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2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit4

Unit 4 The Joy of Work

I. New words and expressions New words

1. blessing n. 好事；有益之事

2. subsistence n. 勉强维持生活；生计

3. sugar cane n. 甘蔗

4. corn n. 玉米

5. hog n. 猪

6. cash n. 现金

7. dairy adj. 乳品业的；生产乳品的n. 牛奶场；乳制品

区分：dairy / diary

8. complain v. 抱怨；埋怨；发牢骚

complaint

complain to sb. about sth.

complain of a splitting headache

9. carpenter n. 木工；木匠

10. committed adj. 尽心尽力的：坚信的；坚定的

commit an error

commit a crime

commit suicide

commit oneself to (doing) sth.

be committed to (doing) sth.

commitment

11. brick n. 砖；砖块

12. hammer n. 锤子；榔头

13. escort n. 护送者；护卫队

14. remind v. 提醒；使想起

15. victim n. 受害者；牺牲品

fall victim to sth.

16. ideology n. 意识形态：观念形态

17. terrorism n. 恐怖主义

18. depression n. 萧条期；经济衰退；不景气

depress

depressed 沮丧的；萧条的

19. unrest n. 动荡；动乱；骚动

20. illegal adj. 不合法的；非法的；违法的

il是in的变体，否定前缀，再如：illogical

ir, im都是in的变体，如：irregular, irresponsible, imbalanced, impossible, immobile

21. immigrant n.（外来）移民；外侨

22. trafficking n. 非法交易；非法买卖

c结尾的词变形时先加k，如trafficker, panicker, picnicker, trafficking, panicking 23. dealer n. 贩毒者；毒品贩子

deal in sth.

car / drug dealer

deal with sth.

24. gang n. 一帮，一群，一伙（闹事、斗殴的年轻人）

25. contribute v. 增加；增进；添加（到某物）

26. quit v. 停止；戒掉

Phrases and Expressions

1. bring in 赚得；挣

2. eke out a living 竭力维持生计；勉强度日

3. sink in 被完全理解；被充分意识到

4. look forward to （高兴地）盼望，期待

5. over and over again 多次；反复地；一再

6. be prepared for 准备好；有所准备

7. believe in 认为某事好（对、可接受）

II. Text Learning

Work Is a Blessing

①I grew up in Lakeland, Louisiana, one of 12 children. We all lived on my parents' subsistence farm（自给自足的农场）. We grew cotton, sugar cane, corn, hogs, chickens and had a large garden, but it didn't bring in much cash. So when I was 12, I got a part-time job on a dairy farm down the road, helping to milk cows. We milked 65 cows at 5 in the morning, and again at 2 in the afternoon, seven days a week.

②In the kitchen one Saturday before daylight, I remember complaining to my father and grandfather about having to go milk those cows. My father said, "Ya know, boy, to work is a blessing."

③I looked at those two men who'd worked harder than I ever had - my father eking out a living on that farm, and my grandfather farming and working as a carpenter during the Depression. (1)I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years before it sank in.（承上、总结的话）

④Going to college was a rare privilege for a kid from Lakeland, Louisiana. My father told me if I picked something to study that I liked doing, I'd always look forward to my work. But he also added, "Even having a job you hate is better than not having a job at all." I wanted to be a farmer, but I joined the ROTC（美）后备军官训练队，预备役军官训练营（Reserve Officers' Training Corps）program to help pay for college. (2)And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that I stayed committed to for 37 years, three months and three days.

本部分重点及难点：

1. I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years before it sank in. 我有种感觉--父亲跟我说了一些确实重要的东西，但许多年后我才真正理解。

sink in: be understood

It took many years for the teachers' words to sink in.

2. And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that I stayed committed to for 37 years, three months and three days.

(1) an obligation to the Army 对于部队的义务

(2) a way of life 生活方式

(3) stay / be committed to 致力于

He has been committed to working for the people heart and soul for more than twenty years.

(4) 译文：当时的"义务"从军便成为了我的生活方式--我在部队服役长达37 年三个月零三天。

⑤In the late 1980s, during a visit to Bangladesh, I saw a woman with her baby on her back, breaking bricks with a hammer. I asked a Bangladesh military escort why they weren't using a machine, which would have been a lot easier. He told me a machine would put that lady out of work. Breaking those bricks meant she'd earn enough money to feed herself and her baby that day. (3)And as bad as that woman's job was, it was enough to keep a small family alive. It reminded me of my father's words: to work is a blessing.（承上、总结的句子）

本部分重点及难点：

3. And as bad as that woman's job was, it was enough to keep a small family alive. 此处疑似错句，应省略前面的as，即改为：And bad as that woman's job was, it was enough to keep a small family alive. 虽然她的工作实在很糟糕，但那却足够养活一个小家庭。

as意为"虽然"，用于倒装，句式如下：

Though he is very young, he is very learned.=Young as he is, he is very learned. Though he is an old man, he is very energetic.=Old man as he is, he is very energetic.

