专升本英语阅读理解复习技巧讲解

阅读理解

在浙江省专升本考试中，阅读理解()所占比例最大，总分值60分，占试卷总分的五分之二。这一部分主要测试考生通过阅读获取书面信息的能力以及考生对篇章语境中的词汇理解和运用能力。阅读理解分为篇章阅读理解和篇章词汇理解。

篇章阅读理解（一）

一、大纲解析

篇章阅读理解( ) 部分采用多项选择题的形式进行考查。这部分测试分两节：四篇文章和一篇7选5的文章。第一部分为仔细阅读理解，其中每篇长度为300词左右。每个篇章后有5个问题，共20题。考生根据对篇章的理解，从每题的四个选项中选择最佳答案。

篇章阅读的材料均选自英文原版材料，包括报刊、杂志、书籍、学术期刊等。选材的大体特点如下：

1、题材广泛，包括人文科学、社会科学、自然科学等领域，但所涉及的背景知识应为学生所了解或已在文章中提供。

2、体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文等。

3、阅读篇章难度适中，整体的难度大致介于浙江省大学英语三级考试与全国英语四级考试之间。

二、做题步骤及解题技巧

根据专升本考试的时间安排，做一篇篇章阅读的时间大致需要控制在10到12分钟之内。要在这个时间内完成一篇阅读，需要合理的安排做题的时间和做题的步骤。建议的做题步骤可以分为以下几个阶段：

1、审清题目

阅读一开始的时候，首先应该读题，可以用一到两分钟的时间，理解题干的意思，并且可以圈出题目中出现的关键词。圈出关键词非常重要，这样有助于考生能迅速的找到题目所问的相关内容，使学生了解文章结构，让他们明白哪些是重点，哪些是次要点。通过审题，考生可以对题目大致有个了解，这样便能在阅

读文章的过程中，读到相关内容时提高注意力，能更加着力分析其所含意义，有利于加深印象。

2、阅读文章

在阅读文章的时候，考生需要以较快的速度从大量材料中捕捉相关的重要信息，这就便要求考生必须养成良好的阅读习惯。切忌不要逐字逐词阅读，理解每一个单词、词组或句子的意思，这样很花费考试时间，没有效率。而是应该根据中心词和重点词连贯阅读，把握每段的中心句或中心思想，根据题干中标出的定位词在文章中定位关键信息，把握文章的大意。在阅读整篇文章时需注意以下几点：

(1) 注重段落首末。近几年浙江省专升本的阅读理解题目增加了对段落首末内容的考查。在每段首末处，文章内容都会经常出现一些很具有代表性的观点和总结性的概括，这经常会成为阅读主旨和总结的考查地方。读文章时特别要注意首段的首尾两句话，大多数情况下，这两句话回事全文的主旨，会表明整篇文章所表达意思的基调和方向。

(2) 注意转折性连接词。文中的转折性的词汇经常会成为阅读考点的标志性词汇，这类词汇是考题的解题题眼所在。例如、等词汇，跟在这些词汇后面的内容通常就是考题的答案所在。

(3) 略读例句。阅读中经常出现一些例句，只用来补充说明文章所陈述的观点，这些句子通常是由、、.等短语或词语来引导。对于这些例句，除非阅读文章涉及的题目中有所提及，否则往往可以快速过掉甚至可以忽略不读，这样也能更加的提高阅读的速度。

(4) 忽略某些研究所表明的观点。阅读文章中，作者在给出某个观点后，有时会在观点之后加上某些研究表明(常出现、、等词汇)，那么同样，除非阅读文章后的题目中有所提及，否则这些、、等所陈述的具体内容通常也可忽略不读。因为通常情况下，这些都只是作者在表明他的观点后面，为了进一步论证这一观点，使文章更具有说服力，使他的观点更加鲜明。然而，这些例子或者研究其本身对文章的主旨大意并没有任何影响，因此可以忽略。

