科技英语翻译与写作考试重点
英译汉
1. The Committee prepared this paper because its members recognized that the government has failed to establish an energy policy capable of providing a comprehensive energy source mix that can meet our requirements for the last portion of this century and the greater portion of the next.
该委员会制订这份文件,是因为该委员会的成员看到政府已不能制订能提供全面能源的政策,以满足我们在本世纪末和下一世纪的大部分时间里的需要。
2. Between 2 billion and 3 billion years ago, portions of the surface water, bathed by the energetic radiation from the sun, developed complicated compounds in organization sufficiently versatile to qualify as what we call “life”.
在 20 亿年到 30 亿年前, 地球表面的一部分水在太阳的强辐射作用下, 导致了结构复杂的化合物出现。这些化合物结构灵活多样, 足以被我们称为“生命”。
3. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
假如没有那些以昆虫为食的动物保护我们, 昆虫将吞噬我们所有的庄稼, 害死我们的牛羊家畜, 使我们不能生存于世。
4. Such a large choice of materials allows and leads to the construction of new machines and equipment which were not possible to imagine on the limited choice given to the engineer of a hundred years ago.
由于在材料方面有这样广泛的选择余地,因而现在可以制造许多新的机器和设备,而这些机器和设备在一百年前是不可能想象的,因为当时工程师选择材料的余地有限。
5. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities.
到目前为止, 经历了18和19两个世纪, 这种新的倾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊, 而把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市的中心地区。
1. The classical Greek civilization knew of seven metals: gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, lead and mercury. 在古希腊文明社会里，人们已经知道使用金银铜铁锡铅和水银七种金属。
2.Now we have a better understanding of Einstein’s special theory of relativity after attending a series of lectures on the topic.参加了一系列相关讲座后，我们加深了对爱因斯坦狭义相对论的理解.
3.The holographic image (全息照片）must be viewed by looking directly through the film. Consequently，the size of the film limits the size of the audience that may view it at one time.全息图像一定要直接透过底片才能观看。因此，底片的尺寸使同时观看的人数受到限制。
4.Sodium hydroxide （氢氧化钠）is a strong base.氢氧化钠是一种强碱。
5.The half-lives of certain radioactive substances are very long.某些放射性物质的半衰期很长。
6. Friction is usually the main cause of wear.摩擦是造成磨损的主要原因。
7.A body will expand when heated and contract when cooled.物体热胀冷缩。
8.They got a heavy fine due to the breach of the contract.由于违反了合同，他们受
到了巨额罚款。
9. The image forms on the plate and is then developed.图像形成于底片，接着冲洗出来。
10. The next step would be to try to develop means for sending television pictures. 下一步就是要寻求发送电视图片的方法了。
1.Matters consist of molecules and molecules of atoms.物质是由分子组成的，而分子是由原子组成的。
2. Accurate in operation and high in speed, computers can save man a lot of time and labor.由于计算机运算准确，速度快，所以能节省人类大量的时间和精力。
3.Solids in greatly different degrees resist being changed in shape.各种固体抗形变的程度极不相同。
4.Machinery has made the products of manufactories very much cheaper than formerly.因为使用机器的缘故，工厂的产品比以前价格便宜多了。
5.Changing the number of turns of coils may set up or set down the voltage.改变线圈匝数可以升压或降压。
6. In case the air moves slowly, there will be a breeze.空气慢慢流动，就会产生微风。
7. Physics is the study of heat, sound, magnetism, electricity, light, the properties of matter and what it is composed of.物理学研究热，声，磁，电，光，物质的性质及其成分。
8. Alternating current has a lot of advantages.交流电优点很多。
9.Throughout the world come into use the same signs and symbols of mathematics.全世界都采用相同的数学符号。
10. Water evaporates more rapidly when the temperature is high than when it is low.温度高，水蒸发得快；温度低，水蒸发得慢。
1.Among the most noteworthy achievements at that time was the realization that light consists of electromagnetic waves.当时最引人注目的成就之一是人们认识到了光是由电磁波构成的。
2.The 1960s witnessed the great advance in electronics industry with the emergence of the large-scale integrated circuits随着大规模集成电路的出现，电子工业在60年代取得了巨大发展。
3.The electric resistance of iron is not so small as that of copper.铁的电阻不像铜的电阻那样小。
4. The nature of the organism causing measles remained unclear until 1911, when it was proved to be a virus. 引起麻疹的有机体的性质曾一直是一个不解之迷，直到1911年才证实它是一种病毒。
