音 共5个小题,每小题1分,共5分。要求从所给的四个单词的划线部分中选出一个与其他三个读音不同的选项。 第二部分:语法与词汜 共15小题,每小题丨分,共15分。每小题留有空白处,要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出一个锒佳答案填入空白处,使句子符合语法规则,意思完轱。 第三部分:完形填空 共15个小题,每小题2分,共30分。该部分是一篇200词左右的短文,短文中有15处空白,每个空白为1小题。每小题有四个选项,要求考生在阅读理解文章内容的基础上,选择一个圾佳答案.使短文的意思和结构合理、完整。 第叫部分:阅读理解 共20个小题,每小题3分,共60分。该部分由5篇文章组成,阅读 馕为1 500词左右,每篇文韋后有若干小题.要求考生在理解全文的基础 上,从题后给出的四个选项屮选出一个最符合题意的答案。? 24 ?

20XX年浙江专升本考试《英语》学习技巧-专升本.doc

2015年浙江专升本考试《英语》学习技巧-专升本2015年浙江专升本考试《英语》学习技巧,更多专升本考试资讯,专升本复习指导,专升本经验技巧,请关注专升本 (http:///xueli/zsb/)。 一、词汇是基础的基础,必须每天坚持背诵

记忆方法因人而异,但一条不变的真理就是词汇不但要会背,而且要会用。所以背诵文章、例句的效果远比干巴巴地背单词要好得多,而且有趣得多。当然最好是在理解的基 础上背诵。 记忆词汇的途径有以下几种: 1)词汇书; 2)范文;

3)新概念等; 注意:词汇记忆时,眼、口、耳、脑、手并用可能效果好一些,而且这对提高听力也会 有很大的帮助。 记忆词汇的方法多种多样,关键是要找到一种适合自己的,并不断的坚持下去。 分类记忆:

1)据领域分类:如水果类,家具类,文具类 等 2)据同义词、近义词记忆。 学了一个新单词,就联想以前学了哪些相近的词,并记住这些词在感情色彩、用法等各方面的细微差异;同义词辨析在写作的词汇积累中也异常重要。建议在复习时加强对对同义词、近义词的了解和辨析,增加写作词汇的多样性和正确性,从而提高作文质量。

总之,同义词的比较记忆法也可在写作中有莫大的帮助。同时对其他考题——翻译题、改错题、完型填空题、简答题等也大有裨益。 建议大家在初期准备随身携带一本单词书籍,推荐唯一针对浙江普通高校专升本考试的三贤出版的《英语单词随身背》。 二、阅读理解备考,一定要多读、多做题

阅读理解的做题习惯也是因人而异。一般先看题干,再看原文,最后做题。做题时有一定技巧,如找主题句,表转折,递进等关系的连词,大家可在做题时总结一下,但总体来说,多积累词汇、多做题时这个阶段必须要做的。浙江专升本联考英语不简单,也不是很难,介于四级和高考水平间。 切记:阅读理解是根据原文作答而不是我们 自己的观点、想法。 备考期间,建议首选模拟卷卷,一定要精心研究;另外是自己感兴趣的读物。

专升本英语考纲

江西统考专升本《统考英语》考试大纲 一、关于《统考英语》考试的几点说明: 1、《统考英语》课程为全省统考,内容为听力理解、阅读理解、词汇与语法、完形填空和写作; 2、《统考英语》课程全卷满分为100分,难度介于三级和四级之间; 3、考试时考生需要自备调频收音机用于听力部分的考试。 二、《统考英语》考试大钢是根据《普通高等专科学校英语课程教学基本要求》和1999年颁发的《大学英语教学大纲》的要求,广大考生复习时可参考考试大纲。 (一)、考试题型由听力理解、阅读理解、词汇与语法、完形填空和写作五部分组成;(二)、考试的题型、参考用时与分数权重 题型参考用时权重 听力理解20分钟20题20% 阅读理解40分钟20题40% 词汇与语法20分钟40题20% 完形填空15分钟20题10% 写作25分钟1题15% 三、考试内容及要求 (一)听力理解专升本统考英语考试的第一部分是听力理解。这部分共20个小题,有A节和B节两部分组成。A节是由10个段对话构成,每个对话之后有一个问题,每段对话读一遍。B节由三篇短文组成,每篇短文之后有3—4个问题,共10道题。其目的在于测试考生接受、理解和记忆音响信息的能力,要求考生在考试限定的时间内对所听到的内容作出果断的抉择。 (二)阅读理解阅读理解有四篇短文组成,每篇短文大约300个词左右,阅读量在1200个词左右。每篇短文之后有5个选择题,每题两分。这一部分共40分,它的选材原则是:题材广泛,可以包括人物传记、社会、文化、日常知识、科普常识、时事政治等,但是所涉及的背景知识应能为学生所理解;题材多样,可以包括记叙文、说明文、议论文等;文章的语言难度中等,无法猜测又影响理解的关键词,如果超出教学大纲词表范围,用汉语注明语义。其目的在于测试学生掌握所读材料的主旨大意的能力;了解说明主旨大意的事实和细节,既能理解字面意思,又能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论。既能理解个别句子的意义,也能理解上下文的逻辑关系的能力。 (三)词汇与语法体量为40题,共计20分。词汇题是考察考生对词汇及词组的辩异能力以及在句子中的具体运用,专升本《统考英语》要求掌握3500个词汇和900个短语,可参考四级词汇和短语复习。其目的是测试考生对标准英语书面语法结构的掌握程度。(四)完形填空完形填空测试考生在句子水平上运用语言的某种能力。此项考试参考用时为15分钟。在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约200个词)中留有20个空,每个空白为一题,每题有四个选项,要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案,使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。 (五)写作此部分要求考生能在阅读难度与课文相仿的书面材料时做笔记、回答问题、写提纲和摘要,能在半小时内就一定的话题、提纲、表格写出120—150词的短文,能写报告、评论、发言稿和日常应用文等,内容完整,文理完整,文理通顺,表达思想清楚。