Though I like him very much, I won't do his homework for him.

=Much as I like him, I won't do his homework for him. Though he tried, he failed again.=Try as he did, he failed again.

请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！

【单选题】7. _______, he is very gentle and has a sweet voice.

?A．As he is boy

?B．As he is a boy

?C．A boy as he is

?D．Boy as he is

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查as用于倒装句。Although/though he is a boy=boy as he is，这里一定要注意的是修饰可数名词单数形式的不定冠词要省略。这句话的意思是"虽然他是个男孩，他非常温和而且声音甜美。"

【知识点】as用于倒装句

⑥Serving in the United States Army overseas, I saw a lot of people like that woman in Bangladesh. And I've come to believe that people without jobs are not free. They're victims of crime, the ideology of terrorism, poor health, depression and social unrest. These victims become the illegal immigrants, the slaves

of human trafficking, the drug dealers, and the street gang members. I've seen it over and over again on the U.S. border, in Somalia, the Congo, Afghanistan and in New Orleans. People who have jobs can have a home, send their kids to school,

develop a sense of pride, contribute to the good of the community and even help others. When we can work, we are free.（总结概括的句子）We are blessed.

⑦I don't think I'll ever quit working. I'm retired from the Army, but I'm still working to help people be prepared for disasters. And I may get to do a little farming someday, too. I'm not going to stop. I believe in my father's words. I believe in the blessing of work.

III. 部分练习讲解

P168 Bridging the Gap

Directions: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given.

解题方法：把词分类

动词名词形容词

improve weight stressed

check out priority different

clearing away routine routine

arrive route

We all get the Monday blues from time to time, but there are ways

to 1 improveyour working life and be happy at work. If you're going through a rough patch（经历难关，经历一段困难时期）at work or are lacking job satisfaction, 2 check outthese ways to boost your mood and have a happier work day.

If your workday often leaves you feeling 3 stressed and overwhelmed, it is time to

calm things down by getting more organized. Firstly, make sure you 4 arrive a few minutes early for work to give you time to organize your tasks for the day and get mentally prepared. Secondly, organize your space by 5 clearing awayany clutter and streamlining your workspace. Finally, make a list of everything that you need to do that day in order of 6priority. lf you can, try taking care of the more difficult things first to help take a 7weightoff your mind.

Variety is the spice of life, and this is never truer than when it comes to your working day. Following the same 8 routineday in, day out can quickly cause boredom and dissatisfaction to set in, so try making every day a little 9 differentin any way you can. Try doing routine tasks in a different order, talking to someone new or taking a different10 routeto work. If you really can't shake up（重组）your workday itself, instead try organizing something fun and different to do on your lunch break every so often.

I. New words and expressions

New words

1. paradox n. 矛盾的人（或事情、情况）

2. simultaneous adj. 同时发生（或进行）的；同步的

3. reward n. 奖励；回报；报酬

4. entrepreneur n. 创业者；企业家

5. exclude v. 把…排斥在外；防止…进入；阻止…参加

6. tragic adj. 悲惨的；悲痛的；可悲的

tragedy

tragedian 悲剧演员，悲剧作家

comedy

7. passion n. 強烈情感；激情

passionate

8. sound adj. 明智的；合理的；正确的；可靠的

9. process n.（为达到某一目标的）过程；进程

10. crucial adj. 至关重要的；关键的

11. privileged adj. 荣幸的；幸运的

12. motivation n. 动机；原因

13. prioritize v. 按重要性排列；划分优先顺序

prior

priority

-r （+ity构成名词），再如：regularity, similarity, familiarity, popularity

14. pattern n. 模式；方式

15. strategy n. 策划；规划；部署；统筹安排

16. routine n. 常规；正常顺序

17. sight n. 视力范围；视野

18. solely adv. 仅；只：惟；单独地

19. logistics n. 后勤；物流；组织工作

20. locally adv. 在本地

21. competitor n. （尤指商业方面的）竞争者，对手

compete with/against sb. for sth.

competitive

competitor

competition

22. room n. 可能性；机会

There is still a lot of room for progress.

23. niche n. （商品的）商机；市场定位

24. unique adj. 独特的；罕见的

25. survive v. 生存；存活；继续存在

survive a fire / a war / a flood / an accident / an earthquake

survive a person

survivor

survival

He is one of the lucky survivors in this accident.

Darwin's Theory of Evolution can be characterized as survival of the fittest.