5. A continuous increase in the temperature of a gas confined in a container will lead to a continuous increase in the internal pressure within the gas. 不断提高密闭容器内气体的温度，会使气体内的压力不断增大。
6.The new liquid crystals feature wide working temperature range, low operation voltage and high reliability.新型液晶的特点是工作温度范围宽，工作电压低，可靠性高。
7.The number of molecules in any object is unimaginably large.任何一种物体中的分子数量是大得难以想象的。
8.The modern world is experiencing rapid development of science and technology.当今世界科学技术正在迅速发展
9.The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.第二方面，所有社会成员都使用科学家们在其工作中使用的特殊思维方法和工作方法。
10.Radar is a newly developed technique by which people can see the things beyond the visibility of them.雷达是一种新开发的技术，利用雷达人们能看到视线以外的东西。
1.Modern scientific discoveries lead to the conclusion that energy may be created from matter and that matter, in turn, may be created from energy.近代科学的发现得出这样的结论，物质可以产生能量，能量又可以产生物质。
2.The county’s peanut yield this year was equal to th at in last year while the input decreased by a factor of three.我县今年花生产量与去年持平，而投入减少三分之二。
3. Aluminum is 3 times as light as copper. Copper is 3 times as heavy as aluminum.铝比铜轻2/3，铜比铝重2倍。
4.Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.许多人认为蜘蛛是昆虫，但它们不是，甚至与昆虫毫无关系。
5.Mechanical seal and ball bearing may be left assembled unless it is necessary to service them.机械密封和滚珠轴承若不需要维修，就不必拆卸。
6.Nothing can be done about the external noise except change the geographical position of the receiver.只有改变接受机的地理位置才能消除这种外部噪声。
7.Besides voltage, resistance and capacitance, an alternating current is also influenced by inductance.除电压，电阻和电容外，电感也影响交流电。
8.In this case the risk of lung cancer falls to 30 to 50 percent that of smokers.在这种情况下，患肺癌的危险性下降到吸烟者的30%到50%。
9.Some plastics have been discovered by accident.某些塑料是偶然发现的。
10.No machine ever runs in the absence of some friction.没有一定的摩擦力机械不会运转的。
定语：
Mercury weighs about 14times as much as water.水银的重量大约是水的14倍。
This is possible because of our assumption that transistor is a linear amplifier over the range of voltages and currents of interest.之所以能这样，是因为我们假设晶体管在我们感兴趣的电压，电流范围内是一个线性放大器。
Water has a variable efficient of expansion.水的膨胀系数是可变的。
The advance of science has been very great during the last fifty years.过去50年科学有了极大的发展。
In case of shortage of iron and steel, industry would undergo extreme difficulties in its development.要是缺少钢铁，工业的发展就会发生很大困难。
The return of the light into the same medium in which it has been traveling is reflection。光线回到原来传播的媒介物，就是反射。
There are also design and engineering sections in the company, where plans for the next year’s car are worked out, and where mechanical improvements are developed.工厂里还有设计和工程部，这些部门负责制定系一年的汽车生产计划，并研究机械的改进方法。
The lungs are subject to several diseases which are treatable by surgery.肺易受多种疾病的侵袭，但均可进行手术治疗
Seven victims who refused the electric shock therapy suffered complications such as swelling, bleeding, shock and kidney failure. 有七个患者因为拒绝实施电击疗法，均出现了浮肿、出血、休克以及肾功能衰竭等并发症。
To make a bomb, we have to use uranium 235, in which all the atoms are available for fission.制作原子弹,必须使用铀235,因为它的所有原子都可以裂变。
We cannot live on Mars, where there is no air and water.我们不能在火星上生存,因为那里没有空气,也没有水.
The first thing that will be done is to measure the voltage across this component.要做的第一件事是测出该元件两端的电压。The force required to stretch a spring is proportional to the amount it is stretched.拉伸弹簧所需的力正比于拉伸的长度。Here we shall discuss only such factors as may cause distortions of the signal.这里我们将只讨论可能引起信号失真的那些因素。
The substance in which there are many free electrons is called a conductor.存在许多自由电子的物质称为导体。
“Parallel” is used here to refer to two straight lines, the distance between which remains the same.这里我们把“平行”这个词来指其间隔距离保持相同的两根直线。Perhaps this is the death ray , which we often read about in science fiction.也许这就是我们在科学幻想小说中常常读到的那种“死光”。