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专升本公共课-《英语》课程教学大纲 课程类别:辽宁省高职高专应往届毕业生升入本科学校继续学习招生考试公共课 学时:48学时(基础班)24学时(冲刺班)分数:150分 适用范围:参加辽宁省专升本考试的应往届毕业生 一、课程说明 1. 本课程与其他课程的关系 《英语》是专升本考试的一门基础课程,具备一定的英语能力是考生必备的要素之一。英语单科总分:150分。占考试总分数的25%。只有基础课(英语+计算机)成绩达到一定的分数线,并总分(公共基础课+专业)达到录取分数线,才能被报考院校录取。 2. 本课程的教学特点 本课程采用基础班+冲刺班的教学模式 本课程采用“以学生需求为中心”的教学理念,从学生的实际需求出发,倡导学生主动学习,鼓励学生打好坚实的基础、树立必胜的信心。 本课程按照《专升本英语考试大纲》的要求,结合我省高职高专学生的学习现状,根据学生的英语实际水平划分为“基础班”和“冲刺班”两个教学层次,各层次课程教学采用不同的教学材料和教学方法,制定不同的教学计划,采用不同的教学进度,教学重点各有侧重:基础班重点讲解英语语言基础知识和各种题型的答题方法。教学时数长、进度相对较缓,本着实用的原则,注重基础知识的学习,循序渐进,稳步提高。冲刺班突出实践和临场答题策略,通过真题和模拟题的实战,熟练各种题型的答题技巧和策略,教学时数短、进度快,快速提高考试成绩。 二、课程的任务 经过48+24学时的教学,培养学生的英语综合应用能力和应试能力。通过该课程系统的学习,让学生了解英语考试的基本形式和内容,并对考试大纲中的重点和难点有更深入的认识和理解。通过各种知识点深入浅出的讲解,使学生具有扎实的英语语言基础知识、较强的英语阅读能力,一定的翻译和写作能力,帮助学生打下坚实的语言基础,掌握良好的语言学习方法和专升本考试各种题型的答题方法,为专升本考试做好充分的准备。在本课程的教学过程中采用科学的教学方法,努力培养学生良好的学习习惯,增强学生自主学习的能力,进而大幅提高专升本英语考试成绩、实现顺利考上理想大学的最终目标。 三、课程的教学目标 总体教学目标: 参照辽宁省专升本英语科目的《考试大纲》,有针对性地指导学生学习,要求学生掌握英语基本知识和答题技巧,包括英语词汇、语法知识、应用技能、学习方法和答题策略等方面的内容,使学生具备词汇、语法正确运用、综合阅读、翻译和英语应用文写作的能力。通过科学合理的课程教学提高考试成绩。 具体教学目标:

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一.考证热 Nowadays, there is no consensus of opinions among people around us with respect to the viewpoint on certificates craze. Some people claim that it is meaningful and should be supported, while others maintain that it is meaningless and useless. From my own perspective, many individuals argue that getting more certificates is useful not only because a majority of university graduates, who have to face fierce competition in such a tight job market, believe that holding various certificates will help prove their abilities to some extent but also because many employers and human resources managers, in today’s China, measure a person’s ability merely by diplomas and certificates. On the contrary, that others consider that this phenomenon should not be encouraged mainly arises from the fact that they believe a certificate is not a symbol of one’s practical capability and the circumstances that many students running after more certificates can not concentrate on their major subjects. Taking into account all these features above, we can draw a conclusion that participating in certificate examinations has its both advantages and disadvantages(此句可省略).As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the latter opinion in that I feel practical ability is most important and even decisive in our actual work. As a consequence, we should focus on improving our comprehensive quality instead of getting a certificate of no practical value. 二.出国留学利弊 Nowadays, there is no consensus of opinions among people around us with respect to the viewpoint on studying abroad. Some persons believe that studying abroad is meaningful and exciting while others feel that it is a waste of time, energy and money. Many individuals take the attitude that studying in a foreign university is beneficial not only because these overseas students can improve their foreign language very quickly and are likely to get good jobs after they finish their studies but also because these students, in the foreign cultural background, will enjoy a completely new life style, which opens an amazing world to them and helps enrich their life experiences. On the contrary, quite a few people argue that studying abroad also has its negative effects. For one thing, the overseas students, in order to help support themselves, have to find part-time jobs, because the cost of living in a foreign country is comparatively high. For another, a totally new environment with so many different social customs and behavioral habits may also be a barrier, which is very difficult to overcome, especially for some new comers. As far as I am concerned, the advantages of studying abroad outweigh its disadvantages.But, for me, it is a big decision to go abroad and I should take everything into consideration beforehand, such as my financial conditions and ability to adapt to new surroundings. Personally, I choose to go abroad if I find it practical in the future. 三.原因分析型The Celebration of Western Festivals Nowadays, there is no doubt that an increasing number of Chinese people are keen on celebrating some western festivals with the development of society and economy. A case in point is the Valentine’s Day, for most lovers give flowers and chocolate to each other.

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