【语法专攻】2016年高考英语一轮精讲精练：英语句子结构和成分分析(含详解)

简单句的五种基本结构文案大全

正确的英语句子都要符合一定的语法结构要求。英语句子的结构可以归纳成五种基本句

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更具体一些。文案大全

There seems to be something wrong, ______

there?

④.似乎有误解，是吗？

There appeared to be a misunderstanding,

______ there?

⑤.碰巧那时附近有辆公交车。

There ______ （happen）to be a bus nearby at

that time.

⑥.过去这里有条小河，不是吗？

There used to be a river here, ______ there?

⑦.过去这个森林里生活着一只老虎，不是吗？

There lived a tiger in the forest, ______ there?

D.there be 与have 的区别

there be …“某地有某物，某时有某事”；have 表示“某人拥有某物”。

改错：

①There has a book on the desk.

②There will have a meeting this evening.

考点7.双重谓语(仅供了解)

典型例句：

①He left this morning very gay.

②She left a shy girl and returned a young

mother.

分析：双重谓语的基本形式是：行为动词+表语，后面的名词或形容词说明主语从事该行为时

所处的状态。用作双重谓语的动词多为那些表

示位置移动变化的行为动词，如return，leave，go，come，arrive，start等。

句①意为：上午离开时，他很开心。

句②意为：她离开时还是一个害羞的女孩，回

来时却是一位年轻的母亲。

I.单句改错

1.【2007辽宁】Three plates were already on the

table when the man closest to me pointing to one

plate and asked me the name of the fish on it.

2.【2005全国Ⅰ】For the most part, students

working to earn money for their own use.

3.【2014大纲卷】So real friendship should able to

stand all sorts of tests.

4.【2008天津】I felt sadly. I learnt a lesson from

this experience.

5.【2013 四川】I’m sorry that I am abroad and

can’t send your flowers, so I’m writing to you. 6.【2008安徽】We thought the biscuits were

great. “Let’s got some more,” I said, “They’re

cheap and they really taste well.” （两处错误）

7.Others, however, against staying at home.

8.Exams should neither too difficult nor too easy.

9.There are many taxi drivers are women.(可改多

处)

10.There has a big tree in front of our school.

11.They often lonely.

12.Eggs go badly easily in summer.

II.语法填空

13.There ______ (exist) many problems with the

project.

14.There ______ (be) going to be three meetings

tomorrow.

15.The shop stays ______ (open) at night.

16.My mother bought a birthday cake ______ me.

17.There happened to ______ a bird flying above.

18.There ______ (lie) a swimming pool over there.

19.【2016湖北】The Public Square is an

eye-catching sight of the city.

There______(stand) many stone sculptures of

famous historical figures.

III.写作技能提升

A.不要忘了使用系动词。

20.那食物很可口，我吃了很多。（the food,

delicious）

21.那个电影好极了。（the movie, fantastic）

22.不过呢，一些人反对这个计划。（however,

against, the plan）

B.活用双宾语句式，用两种方法翻译下列句子。

23.他给我提了一些建议。（offer, some advice）

24.在我生日那天，母亲给我买了一件很特别的礼

物。（buy, a special gift）

25.他给我们读了一个有趣的故事。（read, an

interesting story）

26.他的叔叔留给他很多钱。（leave, a lot of

money）

C.正确利用两个“有”there be与have

27.我有许多好朋友。

28.今天晚上将有一场电影。

29.公园内有许多人。

简单句、并列句和复合句

简单句

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的句子是从句，

2.The boy who offer ed me his seat is called

Tom.

3.There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?

4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven

in the morning and come back home at seven in

the evening.

5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.

6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a

child.

7.Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he

do so.

8.What he said at the meeting is very important,

isn’t it?

9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a

tree.

10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.

11.Right now it is the summer vacation and I’m

helping my Dad on the farm.

12.It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so

every day I work from dawn until dark.

13.Sometimes we go on working after dark by the

lights of our tractors.

14.We grow rice in the south of the States, but in

the north where it is colder they grow wheat.

15.Although the farm is large, my Dad has only

two men working for him.