3、理解解题

在阅读完整篇文章之后，考生能了解和理解其大致意义，对文章也有了整体把握，这么更能有助于他们解题。解题时通常可以通过之前审题圈出的关键词，找出关键词所在原文的句子或者段落。对这句话或者段落重点理解和分析，然后再联系考生自我对文章的整体把握，逐一排除选项，最后选出最佳答案。

三、主要题型

（一）主旨大意题

主旨大意题主要是考察学生概括、综合的能力。从整体上来说，主旨大意题是阅读题型中要求算高的，因为它要求考生看完文章后，能对文章的大概框架作一个宏观把握，归纳文章的要点，概括文章的中心思想和分析文章的章篇结构，从而解答后面的题目。

一般来说主旨大意题的考点都会很明显在出现在文章之中，通常的位子会是首段的首句或者尾句，更或者主题就存在与文章末尾段。在读文章的时候，特别要注意首尾两端有转折性的引导词，引导词后面的语句大多数会是作者想表达的观点，切忌注意。

1、主旨大意题常见设问方式

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2、主旨大意题解题技巧

(1)文章首尾，首段首尾成为常见命题点。对于整篇文章来说，中心句、主题句通常就是在首尾的位子。同样，对于段落也是如此，段首和段末一般是该段的主

旨句。对于阅读时间紧张的同学，有的时候实在是为了节约时间，可以通过仔细分析主题句、忽略其他部分去理解文章或者段落大意。

(2)标志性引导词。常见的标志性引导词有, 等转折性的连接词和表因果的连词, , ,

a 等。它们所引导的句子往往会标明作者的意图和观点，需要着重分析理解。

(3)特殊标点符号。在文章的首段或者尾段带有冒号和破折号的语句通常是作者的想法，表明文章的内容和主体。

:

2010年浙江工商大学阅读理解5第51题：

, . , a . , a , . , ,, . ,,, .

a a , .

a ,, a . ,, . a

( ）, . ,, a . , a . , a . , a .

a . a . . a a ,

a . ,,,,, . . .

51 ？

A. a .

B. a .

C. .

D. .

解析：答案A。题目就是一个典型的主旨大意题，问及全文的主要内容，考查考生的总结和归纳能力。整篇文章是都是围绕“”这个单词展开说明，介绍这个单词的起源以及它的含义和解释。从第一段第二句和文章最后一句话可以看出，“”的解释和表现形式有很多种，全文其他部分都是在对此进行说明和补充，因此答案为A。

2008年浙江工商大学阅读理解1第81题：

300 . , a . a a . . a a ’s . ,

（能想得出来的）( ) .

A ’s , a . a ’s a . A a a , a , a , a . . A a .

a .

a , , a .

85. ?

A. .

B. a .

C. ?

D..

解析：答案C。这道题考查的也是考生对文章主旨的把握。这道题还是需要通读全文之后才能选出正确的答案，A这个选项表示科学中的假说和模型，这个只是文章第二段的描述和归纳，不全面。B项表示假说的运用，也只是文章第二段的一个内容，并非全文的主旨。D项说明是科学探究与现实现象，这个只是第三段的概括说明。全文是阐述了科学是怎么形成的，故答案为C。

(二) 短文细节题

短文细节题考查信息查找能力和句子的理解能力。细节题在阅读理解考试中所占的比重相当大，细节题的内容包含广阔，很细小的点都会成为细节题的考点。这类问题要求考生需要认真仔细的理解与文章有关的内容，正确把握文章的情感，以及找出其他有关的细节或具体的数据等。

短文细节题有个很明显的特点就是问题答案能在文章中直接找出。很多时候答案都是原句换了一个表示的词汇，但是意思仍与作者意图相同。由于考试时间非常紧张，对于考生来说，做好细节题，首先是要在原文找到相关信息。首先就需要理解题干的意思，找出关键词，然后再到文章中定位到相关语句，对此句再进行认真分析和理解。