The factory has produced two kinds of chemicals, the quality of which is good.这个工厂生产了两种高质量的化学制品。
Fig.2-1 represents a solid conductor of irregular shape, to which has been given a charge q.图2-1显示了一个形状不规则且带有电荷q的固体导体。
The problem has been how to harness the tremendous power which the earth receives from the sun.地球每天都从太阳那里获得巨大的能量，问题是如何利用这些能量。
Ohm’s law can be written as V=IR where V represents voltage, I current and R resistance.欧姆定律可写成V=IR，式中V表示电压，I表示电流，R表示电阻。
During a fever there is an increase in metabolism that is usually proportional to the amount of fever.在发烧期间新陈代谢就会增强，其增强的程度通常与热度的高低成正比。
The growth of the computer industry created the need for trained personnel who do nothing but prepare the programs which direct the computer.计算机工业的发展促使需要一种训练有素的人员，其任务是编制指挥计算机工作的程序。
The movement of free electrons in a conductor constitutes an electric current of which there are two kinds.自由电子在导体中的运动形成了电流，而电流共有两种。
The lightest element is hydrogen, the atom of which consists of a nucleus of only one proton, round which revolves only one electron.最轻的元素是氢，氢原子由一个氢核构成，这个氢核中只有一个质子，而绕氢核旋转的只有一个电子。
Some materials have a very high resistance, because of which they can be used as insulators to prevent the leakage of current.有些物质的电阻率很高，因此可以用作绝缘体来防止漏电。
The speed of sound in air at ordinary temperature is about 1,100 feet per second, which is about one mile in five seconds or about 700 miles per hour.常温时，声音
在空气中的速度为每秒约1，100英尺，即大约每5秒1英里，或者每小时700英里。
Fat and oil molecules dissolve only in liquids whose molecules are similar to theirs, which is why gasoline is a solvent for these compounds.脂肪和油分子只溶解在分子与它们类似的液体中，这就是为什么汽油是这些化合物的溶剂的原因。
Some materials are liable to absorb moisture, which will adversely affect their insulating properties.某些材料容易受潮，这会降低它们的绝缘性能。
汉译英
1.收音机、录音机和电视机的重要作用
The important role of radio sets, recorder and TV sets
2.采、选、冶自动化
Automation in mining, mineral processing and metallurgy
3.中国冶金技术发展的历史
The history of the development of metallurgical technology in China
4.深矿开采设备耐火液压的选择
The selection of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids for mining equipment of deep mines 5.用双风墙法改善矿井通风的技术优点
Technical advantages of improving mine ventilation by the double-stopping method 6.购买了这种通信装置，公安部门将能大大提高工作效率。
Purchase of such telecommunications equipment will substantially improve the working efficiency of the public security department.
7.各种干扰源产生很大的噪音，淹没了我们所需要的无线电信号。
The great noise coming from various interference sources suppressed our desired radio signals.
8.我们的主要目标之一是研制出一种包装，既要结实牢靠，布线量又要最少。
One of our primary goals was to develop a sort of package not only in firm compact form, but also with minimal wiring.
9.全部成品出厂前必须在实验室进行检验，严格把关，一丝不苟。
All products must be inspected strictly and scrupulously in the lab of the factory before delivery.
10.本文研究一个实例，探索在一个医疗单位里如何利用通信工具来提高医疗护理工作的质量。
The article is a case study of how to use telecommunications in a medical unit to improve the quality of health care.
1.磁铁能吸引铁质材料，这一现象是大家所熟知的。
A magnet attracts iron materials, a familiar phenomenon.
2.由于该设备体积小、重量小，价格低廉，所以在许多领域得到了广泛应用。
Small in size, light in weight and low in price, this device has found wide applications in many fields.
3.该物体的速度为零.
This object has a speed of zero.
4.该仪表的优点是易于看出波形的变化。
This instrument has the advantage that we can see the change in waveform.
5.有些导体的电阻取决于流经它们的电流。
Some conductors have resistances which depend on the currents flowing through them.
6.本文提出了一种改进方法，它能加快信噪分离。
This paper presents an improved method, which can speed up the separation of the signal from the noise.
7.本文讨论了电波滤波器的工作情况及其设计方法。
This paper discusses the operation of and the approaches to electric wave filters.
8.用哪个字母来表示自变量是没有关系的。
It does not matter which letter is used to represent the independent variable.
9.所有这些方程都可以用类似上面所述的方法来解。
All these equations can be solved by the method similar to that described above.
10.经常出现这样的情况：x＞1.
