821综合英语考试大纲(2006版)

821综合英语考试大纲（2006版）

说明：《综合英语》含有三大部分，分别是“英语语言学”，“英语国家概况”，以及“英美文学”。每部分50分，总分150分。以下是三个部分的简要说明，以及往年考试的基本题型和主要参考书。所有题目都要求用英文回答。

第一部分“英语语言学”(50分)

基本要求：要求考生掌握英语语言学的基本概念；清楚了解各概念之间的区别；了解英语语言学的一些基本理论，并能够运用这些理论解决语言学中的基本问题。

“英语语言学”的基本题型

I.名词解释(10, 1x10)

语言学中基本概念的定义。

II.问答题 (20, 4x5)

语言学中的基本概念、基本理论之间的关系。

III 论述题 (20, 10x2)

对一些基本理论的辩析以及利用理论解决实际问题。

主要参考书

胡壮麟， 2001，<<语言学教程>>，北京大学出版社

第二部分“英语国家概况”(50分)

基本要求：要求考生掌握英语国家的基本概况，包括地理、历史、社会、政治经济、文化及语言的使用等诸方面的情况。

“英语国家概况”的基本题型

I．填空题（满分15分）

本题一般针对英语国家概况中的知识点设计15个空，以考察考生对英语国家的社会、历史、政治、经济、文化等方面的常识的把握情况。

II．名词解释（满分15分）

本题一般要求考生解释5个名词，以考察考生对英语国家概况中的重要历史事件、重要运动、重要概念等方面的准确把握。

III．问答题（满分20）

本题一般设计2-4个问答题，要求考生对英语国家的政治制度、历史发展或者社会变革等方面的重要问题有全面、深入的阐述，考生可以在准确阐释问题的基础上表达自己的见解。

参考书目：

余志远：《英语国家概况》，北京：外研社，2000。

朱永涛:《英语国家社会与文化入门》(上、下册)，北京：高教社，1997/8。

第三部分“英美文学”(50分)

基本要求：要求考生掌握英美文学的主要作家、作品概况；掌握英美文学基本流派。

“英美文学”的基本题型

I 英美文学基础知识填空（15分）

例：Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Nature marked the summit of American Romanticism——______________.

A.Puritanism.

B. Local Colorism

C. Transcendentalism.

D. Realism

II 名词解释（15分）

要求解释该名词所涉及流派的时间、特点、代表作家及作品。

III 文学作品选读及解析（20分）

本部分有两个文学选段，每个选段后有若干问题，如该选段的theme, plot, character, setting, style, symbol, etc.

英美文学基本流派及作家概述：

English Literature:

Beowulf Sonnet English Classicism

Lake Poets Romanticism Critical Realism

Shakespeare Hamlet Othello

American Literature:

American Romanticism Transcendentalism Realism

Local Colorism Naturalism Imagism

The Lost Generation Southern Literature Radical Twenties

Harlem Renaissance The Beat Generation Black Humour

参考书目：

常耀信, 1990, 《美国文学简史》南开大学出版社

刘炳善, 1993, 《英国文学简史》河南人民出版社

胡壮麟《语言学教程》北京大学出版社

李福印 1999，《语义学教程》上海外语教育出版社

余志远2000，《英语国家概况》外语教学与研究出版社

朱永涛1997, 《英语国家社会与文化入门》上下册，高等教育出版社

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Unit 1 Personal Relationship In-Class Reading The Gift of Life 以生命相赠 1 炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标，而它们却落在了一所由传教士办的小孤儿院内。 2 传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生，还有几个孩子受了伤，其中有一个小女孩，8岁左右，双腿被炸伤了。 3 几小时后，医疗救援小组到了。医疗小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。显然，如果不立即采取行动，她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。 4 他们明白必须给小女孩输血，但是他们的医药用品很有限，没有血浆，因此需要匹配的血型。快速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适。而几个没有受伤的孤儿却有匹配的血型。 5 医生会讲一点越南语，护士会讲一点法语，但只有中学的法语水平。孩子们不会说英语，只会说一点法语。医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。然后他们问孩子们是否有人愿意献血来救小女孩。 6 对医生和护士的请求，孩子们瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。此时小病人生命垂危。然而，只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。过了好一会儿，一只小手慢慢地举了起来，然后垂了下去，一会儿又举了起来。 7 “噢，谢谢，”护士用法语说。“你叫什么名字？” 8 “兴，”小男孩回答道。 9 兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。在整个过程中，兴僵直地躺着，没有出声。 10 过了一会儿，他发出了一声长长的抽泣，但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。 11 “兴，疼吗？”医生问。 12 兴默默地摇了摇头，但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来，并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。医生又问是不是插在手臂上的针弄疼了他，兴还是摇了摇头。 13 但现在，偶尔的抽泣变成了持续无声的哭泣。他紧紧地闭着眼睛，用拳头堵住嘴，想竭力忍住哭泣。 14 医疗小组此时非常担忧，因为针不会使他们的小输血者一直感到疼痛。一定是哪里出了问题。恰好这时，一名越南护士前来帮忙。看到小男孩在哭，她用越南话很快地问他原因。听了小男孩的回答后，又立即作了回答。护士一边说，一边俯身轻轻拍着小男孩的头，她的声音亲切柔和。 15 一会儿，小男孩不再哭了，他睁开眼睛，用质疑的目光看着越南护士。护士点了点头，小男孩的脸上马上露出了宽慰的神色。 16 越南护士抬起头平静地对两名美国人说: “他以为自己快死了。他误解了你们。以为你们要他献出所有的血，小女孩才能活下来。” 17 “那他为什么还愿意这么做呢?”海军护士问。 18 越南护士把这个问题向小男孩重复了一遍。小男孩简单地回答道: “她是我的朋友。” 19 他为了朋友甘愿献出自己的生命，没有比这更伟大的爱了。