1、短文细节题常见设问方式

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2、短文细节题解题技巧

(1) 关键词定位，利用题干中的关键词或者关键短语快速在文中找到相应的词或句子，在对应的词或句子所在的句子中认真理解分析，再选出答案。

(2) 在重要、关键的词语或短语下做上记号，如表示时间与年代的词；表示条件、目的、方法、步骤、原因等词；表示人名、地名或其他的专有名词；数据；某些副词（如：, , , , , , , , 等等），这些词汇或短语都有可能成为答案所在的标志。(3) 注意留意复合句，如同位语、插入语、定语、不定式等，往往这种复合句能使考生更加明了作者的意图。

(4) 圈出表示条件、递进、转折、例证、原因、总结等语标词，它们所引导的句子很有可能藏有考点，它们均与短文细节有所关联。

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2012年浙江省专升本阅读试题中第16题：

.a: .1 .

—86 , .

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(托运) ,$25., ,.

, ,

, .,.a,’sa,

..

a.,.’sa :

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( 机票)..( 标尺)’s’.’. ,, .

’’s ,

——,.

1．?

A..

B.

C..

D..

解析：B。根据关键词可以定位到文章第一段。得知：让乘客最为头痛的就是安检和登机的时候携带过多的行李。故答案为B。

(三) 词义猜测题

词义猜测是指在阅读理解中，考生需要根据上下文的意思和自己所学的内容去推测不熟悉或者陌生的词汇或者短语的大意，要求考生就词汇或者短语找出近义词或者合理的解释说明。

词义猜测题主要考查以下几个方面：

(1) 考查考生熟悉词汇的生僻含义，即很多词汇考生了解其通常含义，但是在具体的情境和语境之中，词汇会有一些不常用的陌生意义。

(2) 考查考生对指代词的理解，例如文章中所出现的, , 等指代词，考查这些词汇所指代的意思。

(3) 考查考生通过对其近义词、反义词甚至是修饰词的理解去猜测词汇意思。

(4)考查考生理解文中俚语、谚语的意思。

1、词义猜测题常见设问方式

“…” .

“…” ( …) .

, “…” .

, “…” .

“….” .

“…” .

“…” ?

“…” ?

“” ( …) .

“” ?

“…”?

“…” … .

2、词义猜测题答题技巧

(1) 可根据所考查词汇与整篇文章主旨的关系来猜测，与主题基调和意义相近或者相符合的，通常就是词汇的适当解释。

(2) 通过文章中对词汇或者短语的定义和解释来猜测语义。在阅读中，有的所考词汇作者会对其进行定义或者解释说明，这样考生就能够直接的正确理解词汇的意思。

(3) 利用文章中的同义词和反义词来猜测语义。在很多情况下，考生可以通过理解所考词汇的同义词或者反义词，来判断词汇的意思。

(4) 通过逻辑关系来猜测语义。上下文的逻辑关系是个很好的推理依据，根据上下文的因果关系、转折关系、论证关系、递进关系和对比关系等，来确定词汇语义。

(5) 利用某系词缀可以猜测词语的意思。考生需要掌握常见的前缀和后缀，例如看到, , , 等开头的词汇，通常就是表示反义的意思。

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2012年浙江省专升本阅读试题中第12题：

（垂涎）, …, ?

, “ ,” a .

“’s a a ,” , a . a 2009 , .

’s ? A :

: — a , —’ .

“ I’m （发脾气）——’ ,” .

: , ’ . ’t ’ .

“ ’s ,”

. “ ’t a .”

’t : “’s . …—— a ’s .”

12. “ a ” 2 .

A.

B.

C.

D.

