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2019年高考英语题型专项训练

2019年高考英语题型专项训练
2019年高考英语题型专项训练

2019年高考英语题型专项训练

英语语音知识

制作人:齐万年

一、音标:

1、字母:词的书写形式,元音字母a e i o u. 音标:词的语音形式.

2、音素:语音的最小单位。

3、音标:标记音素的符号。如:Jones (英国), Kenyon & Knott (美国)

教材采用国际音标:用/ /或[ ] 表示,与字母区别开来。

4、国际音标分类:

(48个)音标

5、元音的分类:

?? I ? ?

? ? ?

?? ? ?? ?

?

?I ?I ?I

I? ?? ??

?? ??

6、辅音的分类:

??

7、拼读方法:

辅音元音即:元音和前面的辅音相拼,其它依次读出

二、音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, under'stand:

1、划分:音节的核心是元音,有多少元音就有多少音节。只有一个音节的单词叫单音节词。有多个音节

的词叫多音节词。

2、音节分重读音节和非重读音节。重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。每个单词至少有一个(可以两

个或多个)重读音节,并用标记,单音节词只有一个音节,本身就重读,不用标记。

如: ?????I ?? ? ?●????? ? ??I

3、成音节:(辅音+ m/n/l ) 无元音,但也是一个音节,成音节属于非重读音节。

4、有的单词有两个(或多个)重读音节,有一个音节重读,一个音节次重读,分别用和来标记。

如: ????????????

5、开音节:a) 元+辅+ e name, bike, tone

b) 辅+元he, go, hi

在开音节中,元音字母发本身音,但come some等例外。

6、闭音节:a) 辅+元+辅bad, bed, sit, hot, cup;

b)元+辅it us

在闭音节中,元音字母发短音。

三:拼读规则:

1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

音节中发短音(短元音)。

元音字母开音节规则,有些常用词汇例外,如have[h ?v, hЗv,],give[ɡiv],live[liv]-v/[laiv]-ad。

2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

5、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

对开音节位置。)leopard → leop-ard 其中的字母o不发音。

7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

注:元音字母指的是五个元音字母Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu。元音字母数量虽少,但出现的频率高。

元音字组由两个或三个元音字母在一起发一个元音(ar er ir or ur are ere ire ore ure ai/ay air al au/aw ea ear ee eer ei/ey eu/ew ie oa oar/oor oi/oy oo ou/ow our ui),少数几个辅音字母(r l w y)也可以和元音字母一起组成元音字组。

单词中读字母名称音的后半部分的辅音字母:m,n,l,f,s,x。注意:拼读单词要注意的几点:

1、浊化: ? ?????????? ? ??◆????? ? ???● ? ???●● school

2、连读: ????? ⌒ ?? ? ????? ??◆? ? ?? ?⌒ ?? ⌒

??● ?

not at all, half an hour 3、失去爆破(不完全爆破 ): ??? ???? ? sit down good job

4、同化:Would you like it? Can't you see it?

四、 容易混淆的元音

1) [e] [?] [?] bed-bad; men-man; lend-land-England 2) [i:] [??] greet-great; read-raid 袭击,搜捕 see-say 3) [?] [?] Sam-some, bat-but, bag-bug 臭虫,程序缺陷 4) [au] [ ?] [?] count-can't down-done 5) [au] [ ] found-fond 喜爱的, 溺爱的

6) [?] [ ] [ ??] sun/son-song bus-boss nut-not-naught 五、容易混淆的辅音

1) [v] [w] vet 兽医 wet; vest 背心west; vine 藤, 蔓wine 葡萄酒, 酒; very well

2) [s] [ ] sink think ; sort 种类 thought ; miss myth 神话; mass 大量的 math

3) [z] [?] closing clothing ; breeze 微风, breathe 呼吸 ; 4) [n] [? ] thin thing ; sin sing ; win wing 翅膀; ran rang 5) [r] [ ] room zoom 缩放;

6) [n] [l] night light , not lot, no low 六、重音和语调

1、重音 1)单词重音 A)双音节词

a)一般在第一个音节重读。如:letter, sorry b)有前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。如:a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port,

res'pect com'pare, in'form 通知, dis'cuss, mis'take, pre'pare, em'ploy 雇用, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, trans'late

c)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词,有两个重音。

'out'side, 'in'side, 'well-'known, 'un'like, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 're'tell, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war

B)多音节词 a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'family, e'conomy 经济, oppor'tunity,

b)词尾有 -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个次重音。

emp ●o'yee,雇员, engi'neer 工程师, ?ciga'rette 香烟,

Japa'nese, ????????????? K.K 2)句子重音

A) 英语的节奏:(轻)-轻-重-轻-(轻) 或 重-轻-(轻)(轻)重

同音词: peace-piece our-hour

see-sea-c won-one know-no father-farther aren't-aunt 易读混淆词:

wake week weak walk work much match march M arch

Kate kite cat cut kitty(小猫)

B) 读英语句子时间的长短:是由句子中的重读词的数目决定,而不是汉语那样

由句子中的汉字数目决定。

C) 实词重读,虚词轻读(冠词,单音节介词,单音节连词,助动词,情态动词和系动词be.)