The situation often arises where x＞1。
被动语态：
The current has just been turned off.电流才切断。
While a current is flowing through a wire, the latter is being heated.电流流过导线时，导线就发热。
Were the wire of a small diameter, its resistance would be increased.如果导线的直径小一些，它的电阻就会增大。
The ripple is very much reduced by the double filtering action.波纹通过双重滤波作用而大大减弱了。
When rust is formed, a chemical change has taken place.铁生锈时，就发生了化学变化。
Whenever two objects are rubbed together, electrons are transferred from one object to the other.当两个物体在一起摩擦时，电子便从一个物体转到另一个物体。Sometimes the communications would be seriously disturbed by solar spots.有时候，通讯会受到太阳黑子的严重干扰。
These problems must be solved before a chain reaction starts.这些问题必须在连锁反应开始之前加以解决。
The liquid fuel rocket is continuously improved.液体燃烧火箭不断得到改进。Explanations of the earth’s magnetic field based on the rotation of a liquid, conducting core, although far from complete, are generally accepted.用液态导电地心的旋转来解释地球磁场，尽管还很不完善，但正在获得普遍承认。
If the amount of positive and negative charges is varied, the electron stream can be made to bend up or down in varying amounts.如果正负电荷的量发生变化，电子流上下弯曲的程度也随之变化。
Acknowledge of statistics is required by every type of scientist for the analysis of data.各类科学家要分析数据，都需要有统计学知识。
Earthquakes seem less easy to be controlled by man than weather.人类要控制地震似乎比控制天气更不容易。
Mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy through a generator.发电机能把机械能再转变成电能。
Even when the pressure stays the same, great changes in air density are caused by changes in temperature.即使压力不变，气温的变化也能引起空气密度的巨大变化。
Friction can be reduced and the life of the machine prolonged by lubrication.润滑能减少摩擦，延长机器寿命。
At that time it was found that an electric current can produce the heating effect.当时人们发现电流能产生热效应。
Silver is known to be the best conductor.我们知道，银是最好的导体。
The material is said to behave elastically.我们说，这种材料具有弹性。Fundamentally, electronics is based upon an understanding of the physical world, that is ,upon physics.电子学基本上是以人们对物质世界的认识，也就是以物理学为基础的。
Potassium and sodium are seldom met in their natural state.人们很少见到自然状态的钾和钠。
Salt is known to have a very strong corroding effect on metals.大家知道，盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用。
Measures have been taken to diminish friction.已经采取措施来减少摩擦。
In this case, a 2-mV signal may be applied to the input of the amplifier.在这种情况下，可以在放大器的输入端加一个两毫伏的信号。
A film of oil is inserted between the sliding surfaces of a bearing.在轴承的滑动面之间上了一层油膜。
The resistance can be determined provided that the voltage and current are known.只要已知电压和电流，就能确定电阻。
Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be manufactured.要制造飞机，就必须仔细考虑空气阻力。
If a 10-kilogram box is lifted one metre, the work done is 10-kilogram-metre.若把一只重10公斤的箱子升高1米，则所做的功为10公斤.米。
If an open bottle is set upright in liquid helium, the liquid will move up the outer side of the bottle and run down inside.如果把一个开口的瓶竖放在液态氦中，这种液体会沿着瓶子的外壁向上移动，流进瓶里。
If a voltage is applied across the terminals of a closed circuit, an electric current will flow in the circuit.如果把电压加在闭合电路的两端，电路中就会有电流流动。
To slow down neutrons, the uranium may be put into the reactor in the shape of rods, and the rods surrounded with a neutron-slower, such as graphite.要使中子减慢，可将铀制成棒形置于反应堆中，在棒的四周再围以中子减速剂，如石墨。
Radars have been used extensively for mapping geological structures and features.雷达一直被广泛用来绘制地质结构和地质特征图。
This kind of steel is not corroded by air and water.这种钢不会被空气和水腐蚀。Each dot of light is translated by the camera tube into an electronic signal.每一个光点都由摄像管转换成电子信号。
Sound is carried by air, and without air there can be no sound.声音靠空气传播，因此没有空气也就没有声音。
It took 200years for this idea to become accepted by most scientists.这一设想过了200年以后才为大多数科学家所接受。
A chemical element is represented by a symbol.化学元素用符号来表示。
We assume that this condition is fulfilled in all that follows.我们假定，这一条件在下面均是得到满足的。
Fully 80percent of the world’s fertilizer requirements are met by synthesizing ammonia from natural gas and steam.在世界上所需要的化肥中，整整有80%是靠天然气和水蒸汽中取得的合成氨来满足的。
The rate of motion or the speed of an object is given in units of length and time.物体运动的速率是用长度和时间单位来表示的。
Air, as well as water, is needed to make plants grow.空气和水都是植物生长所必需的。
Electromagnetic waves carry the energy which is received from the current flowing in the conductor.电磁波携带的能量，是从导体流动着的电流中获得的。
Contrary to common belief, forces are not transmitted only by “direct contact”.与普通的观念相反，力并不是仅仅靠“直接接触”来传递的。
That chance remained limited throughout the war by army policies that kept most Black units serving in rear echelon assignments and working in labor battalions.由于军队政策把大多数黑人部队安置在后方指挥所或在劳务营中干活,这种战斗机会在整个战争中一直受限制。
The weight has been reduced by 80kg largely by the use of more plastics and aluminous components.其重量减少了80公斤,主要是因为更多地采用了塑料和铝合金件。
The existence of organic chemistry is further justified by the importance of carbon compounds or mixtures in our lives. 有机化学的存在所以必要,还因为碳的化合物或混合物在我们日常生活中非常重要。
The end of the cold war has opened up the skies over Russia and China to aircraft flying to and from Asian destinations, but traffic is restricted by the lack of ground-based navigation aids.冷战结束之后,俄罗斯和中国对往返亚洲各国的飞机开放了空域,但由于地面导航设备不足,空中交通量受到限制。
段落：
Since the molecules of a gas are much too far from each other to repel or attract each other, it is very easy to compress a gas, while a solid or liquid is almost incompressible, because the repulsions of the electrical charges of which its atoms are made up are far stronger than any force we can apply.