考点3.引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别

练习2.说出下列复合句中，where引导的是什么从句。

1.You can find it where you left it.（）

2.Tell me the address where he lives.（）

3.I don’t know where he comes from.（）

4.Where he was born is not known yet.（）

5.This place is where they once lived.（）

考点4.一个句子有两个主谓结构时，要考虑它们之间的连接问题

直接用逗号连接的两个简单句是错误的。一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构，那它就不是简单句了，要么是并列句，要么是复合句。这时我们就要考虑连接词的问题。这时，我们有三种方法来改正这个错句：

A.改为并列句：我们可以使用and, so, but等并列

连词来把它们连接起来；或者把逗号改为分

号。

B.改为复合句：加上从属连词，把其中的一个分

句改为状语从句、定语从句或名词性从句。

C.改为简单句：把其中的一个主谓结构的谓语破

坏掉，从而使其变成独立主格结构。

I like English, my English is very good. ×可以改为：

并列句：

I like English and my English is very good.

I like English, so my English is very good.

I like English; my English is very good.

复合句：

As/Because I like English, my English is very good.

（含有原因状语从句的复合句）

When I like English, my English is very good.

（含有时间状语从句的复合句）

简单句：

I liking English, my English is very good.

(把一个分句改为独立主格结构)

再如：I have a house, its windows are very big. ×可以改为：

并列句：

I hav e a house and/but its windows are very big.

I have a house; its windows are very big.

复合句：

I have a house, whose windows are very big.

(含有定语从句的复合句)

简单句：

I have a house, its windows very big.

(后面为独立主格结构)

考点5.两个分句一般只用一个连词

用了“因为（because, as, since等）”不用“所以(so)”；用了“虽然(although, though)”不用“但是（but）”。

改错：

Because I like English, so I am good at it. Although he is not intelligent, but he does well in all his subjects.

答案：第一句去so；第二句去but。

注意：有时so, but和and等词可以用在第一个分句句首，实际上是和前面所说的相联系，而不是连接后一个分句。如：

So if you don’t like it, you can give up.

因此，如果你不喜欢，你可以放弃。

And when they get there, General Forrest will take care of them.

而且他们一到那里, 福雷斯特将军就会好好处理他们.

练习3.利用英语句子结构规律做下列各题。

1.Five people won the “China’s green figure”

award, a title ______ to ordinary people for their

单句改错

III.写作技能提升

23.非常感谢你，你不仅给了我生命，而且教我如

何做一个好人。（thank you very much for, not only, but also）

24.我特别喜欢坐在你身旁，听你讲故事。

（particularly enjoy, tell stories）

25.在过去，我们不得不静静地坐在桌旁，听老师

讲。（had to, in silence, pay attention to, what）26.我仍然记得那天很早就起床，对那个新世界感

到忧虑。（remember, feel anxious about the new world）

27.我梦想站在教室的讲台上，给可爱的孩子上

课。（dream of, platform, give lessons to）

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C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. had he made D. he had made 8. --- What happened to his new car? --- No sooner _______ it than someone ran into it.

高中英语句子结构、成分分析-直接打印版

句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一.ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。Ｓ│Ｖ不及物动词）1. The sun │was shining. 2. The moon │rose. 3. The universe │remains. 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 5. Who │cares? 6. What he said │do es not matter. 7. They │talked for half an hour. 8. The pen │writes smoothly 基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 Ｓ│Ｖ（是系动词）│ ＰHis face │turned │red. 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner │smells │good. 3. He │fell │in love. 4. Everything │looks │different. 5.He│is growing │tall and strong. 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 7. Our well │has gone │dry. There be 结构：There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。此结构后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’ 试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等Ｓ│Ｖ及物动词│Ｏ1.Who │knows │the answer? 2. She │smiled │her thanks. 3.He │has refused │to help them. 4. He │enjoys │reading. 5.They │ate │what was left over. 6. He │said │"Good morning." 7.I │want │to have a cup of tea. 8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常人为间接宾语；物为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为：动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea,please. 强调间接宾语顺序为：动词+ 直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如： Show this house to Mr.Smith. 若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如：Bring it to me,please. Ｓ│Ｖ及物│ｏ多指人）│Ｏ（多指物）1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 3.She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 4. He │denies │her │nothing. 5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。 1 / 6

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