D) 实词不重读的特殊情况a)实词第二次出现:He thinks of that as a child

thinks.

b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰:I met her in the railway station.

c) 代替词:Which book do you want? The small one.

d) 感叹词中的what 和how:What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!

e) street 在专有名词中:Wangfujing Street.

f) this在这些短语中:this morning/afternoon/evening

E)虚词重读的特殊情况

a) 情态动词,助动词和系动词be在句首,句尾和否定时:

Do you like it? Yes, I do.

Are you a doctor? Yes, I am.

Can you help me? Yes, I can. I don't like you. He isn't a worker.

b) 情态动词表示可能,惊奇和肯定时:

They may come this evening. Can it be five already?

c) 介词在句首和句尾:In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked

with.

F)其实句子重音与说话人要强调的内容也有关。

The boy near me wants to make dumplings. (体会重读不同划线部份的含义)

2、语调1) 升调:一般疑问句。↗

2) 降调:陈述句,特殊疑问句,祈使句,感叹句。↙

3) 选择疑问句以及多项并列时前面升调↑,最后一项用降调降↙。

【专题训练与高考预测】

【1】语音试题:从A.B.C.D.四个选项中,找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。

1.spare A. fear B. earn C. pear D. beard

2.navy A neighbor B. nationality C .relative D. valley

3.unit A. fierce B. nephew C. juice D .sure

4.gentle A. organise B. bargain C .regular D .charge

5.journey A. merchant B. courtyard C energy D serious

6.rush A.dull B. butcher C. sugar D push

7 foot A.flood B food C wool D.blood

8.silence A.weight B.ceiling C.bargain D. height

9.occur A.ocean B.opposite C.official D.offer

10.B limited A.advanced B.decided C.worked D.prefused

11.advice A.absence B.account C.pattern D.patience

12.Sunday A.stay B.everyday C.holiday D.delay

13.classes A.watches https://www.docsj.com/doc/407693133.html,s C.hopes D.techniques