由于气体分子相隔太远，不能互相排斥或吸引，所以气体很容易压缩；而固体或液体几乎是不可压缩的，因为其原子的电荷斥力比我们所能施加的任何力都要强得多。
The absence of pesticides and the emphasis on natural fertilizer are designed not only to keep the experiment as untainted as possible, but also to protect the health of the human consumers, because all the air and water in biosphere II is continually recycled and regenerated, it is important that no poisons be introduced into the system anywhere.
不使用农药和强调天然肥料的目的不仅是为了使实验尽可能不被污染，也为了保护使用者的健康。因为“第二生物圈”的空气和水全部都是不断地再循环和再生的，所以不在此生态系统中任何地方引入毒物是很重要的。
In this way the distinction between heavy current electrical engineering and light current electrical engineering can be said to have disappeared, but we still have the conceptual difference in that in power engineering the primary concern is to transport energy between distant points in space; while with communications systems
the primary objective is to convey, extract and process information, in which process considerable amounts of power may be consumed.
在这一方面，强电工程和弱电工程之间的区别可以说已经消失了，但是我们仍旧认为它们在概念上有所不同，因为电力工程的主要任务是在空间相距较远的各地之间输送能量，而通信系统的主要目的则是传递，提取和处理信息，尽管在这个过程中或许消耗相当多的电力。
A student of mathematics must become familiar with all the signs and symbols commonly used in mathematics and bear them in mind firmly, and be well versed in the definitions, formulas as well as the technical terms in the field of mathematics, in order that he may be able to build up the foundation of the mathematical subject and master it well for pursuing advanced study.
为了打好数学基础，掌握好数学，以利于深造，一个学数学的学生应该熟悉和牢记数学中常用的记号和符号，精通数学方面的定义，公式和术语。
The method normally employed for free electrons to be produced in electron tubes is thermionic emission, in which advantage is taken of the fact that, if a solid body is heated sufficiently, some of the electrons that it contains will escape from its surface into the surrounding space.
固体加热到足够温度时，它所含的电子就会有一部分离开固体表面而逃逸到周围的空间中去。这种现象称之为热离子放射。通常，电子管就利用这种现象产生自由电子。Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.
因为铝对氧有很强的亲和力，它总是和其他元素结合在一起，最常见的是和氧结合在一起，在自然界的任何地方都找不到处于游离状态的铝，所以铝直到19世纪才为人们所知。Scientists are learning a great deal about how the large p lates in the earth’s crust move, the stresses between plates, how earthquakes work, and the general probability that given place will have an earthquake, although they still cannot predict earthquakes.
尽管科学家仍无法预测地震，但对地壳中的板块如何运动、板块间压力如何、地震如何发生，某地区发生地震的一般概率为多少，他们了解得越来越多。
In this chapter the point of view is taken that accelerometers measure non-gravitational or thrust acceleration and do not measure gravitational acceleration.
本章采用了这样的观点：加速计测量的是非重力加速度即推压加速度，它并不测量重力加速度。
If transistors are fitted having very high or very low current gains, the value of resistor R4 may be changed to bring the overall sensitivity within the above limits. 如果使用的晶体管具有很高或很低的电流增益，则可以改变电阻R4的数值，使整个灵敏度处于上述限度之内。
On account of the accuracy and ease with which resistance measurements may be made and the well-known manner in which resistance varies with temperature, it is common to use this variation to indicate changes in temperature.
我们知道，电阻是随温度而变化的。电阻的测量既准确，又方便，因此通常都用电阻的变化来表示温度的变化。
We define an inertial reference system as one relative to which a body does remain
at rest or move uniformly in a straight line when no force acts on it .
我们把惯性参照系统定义为：当没有力作用在物体上时，物体的确保持静止状态或作匀速直线运动所参照的那种系统。
However，even if prediction becomes possible, people who live in areas where earthquakes are a common occurrence will still have to do their best to prevent disasters by building structures that are resistant to ground movement and by being personally prepared.
然而，即使可以预测，居住在地震频发区的人们还是应尽力预防灾难，办法是建造能够抗震的房屋，同时，做好个人准备。
A number of reforming procedures are available to produce a mixture of carbon monoxide and H2 from natural gas in which the main constituent is methane, and water vapor.
许多改进工艺可用来从天然气（其主要成分为甲烷）和水蒸气中来生产一氧化碳与氢的混合物。
Great efforts are made in industry to minimize friction through the use of lubricants, notably grease and oil, and special devices, notably the wheel.
工业上作了巨大的努力通过润滑剂（特别是黄油和润滑油）和专门的装置（特别是轮子）来把摩擦降到最小的程度。
The build up of CO2 in the atmosphere has already caused alarm because of the climate changes expected to result from the so-called green-house effect, which will warm the earth as the CO2 level raises.