26. client n. 客户；顾客

27. finance n. （个人、组织、国家的）财力，财源，财务管理

28. purchase n. 购买；采购

29. obligation n. （已承诺的或法律等规定的）义务，责任

30. down payment n. （分期付款的）首期付款；预付金；定金

31. mortgage n. 按揭；按揭贷款

32. trash can n. 垃圾桶

33. garage n. 停车房；车库

34. fixture n. 固定设施

35. landscape v. 对…做景观美化；美化…的环境

36. exceed v. 超过（数量）

37. boundary n. 边界；界限；分界线

38. exhaustive adj. 详尽的；彻底的

39. viability n. 可行性

40. run （使）运转，运行；操作

41. assume v. 假定；假设；认为

assumption

42. alleviate v. 减轻；缓和；缓解

43. seasoned adj. 富有经验的；老于此道的

44. offer v. 主动提出；愿给予

45. aspire v. 渴望（成就）；有志（成为）

aspiration

inspiration

perspiration

respiration

Edison once said genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration.

46. various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的

vary

variety

47. counsel n. 劝告；忠告；建议

48. makeshift adj. 临时替代的；权宜的

49. license n. 许可证；许可证；执照

50. presence n. 存在；出现

51. unparalleled adj. 无比的；无双的；空前的；绝无仅有的

52. professional adj. 职业的；专业的

53. career n. 生涯；职业

54. feed v. 满足（希望、愿望、欲望等）

Phrases and Expressions

1. lie in 存在；在于

2. bargain for 预料到；料想到

3. be/feel obliged to do sth. 荣幸地做某事

4. bring…to the table 带来（好处）

5. at/in/to the forefront of…处在最前列；进入重要地位

6. in plain sight 显而易见

7. get…up 安排；组织

8. seek out 寻求

9. in place 在工作；准备就绪

10. apply for （通常以书面形式）申请，请求

II. Text Learning

How to Start Your Own Business

1 The paradox of starting your own business lies in the simultaneous challenge and reward, making it an experience unlike any other. So many businesses fail, and most entrepreneurs exclude themselves from the possibility. The tragic reality is that when businesses fail, the passion often dies with it.（承上句）By following some sound advice and being prepared for the process, you will decrease your chances of losing a lot more than you bargained for. I have recently started a business and have learned some crucial lessons in the process that I feel privileged to share with you.（承上启下句）

2 1. Identify your motivation. Why do you want to start your own business? To have more time? To make more money? To be your own boss? To

have creative control over what you love to do? Write out all of your motivating factors and prioritize them.（承上启下句）When you see them listed, you might see a pattern in that you're just unhappy at your current job and starting your own business isn't the answer.

3 2. Identify your passion. What do you love to do? What skills and knowledge do you uniquely bring to the table? What gets you excited about your work? Keep that passion at the forefront of your business plan, your marketing strategies, and your daily routine. (1)If you keep your passion in plain sight, you will stay focused

on the purpose of your business and not solely on the logistics.

4 3. Identify your market. If you are starting your business locally, research your competitors. Determine if there is room in the market for your business. What will you do differently to draw in customers? What niche market are the other

businesses missing? If you are starting an Internet company, research the requirements for your own unique Web presence. Your business cannot survive without customers, so do enough research on the front end to determine if there are enough potential clients to keep your business alive.

5 4. Identify your finances. If you have ever purchased a new home, you know that the financial obligations （债务）extend beyond the down payment and the mortgage. You have to buy furniture, trash cans, a garage door opener（车库门遥控开关）, light fixtures and landscaping equipment（景观美化设备）, and before you know it, you've far exceeded your financial boundaries. That can happen just as easily in a business. Do exhaustive（详尽的）financial planning. Meet with

a financial advisor（财政顾问）or someone at your bank to examine the financial viability of your business and the process of getting it up and running. Plan wisely and do not assume the best about your business. Be prepared for financial loss and get advice on how to alleviate that burden in the future.

6 5. Identify your support system. Seek out advice from seasoned business owners, even those in your own field. Develop relationships with people who can offer sound advice and criticism that you might not see. If there is a business owner in your community or in your network that you aspire to model, examine his or her business practices and how they handle various situations. Ask for counsel before big decisions, and even create your own makeshift Board of Directors to help guide you in the planning and start-up process.

7 Once you have all of these elements in place, you are prepared to start the

process of developing a business plan, applying for a license, establishing

a marketing presence（营销实体）, etc. (2)Owning your own business can be unparalleled in the professional world, and if you surround yourself with wise counsel, you can have a career that daily feeds your passion.

本文重点及难点：

1. If you keep your passion in plain sight, you will stay focused on the purpose of your business and not solely on the logistics.

(1) keep sth. in plain sight 显而易见，一览无余

(2) stay focused on 关注于

2. Owning your own business can be unparalleled in the professional world, and if you surround yourself with wise counsel, you can have a career that daily feeds your passion.