大学综合英语教程1课后答案

大学综英教程1课后答案 Unit 6 in an only a lonely child Vocabulary Ⅰ 1, needing a lot of attention or effort 2, In connection with 3, Sign of shame 4, Willingness of each person to satisfy other’s wishes 5, decreased 6, The feeling of wanting to get what somebody else has among brothers and sisters Ⅰ 1,arise from 2,unique 3,self-eateem 4,stigma 5,overwhelming 6,interacted 7,favoritism 8,prime

9,involved 10,derpite Ⅰ BCDACDBABC Ⅰ 1,burden burden loads load 2,choose elected choose elected 3,issue problem problem issue 4,trend trend fashion fashion Ⅰ 1,only sole 2,uncommon unusual 3,honor admire 4,decrease admonish 5,worry anxiety 6,insignificant weak 7,first chief 8,fortunately luckily Ⅰ 1,advocacy 2,respectfully 3,potential

unit6新编综合英语教程(上外出版社)

Language structures This part is focused on: the adverbial clause of purpose the adverbial clause of result the adverbial clause of concession the adverbial clause of comparison the adverbial clause of time the adverbial clause of manner the adverbial clause of reason 1. vaccinate 注射疫苗 vaccinate sb. against 给某人接种疫苗以防止 protect sb against…保护…不得（…疾病） 2. smallpox 天花 V accination immunizes people against smallpox种牛痘能使人免患天花。 3. Rialto 纽约百老汇戏院区; 大城市剧院区 4. Keep fit 5. prize-awarding ceremony 6. Luggage van 7. Injection 8. Student representative 9. awful-indistinct-clear; (English conversation tape) dreadful-boring-interesting; (film) horrible-unpleasant-enjoyable (pop music tape) 10. Be bound to do… 11. intent upon/on doing sth. 对某事专心致志; 一心一意要做某事 be intent upon/on sth. 对某事专心致志; 一心一意要做某事 of intent 有意地, 蓄意地 to all intents and purposes (=to all intents; to all intent and purpose) 在各个主要方面, 无论从哪一点来看，实际上, 事实上, 实质上 12. understand…thoroughly. Dialogue 1 New words and expressions 1. be concerned about / for … --Naturally we were concerned for him when we heard of the accident. --They appeared completely unconcerned about what they had done. --be much concerned about 2. interfere vi interfere in / with --interfere in sb.'s private affairs --If you had not interfered, I should have finished my work by now. --Come on Sunday if nothing interferes. --Don't interfere with him.