由于目前发生的气候变化被认为是所谓的温室效应（随着二氧化碳浓度的升高，地球会变得更为暖和）造成的，所以大气层中二氧化碳的聚集已经引起人们的重视。
No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any mean, electronic or mechanical.
本书的任何部分均不得以任何形式，或用任何方法（不论是电子还是机械的）进行复印或使用。
Acid rain might also affect the leaves by preventing them from producing necessary sugars and other nutrients through photosynthesis, the process where carbon dioxide, water and sunlight are turned to energy.
酸雨也可能影响叶子，它可能使叶子不能通过光合作用（即把二氧化碳、水和阳光转化为作物能量的过程）来制造必需的糖分和其他营养物质。
These pests are a major factor limiting production in most of the world where corn is grown, including the entire continents of Africa and Asia.
在世界上大多数的玉米产地（包括整个非洲和亚洲大陆），这些害虫都是玉米产量的一个主要限制因素。
In each situation soil samples revealed an usually high level of such heavy metals as aluminum---presently thought to be a hallmark of acid rainfall.
在各个调查点，土壤样本中重金属（如铝）的含量都异常高。这显然是酸雨在土壤中留下的痕迹。
改错
1.这位教授在研究和应用图像处理方面起了重要作用。
This professor played the important role in the research and application of image processing.
This professor has played a very important role in the research on and the application of image processing.
2.我们只需要测量这个元件上的电流和电压。
We need only to measure the current and voltage on this component.
All we need to do is (to) measure the current through and the voltage across this component
3. 半导体对光和热很敏感，这两者都对导电率影响很大。
Semiconductors are very sensitive to light and heat, and both the factors effect their conductivity greatly.
Semiconductors are very sensitive to light and heat, both of which have a great effect on their conductivities.
4.电容器是用绝缘体分开的两个导体所组成的一种器件。
Capacitor is a device consisted of two conductors which are separated by a insulator.
A capacitor is a device consisting of two conductors separated by an insulator.
5.由于计算机运算精确、速度快，所以在各个领域得到了广泛的应用。
Because computers are accurate in operation and high in speed, they found wide application in all fields.
Accurate in operation and high in speed, computers have found wide applications in all fields.
6.本文介绍了一种测温新方法，重点放在其基本原理上。
This paper presented a new measuring-temperature method and the focus is put on its basic principles.
This paper presents [introduces] a new temperature measuring method, with emphasis on its basic principles
7.西安电子科技大学是全国的一所重点大学，它创建于1931年。
Xidian University is one of the national key universities in China and it was founded in 1931.
Founded in 1931, Xidian University is one of the national key universities in China.
8.交流电能转换成直流电，这一过程称为整流。
AC can be changed into DC, this process is called rectification.
AC can be changed into [to] DC, a process called rectification.
9.如果信号太大，就会引起失真。
If the signal is too large, distortion will result.
Too large a signal will result in distortion.
10. 由于太空中没有大气，所以科学家可以在那儿制造纯的药物。
Since there is no atmosphere in space, it would be possible for scientists to make pure drugs there.
Absence of [No] atmosphere in space would enable scientists to make pure drugs there.
11.该电路十分复杂而难以调整。
The circuit is very complex and difficult to be adjusted.
The circuit is very complicated and difficult to adjust.
12.本文对模糊熵的理论研究与实际应用均有较为重要的意义。
This paper contributes both to the theoretical researches on fuzzy entropy and the applications of fuzzy entropy.
This paper contributes significantly to both the theoretical researches on and the applications of fuzzy entropy.
13.构造了一个综合性指标函数，然后根据此函数把各种因素一起考虑来建立优化模型。
An integrated performance function is formulated. According to this function, all factors are considered together to establish the optimal model.
An integrated performance function is formulated, on the basis of which all factors are taken into account [consideration] to establish the optimal model.
14.在设计英特网时并没有考虑安全问题。
When the Internet was designed, safety was not considered.
The Internet was designed without safety in mind.
15.如果把A代入B中，我们就得到C。
If A is substituted in B, we get C.
Substituting A in [into] B, we have [get; obtain] C.
16.这个方法需要精确的定位，这就使得它的实现具有一定的难度。
This method requires accurate location and this makes its realization have a little difficulty.
This method requires accurate location, (thus) making [ which makes] its realization somewhat difficult.
17.这种新方法与现有的方法相比具有简单、可靠的优点。
Comparing with the present methods, this kind of new method has the advantages of simplicity、reliability.
This new method has the advantages over those available of simplicity and reliability
18.用这种方法所导出的数学模型证明是简单而实用的,从而为最佳设计创造了良好的条件。The mathematical model derived in this method is proved to be simple and practical so that good conditions for making optical designs are created.
The mathematical model derived by this method proves to be simple and practical, thus creating good conditions for making optimal designs.
19.获得了鼓舞人心的结果，同时给出了电路实例来阐明该模型。
Encouraging results have been obtained, circuit examples are given to demonstrate the model.