解析：B。根据短语中的一词，就可以推测其意思应该是正面积极的。由第一段的最后一句, ? 我们是否也该羡慕法国人养育子女的能力？有下文可知法国人在养育子女方面是有很多优势的，故答案B符合。

(四) 推理判断题

推理判断题是要求考生通过阅读完文章后，根据所读内容、文章主旨、逻辑分析以及文化背景等对所考查内容进行推敲和判断，从而理解作者的想表达的深层含义。

阅读理解中涉及推理判断的面很广泛，凡是没有明确表达的意思，属于字里行间隐含的意思都属于推理的范围。这部分题往往出题量较大，难度较大，错误率也比较高，考生在做这类题时首先要尽量避免其他项的干扰。

1、推理判断题常见设问方式

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2、推理判断题答题技巧

(1) 推理和判断题一般都会根据全文主题的背景，所以考生在做推理判断题的时候，一定要注意选项的含义应该与全文的基调保持一致。基于原文合适的推理和

深刻的理解都有可能是正确的诠释，反而那种照抄原文的通常不会是正确的选项。

(2) 在选项中用词过于绝对的，一般不会是答案

(3) 推理判断的原文大多数会是对某一论点的论证或者进一步的说明，所以在分析推断的时候可以反复去理解主要的论点。

(4) 语义转折的地方仍会是出题点，着重注意。

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2012年浙江省专升本阅读试题中第8题：

18 , , ’s , a . , .

“ ,” , 29.

a a ’s , a .

, , . （零售商）500,000 , , . ’ .

’s

. a : A , . （经济衰退）.

a , .

——8.4 8.9 , . 8.5 9 2009 —.

, 13.9 15 2009 2 . ’s 9% ’t

a .

8. , “ ” .

A. 24

B.

C.

D. a

解析：D。由关键词定位到原文第四段的第一句话，后面的同位语正好是对其意思的解释说明：黑色星期五是假期购物热的开始，故D正确。

(五) 观点态度题

阅读理解中的题目有的时候会问及作者对于某一事件或者某一问题的观点

或者态度是什么，以及作者对文章继续展开的内容判断等，这样的题就是观点态度题。

解答这种问题时，考生首先应请注意篇章中的连词，这些连词的运用都暗含着作者的态度和观点，从中可以推敲出作者的意图。然后需要注意有些表明作者观点的词汇和语句，考生就可以根据这些词汇和语句的情感来判断作者的态度。总体来讲，观点态度的题比较难，对于这类问题的回答，考生应从篇章的体裁和风格入手，再从文章的论述方法、语气和措辞中把握作者对事物的喜好，从而了解作者的情感与态度。

1、观点态度题常见设问方式

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’s …?

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’s ’s …?

’s …?

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’s … .

’s , .

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2、态度观点题的解题技巧

(1) 对于态度观点题的解答，把握文章的体裁非常重要。如果文章是说明性文章，介绍某一事物或者是说明某一现象，由于说明文本身的客观性，通常情况下作者所持的态度会是中立的。如果是记叙文的话，作者的观点态度不会很明显的显示出来，但是会暗含于陈述的语句之中，这就要求考生好好推敲某些词汇的情感，找出那些渲染气氛和表现情感的语句。