(1) unparalleled 无双的，无与伦比的，空前的

(2) surround yourself with wise counsel 征求他人的建议

(3) a career that feeds your passion 满足你的热情的事业，充满激情的事业

201610月自学考试英语二考试试题与答案解析

2015年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二) 试卷 (课程代码 00015) 本试卷共8页，满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。考生答题注意事项： 1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。2．第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。3．第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。选择题区第一部分：阅读判断(第1～l0题，每题l分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了l0个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该旬提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择8；如果该旬的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 Black Friday Everyone likes to shop for gifts for the holiday season, but few people know the history of holiday shopping. While people have heard of Black Friday; most do not know its origins. Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving (感恩节).On this day most retail stores open their doors very early一some as early as 4 am. In addition, they provide their customers with great discounts on products. With this in mind, it is clear to see why so many shoppers buy many of their Christmas gifts on Black Friday. Black Friday is not as ok! as many people think. In fact, it is believed that the first Black. Friday was held in the 1970s in the USA. It was a day when stores decided to mark the start of the holiday season In order to draw more customers, they offered great discounts. All products sold very well. This large success resulted in the name Black Friday, it was so named because the stores were "in the black". This financial term means the stoics made a lot of money. However, it was not until around 2002 that Black Friday really started to gain in popularity. Today in the USA, countless advertisers proudly announce their Black Friday sales. They hope to attract shoppers into their stores. Black Friday is a day when many shoppers in the USA go out and buy gifts, even though Christmas Eve is still a more popular day to shop. Thanks to the Internet, it is now possible to get some excellent Black Friday deals online. So if you don't want to get to the stores by 4 am, this is the perfect way to still get items at reduced prices.

2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit11

Unit 11 Cyber World I. New words and expressions New words 1. chatline n. （消遣性的）热线电话交谈服务 2. variety n. （同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样 vary vary from…to… 比较：range / shift from…to… various 3. romance n. 恋爱；爱情 romantic 4. bizarre adj. 极其怪诞的；异乎寻常的 5. potential adj. 潜在的；可能的 6. script n. 剧本；广播（或讲话等）稿 7. intimacy n . 亲密；关系密切 intimate 8. initial adj. 最初的；开始的 9. perceive v. 将…视为；认为 10. avalanche n. 雪崩；山崩 11. literary adj. 文学的；文学上的 literature literal literary

literate liberal 12. verse n. 诗；韵文 13. animated adj. 栩栩如生的；（似）能活动的 14. inclination n. 倾向；意愿 incline inclined 15. sweaty adj. 满是汗的；汗津津的 16. palm n. 手掌；手心 17. vary v. 相异；不同 18. convey v. 表达，传递（思想、感情等） 19. polish v. 修改；润饰；润色 20. intellect n. （尤稻高等的）智力，思维逻辑领悟力 21. personality n. 性格；个性；人格 22. sequence n. 顺序；次序 23. reverse v. 颠倒；彻底转变；使完全相反 24. veil v. 掩饰；掩盖 unveil 揭露，揭开 25. intellectual adj. 智力的；脑力的；理智的 26. familiarity n. 熟悉；通晓 familiar familiarize

2016自考英语二教材课文讲义unit3说课讲解

Unit 3 Friendship and Loyalty I. New words and expressions New words 1. reflection n. （关于某主题的）思考，回忆 2. loyalty n. 忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿 3. recognize v. 承认；意识到 4. betray v. 辜负；对…不忠 5. indeed adv. 其实；实际上 6. virtue n. 高尚的道德；正直的品性；德行 7. trend n. 趋势；趋向；倾向；动态；动向 8. befriend v. 做（尤指需要帮助者的）朋友；友善相待 9. request v. （礼貌或正式地）请求，要求 10. trendy adj. 时髦的；赶时髦的 11. multitude n. 众多；大量 12. mutual adj. 共有的；共同的 mutual respect / understanding 辨析：mutual / manual / manure / mature / menu / mental 13. term n. 词语；术语：措辞 14. site n. 网站；站点 15. acronym n. 首字母缩略词

16. perish v. 丧失；湮灭；毁灭 17. thought n. 想法；看法；主意；记忆 18. gossip n. 流言蜚语 19. challenge v. 考查…的能力；考验…的技巧 20. akin adj. 相似的；类似的 21. deposit n. 存款 22. account n. 账户 accountant current account deposit account 23. interest n. 利息 24. well-being n. 健康；安乐；康乐 25. welfare n. （个体或群体的）幸福，安全与健康 26. essence n. 本质；实质；精髓 27. seek v. 寻找 28. notoriety n. 恶名；坏名声 notorious 相当于infamous 29. premise n. 前提；假定； 30. exploit v. 利用（…为自己谋利） 31. reconnect v. 再联系；再联络 32. virtual adj. （通过计算机软件，如在因特网上）模拟的，虚拟的 33. assure v. 使确信；向…保证

山东自考英语二课文翻译

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