综合英语二上下册课文翻译

綜合英語二上冊課文翻譯 lesson1学校要是教给我们这12种本领就好了卡尔·萨根 1.二战刚结束，我在纽约和新泽西的公立学校上了初中和高中。现在想来似乎是很久远的事了。学校的设施、教师的水平在当时的美国大大高于一般水准。因而，那时的我可以说是受益匪浅。我所学到的最重要的一点，就是要学的东西实在是太多，而我还没有学到的东西也太多。有时候，我想那时要是能学点真正重要的东西，今天我会多么地心存感激。在有些方面，当时的教育十分狭窄；关于拿破仑，在学校里我所学到的仅仅是美国从他手里买下路易斯安那。（在一个约95％的居民不是美国人的星球上，学校当局认为只有美国历史才值得讲授。）在拼写、语法、数学基础知识以及其他重要的学科的教授上，我的老师们做得相当不错。但是还有许多其他的东西，我曾希望他们教授给我。 2.或许该教而没教的缺陷自那以后已经得以纠正。照我看来似乎有许多东西（主要是态度问题、认识问题，而不是简单的对事实记忆的问题）学校应当教授——那些在以后的生活中真正有用的东西，即那些能使国家更强大、世界更美好，也能使人们更幸福的东西。人类乐于学习。这是我们人类比这个星球上其它物种做得好些的为数有限的几件事中的一件。每个学生都应该经常体验一下说出“啊，原来是这么一回事！”时的感受——也就是你以往不懂的或是不知道自己不懂的事情，一下子变得豁然开朗时的感受。 3.下面就是我列出的方法: 挑一件难事，从中学习 4.希腊哲学家苏格拉底曾经说过这是人类最大的乐趣之一，确实也是如此。与其涉足多门学科而略知一二，莫如选其一两个学科学深学透。只要你对所选的课题感兴趣，只要你的研究不脱离课题本身更为广阔的人文环境，你的课题是什么并不重要。教会你自己一个课题以后，你就会对教授你自己另一课题的能力更加充满信心。你会逐渐发现你已获得了一种主要技能。世界的变化日新月异，你必须在一生中不断地教授你自己。但不要沉溺于你感兴趣的或你擅长的第一门学科而止步不前。这个世界充满了奇妙的事物，有些我们完全长大成人之后才会发现；很遗憾，大部分我们一辈子也发现不了。 不要害怕问“愚蠢的”问题 5.许多明显幼稚的提问其实是很深刻的问题，诸如草为何是绿的，太阳为何是圆的，为什么我们的世界需要55000个核武器。对这些问题的回答很可能会使你对事物有深刻的理解。尽可能明确你有哪些事情不明弊同样也很重要，提问题就是找出不懂之处的办法。提“愚蠢的”问题，对于提问者来说需营勇气，对答问者来说需要知识和耐心。不要把自己的学习局限于课堂。与朋友深入地讨论观点或想法。明知会引起嘲笑而提问要比把问题埋在心里、对周围的一切变得麻木不仁要勇挂得多。 仔细倾听 6.很多情况下人们谈活时，总是争相表现自己，这类交谈对双方都无多大益处。当别人在谈话时，不要费时去思考自己接下来打算说什么，而是设法搞懂他们说的是什么，什么样的经历才使他们说这些话，你从这些话中能学到什么，你对说这些话的人又能了解到什么情况等。老年人所经历的世界与你所经历的截然不同，你也许对其知之甚少。老年人及来自其他地方和其他国家的人们有可以丰富你的生活的十分重要的对事物的看法。 人人都会犯错误 7.每个人对事物的理解都是不全面的。要乐于接受改正，学会纠正自己的错误。你应该感到丢人的倒是没有从错误中吸取教训。 了解你所处的星球 8.这是我们仅有的一个星球。要了解它是如何运作的。我们往往为了短期的利益，在尚不了解（这些做法）长远影响的情况下，正在改变大气层、改变地球的表面以及地球的水系。任何一个国家的公民至少对我们人类要走向何处都有发言权。如果我们不理解这些问题，我们就是放弃未来。 科学与技术 9.除非你了解科学与技术，否则你不会了解你所在的星球。我记得学校的理科课程专讲科学的次要方面，而对科学的深层含义几乎只字不提。现代科学的每项重大发现同时也是对人类精神的重大发现。例如，

大学生综合英语一

Unit 1 Vocabulary adult n.成年人 agony n.（身心的）极度痛苦anticipate vt.预期，期望antique n.古物，古玩assign v.分配，分派assignment n.任务，作业associate v.使联系起来avoid v.避免 calling n.使命 career n.生涯，事业comic a喜剧的，滑稽的n.连环漫画册 command v.命令，指令compose v.创作discipline n.惩罚，处分distribute v.分配，分发essay n.散文，议论文excessive a.极度的extraordinary 不同寻常的finally 最终，终于formal a.刻板的，正式的image n.形象，印象inspire v.激励，鼓舞 jaw n.颔 paragraph n.段落 prim a.古板的，整洁的recall v.回想起，回忆起reputation n.名声，名誉respectable a.体面的，可敬的 rigid a.严格的，一成不变的scan v.浏览，粗略地看seal n.印章，图章sequence n.顺序，次序severe a.朴素的，严重剧烈的 social a.社会的，社交的tackle v.处理，应付tedious a.乏味的，冗长的title n.标题

violate v.违背，违反vivid a.生动的，逼真的Phrases to Drill put down 写下 turn in 上交作业 what‘s more 而且，更有甚者open-hearted 诚挚的 hold back 控制（感情，眼泪等）turn out编写，制造 out of date 过时的 face up to 勇敢地接受或面对take hold 生根，实现 off and on 断断续续地，有时候 Text B 1.The pounding in my eyes drowned out the rest of the words, only a word here and there filtered (过滤) through. “…Martha is Mexican …resign …won’t do it…” 我耳朵里嗡嗡作响，听不见他们后来讲的话，只东一点西一点渗入只言片语。“……玛莎是墨西哥人……辞职……不干……” 2.Too late I realized the significance(意义，重要性) of my words. Grandpa knew that I understood it was not a matter of money. It wasn’t that. 等我意识到我这番话的意思时，已经为时已晚了。爷爷知道我明白那不是钱的问题。不是那个问题。 3.It was a very sad and withdrawn(孤僻的)girl who dragged into the principal’s office the next day.