14.Wednesday A.doubt B.husband C.glad D.handkerchief

15.hour A.tour B.pure C.cruel D.flour

16.chalk A.talk B.false C.altogether D.salt

17.prove A.stone B.route C.stove D.hook

18.anxious A.branch B.conclusion C.dangerous D.tongue

19.breathe A.health B.deaf C.increase D.pleasure

20.achieve A.research B.chemistry C.technique D.stomach

21.silver A.silent B.pretty C.tiny D.reject

22.motor A.opposite B.ocean C.oppress D.object

23.theory A.diary B.pioneer C.therefore D.really

24.oxygen A.geography B.degree C.recognise D.sugar

25.canal A.important B.liberation C.majority D.national

26.medicine A.except B.record C.increase D.physics

27.longer A .London B.prove C.lock D.lonely

28.admire A.quiet B.stare C.spear D.figure

29.Christmas A.speech B.stomach C charge D.church

30.advanced A.task B.fortunate C.entrance D.salute

31.courage A.south B.wound C youth D country

32.contain A.captain B mountain C.paint D.Britain

33.refer A. fisherman B. research C.disappear D. recorder

34.library A. language B. material C. operate D. labour

35 exactly A expert B. experiment C. exercise D. example

36.special A.shallow B.officer C.choke D.trousers

37.mathematics A.recycle B.respect C.message D.package

38.shoulder A.louder B.pronounce C.lonely D.Europe

39.increase A.desert B.design C.wise D promise

40.parent A.spear B.wear C.carry D.patient

41.month A government B. common C. along D monument

42.cough A. daughter B enough C. flight D. neighbour

43 ahead A.cheap B.break C.season D.breath

44.natural A.nature B.population C.practice D.native

45.salt A.chalk B calm C.almost D half

46.news A.research B. newspaper Christmas Thursday

47.depend A.envelope B.elect C.recent D.develop

48.solid A.Europe B.robot C.salt D.wander

49.straight A.certainly B.neighbor C.believe D.flight

50.character A.chain B.church C.stomach D.machine

51.parent A.glare B.measure C.failure D.capital

52.Christmas A. exit B heat C. whistle D. cartoon

53.spy A. thirsty B. university C. type D. dirty

54 none A.other B.consider C.propose D.purpose

55 suggest A bury B. supply C guess D. pump

56 houses A. does B. heroes C. boxes D. tomatoes

57 these A chemistry B.silent C necklace Dplete

58 gone A moment B lonely C motor D fond

59 season A reasonable B greatly C bread D weather

60 silver A. exhibit B.tiny C.delight D.island

61.perfect A. persuade B permit C. perhaps D service

62.civil A. Swiss B. different C.pencil D.driver

63 medicine A.directly B. pronunciation C.cooker D.couple

64.month A.bath B.smooth C.clothing D bathe

65 flow A how B. allow C. slowly D.town

66 handsome A Wednesday B.debt C.deadly D. forehead

67 course A soul B. resource C.country D.count

68 any A.many B.what C.grade D maybe

69 suggest A.guess B.suppose C supper D.butter

70 salt A.walk B talk C calm D also

【2】写出下列划线部分的音标。

1.junk ______

2.invitation_______

3.food _______

4.occasion ______

5.stomach ______

6.scary______7 fever_____ 8 explanation _____

9 examnine______10.recognise ____11energy ____12.debt______ 13 fuel_____ 14 precious _____ 15 diet _____16 author_____17 protein _____

18 application _____19.dairy _____20 charge ___21function ____ 22 prove_____ 23 digest ____ 24 doubt _____ 25 stir _____26 view ___27 theme _____

28 conclusion ______29 holy _____30 inspire ____31 conflict _____

32 threaten ________33 opinion _____34 regret _____35 honor_____

36 extreme_______37 ancestor ______38 pianist _____39 purpose ______

40 surround ______41faith _____42 surface _____43 commercial______

44.surprising _______45 salute ______46 secretary _______

47 protection ______ 48 technique______ 49 method ______50 remove ___

51 chalk __52 accent _____53 typical_____54 appreciate _____55 fortunately____ 56 rude ______57 avoid _____58 vary _____59 occur _____60 cate _____

61 injury _____62 achievement _____ 63include _____64 shoulder ____

65 nation ____66 series_____ 67.interview ___ 68 scene _____69 loyal _____

70 ruin____ 71 introduction ___72 scare ____73 majority____ 74 southern_____ 75 material ______ 76 south ____77 means___ 78 stare ___79 measure ____

80 suggestion ____81 motto ______82 tongue _____83 movie _____

84 natural _____85 tour _____86 nature _____87 unexpected ____88 naughty ____ 89 variety___ 90 normal ____91 whisper ____92 official ____93 wolf ____

94 officer_____95 wonder ____96 perform ____97 portrait ___98 president ___

99 access ____100 ability____101 affair ______102 approach ____

103 architecture _____104 astronomer ____105 atmosphere___

106 bath __107 blanket ___108 blood ___109 board ___110 bury ___111 cheer ____ 112 conquer ____113 convenient ____114 county____115 cure ___116 drown ____ 117 experiment____118.explanation___ 119exactly___ 120 forecast ____121 foot ___ 122 form ___123 furniture __124 ignore ____125 immediately _____126 inform ____ 127 loose _____128 pollute _____129 purchase ____130 reform ____

131 reliable _____132 research ____133 retire ____134 route ___135 scientific____ 136 social ____137 source ____138 sweat ____139 theory _____140 threat ___

141 truthfully ____142 urban ____143 violence _____144 within ____

145 wound _____146 absolutely ____147 accept ___148 advance ___

149 ancient ____150 award _____151 athlete ____152 wool ___153 breast ____

154 breath ____155 brief ____156 character____ 157 complete___ 158 course ___ 159 cruelty__ 160 deserted __161 desire _____

162 dial____ 163 disaster___ 164 effect___ 165 emergency ___166 emotion ___

167 expression ____ 168 facial_____ 169 fault ____170 fond ____171 further ____ 172 handsome ____173 host____ 174 honest ____175 Christmas _____

176 realize____177 employ ___ 178 regular ___179 prefer _____

180 suddenly ___ 181smooth ___ 182 murmur ____183 torn ____

184 general ____ 185 purple _____186 area____

187.allow ____188 certain ____ 189 garage ____190 service ______191.rule ___ 192. captain____193 nervous___ 194 thought ____ 195 unfair ___ 196 engaged ___ 197 period ____198 cyclist ___199 production ___ 200 phrase ____

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