Encouraging results have been obtained, with circuit examples given to demonstrate the model.
20.其余四个参数的计算方法是解一系列特别线性方程。
The rest four parameters can be calculated by solving a set of special linear equations.
The remaining four parameters can be calculated by solving a special set of linear equations.
改写句子：
1. The Rocket has been developed. For this reason, man can enter space.
The development of rockets makes it possible for man to enter space.
2. Although (because, when, after, before, while) the specimen is examined under the microscope.
In spite of (because of on after before during) examination of the specimen under the microscope or examining the specimen under the microscope 3. If we know the forces on the gear, we can determine its size.
Knowledge of the forces on the gear makes possible the determination of its size.
4. Tin resists corrosion by air or water.
Tin has a resistance to corrosion by air or water.
5. If the temperature rises by 50℃,it would result in a change in zener voltage of 3.75%.
A temperature rise of 50℃ would result in a change in zener voltage of 3.75%.
6. If the diode is physically analyzed, it will be shown that the current and voltage are related by the following equation.
A physical analysis of the diode shows that the current and voltage are related by the following equation.
科技英语翻译考试题目
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实用科技英语翻译-期末考试复习题
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科技英语翻译练习
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[考研类试卷]2015年中国科技大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc
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18 绿地覆盖率 19 拉动经济增长 20 退居二线 21 买一送一 22 百般拖延 23 男女同工同酬 24 单亲家庭 25 乡镇企业 26 茅塞顿开 27 多元文化社会 28 现行规章 29 解决劳动力就业问题 30 截留上缴利润 英译汉 31 In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the "battle of the sexes".
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Part One Translate the Following into Chinese I Words Translation（例：laser 激光） 1、asbestos 石棉 2、camshaft 凸轮轴 3、resistor 电阻器 4、capacitor 电容器 5、transistor 晶体管 6、chemical 化学制品 7、heat-pipe 热管 8、heat-pump 热泵 9、steroid 类固醇 10、quantum 量子 11、mosaic 马赛克 12、bumper 缓冲器 13、resistance 电阻 14、contact 触点 15、waveform 波形 16、radwaste 放射性废物 17、nukes 核武器 18、LCD 液晶显示屏 19、SMS 存储管理服务 20、anode 阳极
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一.句子翻译练习；英译汉 1. It is forbidden to dismantle it without permission so as to avoid any damage to its parts. 严禁乱拆，以免损坏该设备的零件。 2. All livi ng things must, by reas on of physiological limitati ons, die. 由于生理上的局限，一切生物总是要死亡的。 3. The removal of min erals from water is called softe ning. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 4. Gene piracy is not n ew. 窃取基因不是新鲜事。 5. All pla nts and ani mals n eed carb on for growth. 所有的动植物均需要碳才能生长。 6. Failure to fix these symbols in mi nd keeps stude nts from masteri ng the mathematical subjects they take up. 由于未能记住这些符号，使得许多学生无法掌握他们选修的教学课程。 7. This higher cost is not entirely due to the shape of the part, or the use of a more expensive metal. 成本教高不完全是由于部件的形状，也不是由于使用的金属比较昂贵。 8. A chicken is a suitable specimen for the study of the general external features of a bird. 鸡是研究禽类外部特征的合适范例。 9. The flow of electro ns is from the n egative zi nc plate to the positive copper plate. 电子从负的锌极流向正的铜极。 10. As a ship is loaded, it sinks deeper into the water, displacing an additional amount of water equal to the weight of the added load. 船装了货吃水更深，其排开的附加水量等于所装货的重量。 11. Non-mobile robots, capable of lear ning to perform an in dustrial task and the n of being left to perform it tirelessly, are eve n now in use in in dustrial pla nts all over the world. 不能行走的机器人能学会做工，并能孜孜不倦地工作，今天在世界各地的工厂里得到了使用。 12. The result of the invention of the steam engine was that human power was replaced by mecha ni cal power. 蒸汽机发明的结果是，机械力代替了人力。 13. Agricultural technique spreading centers have been set up everywhere in that province,