(2) 注重表示观点或者态度的引导词，例如：, I , , I 等。它们后面所接的语句会是作者的观点，切忌注意。

(3) 注意转折和对比的地方，也会是作者观点态度的表现。转折或者对比处，也就是作者强调的地方，此处会反应作者的情感和倾向，考试的题目依据通常就会出现在此处。

(4) 掌握和熟悉一些表示观点的词汇和短语，例：

A. 表示赞同的

.肯定的, 实际的, 积极的, 确实的

.赞成的, 有利的, 赞许的, 良好的

n. 赞成, 承认, 正式批准

n.狂热, 热心, 积极性

.支持的，支援的

. 为……而辩护

B. 表示否定的

.否定的, 消极的, 负的, 阴性的

.不赞成

n.异议

n.反对

.批评的

n批评批判

.令人厌恶, 令人反感.使作呕

. 警告的

n.憎恶, 厌恶的人, 嫌恶

n.愤慨

n.轻视, 轻蔑, 耻辱, 不尊敬

n.妥协, 折衷v.妥协, 折衷

.闷闷不乐的,焦虑的

C. 表示怀疑的

n.猜疑, 怀疑

.(～) 可疑的, 怀疑的

n.怀疑

.可疑的, 不确的, 疑心的

v. 质疑

.使迷惑的, 使莫明其妙的

D. 表示客观的

.客观的

.中立的

.公平的, 不偏不倚的

.无私的

.没有偏见的

.没有偏见的

.公平的, 无偏见的, 没有成见的

.不含个人偏见的

E. 表示主观的

.主观的, 个人的

n.不关心

n.宽容，容忍，忍受

n.悲观, 悲观主义

.黑暗的, 阴沉的, 令人沮丧的, 阴郁的

.乐观的

.有感觉的, 敏感[锐]的,易受伤害的

.恐惧的

.保留的, 包租的

.同意, 赞成, 答应n.同意, 赞成, 允诺

.激进的

.中等的, 适度的, 适中的v.缓和

.温和的, 温柔的, 淡味的, 轻微的, 适度的.说反话的, 讽刺的

.吃惊的, 惊奇的

.关心的, 有关的

.担忧，担心

.喜忧参半

.有偏见的

.愤怒的, 愤慨的

F. 表示积极的

.客观的

.关注的

.自信的, 确信的

.感兴趣的, 有成见的, 有权益的.乐观的

.正面的

.给人深刻印象的, 感人的

G. 表示中立的

.公平的, 不偏不倚的

.中立的

.非个人的

.事实的, 实际的,根据事实的

.不含个人偏见的

H. 表示消极的

.消极的

.漠不关心的

.消沉的

.主观的

.悲观的

.不关心的

.轻蔑的, 侮辱的

.片面的

:

2012年浙江省专升本阅读试题中第5题：

5. ’s ?

A. .

B. .

C. .

D. .

解析：C。由文章的最后一段的最后一句：, . 可知，权衡过后可看出，除了核能源以外还有其他资源有利于经济和生态。故知，对核能源的态度并不乐观。

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语法七大语法考试重点 一独立主格 （一）：独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词； 名词(代词)+形容词； 名词(代词)+副词； 名词(代词)+不定式； 名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 （二）独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 举例： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. This done, we went home. The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. He came into the room, his ears red with cold. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 二过去完成时 1）概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had +过去分词构成。 2）用法 a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t. 3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

专升本大学英语阅读理解辅导资料

大学英语阅读理解辅导资料：（共45题） Passage 1 The Antarctic is actually a desert. It is the only continent on the earth without a river or a lake. The Antarctic is all ice all year round. The warmest temperature ever recorded there is zero, at the South Pole. Explorers used to think that a place so cold would have a heavy snowfall. But less than ten inches of snow falls each year. That is less than half an inch of water. Ten times that much moisture falls in parts of the Sahara. The little snow that falls in Antarctica never melts. It continues to pile up deeper and deeper year after year. When the snow gets to be about eighty feet deep it is turned to ice by the weight of the snow above it. 1. Antarctica is called a desert because it ________. A. is sandy B. has the same temperature as a desert C. has little moisture and no lakes or rivers D. All of the above 2. The Antarctic has ________. A. ten times as much moisture as the Sahara B. the same amount of moisture as the Sahara C. about one-tenth the moisture of the Sahara D. None of these. 3. The temperature in the Antarctic is ________. A. always above zero B. always below zero C. never recorded D. Both B and C 4. The snow in Antarctica is very deep because it ________. A. never stops falling B. piles up year after year C. never melts D. Both B and C 5. The snow turns to ice when ________. A. it gets wet B. the temperature gets colder C. the next snowfall comes D. the snow above it is heavy enough 答案：CDBDD Passage 2 Astronomers ( 宇航员) can tell just how hot the surface of the moon gets. The side of the moon toward the sun gets two degrees hotter than boiling water. The night side reaches 243 degrees below zero. In a lunar eclipse (月食) the earth's shadow falls on the moon. Then the moon's temperature may drop 300 degrees in a very short time. A temperature change like this cannot happen on the earth. Why does it happen on the moon? Astronomers know that the surface of the moon is dust. On the earth, rocks store heat from the sun. When the sun goes down, the rocks stay warm. But the dust of the moon cannot store heat. So when the moon gets dark, the heat escapes quickly. The moon gets very cold.