科技英语文章的准确翻译策略
科技英语文章的准确翻译策略翻译是一个理解与表达的过程，科技英语翻译也是如此。翻译科技英语文章时，需要根据科技英语的特点，透彻理解原文意思，并能够准确地用译文语言表达出来。下面，蓝译编译从科技词汇、名词化结构、非谓语动词、数词、被动语态、长句子等的方面探讨科技文体的翻译策略。 一、科技词汇的翻译，采用的方法有以下几种：一是意译法，即根据原词的实际含义翻译成对应的汉语术语，这种译法广泛运用于科技术语的翻译，具有概念明确、易懂易记的优点；二是音译法，即按原词的英语发音译成相对应的汉语，常用于计量单位名称、人名、地名、公司名、首字母缩略语以及一些还未完全了解的新术语，这种方法是不得已而为之，无法揭示词汇的真正意义，随着新术语的认识对不少词已用意译来代替；三是半音半意法，这是将音译与意译结合的译法。 二、名词化结构的翻译，为了更好地传达原文的思想内容，使译文更符合汉语的表达习惯，更加通顺自然，常须进行词类的转换，即英语中的某一词类，并不一定译成汉语中的相应的词类，而是作适当的转换，将英语中名词化的动作名词在汉语中翻译成动词。 三、非谓语动词的翻译。科技英语中大量使用非谓语动词，主要有过去分词、现在分词、动名词和动词不定式。非谓语动词使句子结构严谨，逻辑性强，但也加深了理解和翻译的难度，遇到这类句子时一定要理清脉络，分析清楚其成分，才能准确理解句意，正确进行翻
译。 四、数词的翻译。在科技文献中，数词的使用十分频繁，表达方法多种多样。翻译时，不仅要掌握如何翻译倍数、倍数的增加、倍数的减少等数词，还要了解英国和美国英语在这方面不同的表达方式。 五、被动语态的翻译。英语中使用被动语态大大多于汉语。由于科技英语文体的主要是表述科学发现、科学事实、实验报告和各种说明等，因此文章以客观陈述为主，被动语态使用更多，体现科学性和客观性。在被动句中，by短语有时表达方式、方法或手段，而不只表达行为的发出者；以it为形式主语的被动语态句型是科技英语中的一种典型句型，翻译时应加以注意。 六、长句子的翻译。从句法的角度来分析，造成长句难的主要原因是：修饰、限定及附加成分多，从而造成分隔结构。对长难句的处理，首先理顺语法结构；然后根据句子特点采取不同的手段，如分译法、顺序法、变序法等。在科技文体中经常使用长句子中大量使用各种从句和大量的介词短语、形容词短语、分词短语或副词等作后置定语，以及分词短语表示伴随情况等，要翻译准确，就必须仔细研读原文，分析句子结构，弄清各成分之间的关系，从整体上理解原文。 蓝译编译认为，在翻译长句时，应认清主干，理顺旁枝，分析句子的基本成分，抓住主干部分，然后逐步分析各词意思以及相互间的逻辑语法关系，在充分理解原文的基础上打破原文的结构框架，将原文的意思在译者的思维中以译文语言的形式进行重构再现，形成译文。
翻译往年考试题交大科技英语
1、本文开发了一种XX装置，可大大提高YY系统的稳定性与抗干扰能力。This paper developed a device of XX,which could greatly enhance the stability and anti-jamming ability of YY system 2、从实验结果可以看出，当X值升高的时候，Y值也将随之升高，而Z值却 呈下降趋势。至于W值的少许波动，作者认为可能是环境温度造成的结果。 如果溶液浓度或电流密度能控制的话，这种现象就会得到缓减甚至消除。 It can be seen from the experimental results that when XX increases,YYwill also increase and (however,)ZZ shows a decreasing tendency ,As for the slight fluctuation of WW, the author thanks(accordiing to author’s opinion)it may be caused by…(result from…) If the solution concentration or current density could be controlled stable,this phenomenon may acquire alleviation even elimination ,on this problem XX et al have explained in a scientific report about. 3、实验结果表明，该装置的各项有关参数均符合国家工业标准，而且耐候性能 大大优于进口同类产品，填补了我国在该领域的空白，也为进一步开发高性能高压电器（high-voltage apparatus）打下了良好的基础。 The experiments results show that various parameters of this device can meet the national standard of…and its weathe reesistance is much better than the improted same products. which filled in the blank of…in our country and lay a solid foundation for making further improvement on the exploitation of high-voltage apparatus 4、我们利用两相流理论分析了微流道内杂志颗粒的运动素的和浓度分布情况，从而为研究该新型流道的抗堵性能提供了理论依据。 We use two-phased flow theory to analyze the motion velocity and concentration distribution of the impurity particles inside the micro-channels and hence provided a theoretical basis for the study on the anti-clogging of new type emitters. 二、重点词汇1. 知识经济knowledge economy ；有史以来since the beginning history；科学技术知识knowledge of science and technology；管理与行为科学Management and behavioral science；工业经济industrial economy；农业经济agricultural economy；描述和理解Describe and understand；知识和信息的扩散和应用diffusion, and application of knowledge and information；无形资产intangible assets.知识型劳动者knowledge labouer；核心生产要素essential production element；信息化Informatization；网络化networking；虚拟化virtualization；全球化globalization ；组织特征organizing feature ；紧密合作close cooperation；伙伴关系partnership；并行关系parallel relation；网络结构network structure,；生产特征production characteristics；产品特征product feature；智能化个性化特色化intelligentialization，personalization，Characteristic；产业结构industrial structure；高技术产业high-tech industry；服务业service industry ；主导地位leading position；