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必修四《热爱生命》教案

必修四《热爱生命》教案
必修四《热爱生命》教案

必修四10《短文三篇》教案

1.热爱生命

蒙田

【教学目标】

(一)知识与技能

1.了解作者生平及思想境界,了解随笔这种文体。

2.学习课文语言,通过摘抄名言警句,了解文章丰富的文化内涵,提高学生的文化素养。

3.读懂这篇短文,领悟文章哲理美和语言美,学会重点分析带有哲学性的句子(二)重点、难点及解决办法

1.学会阅读的简单技巧:画重点句、找关键词、总结概括

2.把握论著的主要观点和基本倾向,了解用以支撑观点的关键材料。

3.把学生带入那种热爱生命的情境之中,以激发学生对于生命的真实感悟,培养他们对待生命和生活的积极态度。

(三)情感态度价值观:

1、使学生感受生命是美的历程,是自然的厚赐,我们应该珍惜时间,热爱生命

2、使学生知道在现实生活中如何来热爱生命、如何把热爱生命落实到实际行动之中

【教学步骤】

(一)导入新课

2008汶川大地震关于生命的故事——陈坚:背压三块预制板的男人

陈坚,四川省北川县一个26岁的青年。他也许一辈子也没做过什么伟大的事,他只是一个普通的打工者。在这次地震中,他是无数不幸遇难者之一。被发现时他埋了72个小时。他顽强地求生,顽强地相信希望,他的乐观鼓舞和感染了所有救他的人,也感动了中国网民,他们发帖说他是地震中坚强的男人!一个如此热爱生命的人,带给自己和别人希望的平民——就是英雄。

在艰难的时刻,陈坚不放弃生命,热爱生命,这是令人感动的。每个人对生命的理解是不一样的,我们就来学习蒙田的《热爱生命》,看看这位思想家是如何诠释生命的意义的。

(板书)热爱生命

二、出示教学目标(多媒体展示)

三、整体感知

1.作者简介

(1)蒙田(1533—1592),法国文艺复兴后重要的人文主义作家。在16世纪的作家中,很少有人像蒙田那样受到现代人的崇敬和接受。他是启蒙运动以前法国的一位知识权威和批评家,是一位人类感情的冷峻的观察家,亦是对各民族文化,特别是西方文化进行冷静研究的学者。从他的思想和感情来看,人们似乎可以把他看成是在他那个时代出现的一位现代人。

蒙田出身贵族,祖上是波尔多人,他早年学习拉丁文,在波尔多市念完中学后,在相当长的时期内深居简出,闭门读书思考。后来,他在政府部门任职,成

为波尔多市议员,并两度被选为波尔多市市长。1562年他皈依天主教;1572年在他父亲死后才开始撰写《随笔集》。

2.文体介绍(关于随笔)

南宋的洪迈给随笔下定义言“意之所之,随即记录”“纵意而谈,涉笔成趣”这是我国最早给随笔下的定义,也是最贴切的阐释了随笔的特点。

随笔,是散文的一个分支,是议论文的一个变体,兼有议论和抒情两种特性,通常篇幅短小,形式多样,作者惯常用各种修辞手法曲折传达自己的见解和情感,语言灵动,婉而多讽。

3.课文鉴赏

(1)学生朗读课文,要注意在读的时候画出生字、生词,并深刻体会作者的思想情绪。

(2)第一段研读

范读第一段,提出思考问题:

A.我们本文的课题是“热爱生命”,而作者一开篇却谈到如何“度日”,作者这样写有何用意呢?

明确:生命和度日密不可分,因为我们的生命是由我们所度过的每一天组合而成的。同时,作者从如何度过生命中平凡的每一天这个稀松平常而与我们人人都紧密联系的话题入手,也会给读者带来一种熟悉亲切之感,调动读者阅读的兴趣。

B.请大家以最快的速度找出本段中的两处对比,看谁找得快!希望大家用作者的原话来回答、学会找关键词。

让学生找出对比句,然后分析对比的作用。

明确对比的作用:

蒙田认为生命是“值得称颂”并“富有乐趣”的,是“自然的厚赐”、“优越无比”的,即使是“到了垂暮之年也还是如此”;

他反对那种“不堪生之重压”或者“白白虚度此生”的生命态度和做法。

通过第一段的学习——我们了解到了蒙田对待生命的积极态度。

(3)第二段研读

现在请大家齐声朗读一下第二自然段。

作者在第二段就引用了古罗马哲学家塞涅卡的名言,来论证这一观点。大家再一起朗读一下这句箴言,同学们在平常课内外阅读时,可以收集一些你喜欢的、有意思的名人名言或优美诗词,按时翻阅最好能够背下来,以便你在写作文的时候能够旁征博引、信手拈来,拿名人的语言对自己的观点加以证明,可以为你的作文增色不少。【提问同学,老师搜集准备一些关于时间与生命的句子】

明确第二段的作用:承上启下。

(4)第三段研读

首先请同学们齐声朗读第三自然段,一边读一边思考,第三段和一二段之间的关系。

明确:第一二段作者讨论的的都是关于生命的话题,然而在第三自然段作者却引入了一个新的话题,也就是生命的另一面——死亡。

引导学生理解一些有哲理的句子

①“生之本质在于死。”这句话的理解?

②如何理解“乐于生的人才能真正不感到死之苦恼”句话呢?

③既然“乐于生的人才能真正不感到死之苦恼”,那我们如何才能做到“乐于生”呢?

学生讨论,各抒己见。

继续引导学生思考

作者接着提示我们说“享受生活也要讲究方法”。大家一起在文字来找一找享受生活的具体方法?根据原文,稍加概括。

A、生活乐趣的大小是随我们对生活的关心程度而定的。——关心生活、增加生活的乐趣

B、对于生命的长度,我们也许无法去预测,就像2008年发生在我身边的汶川地震一样,地震中丧失生命的人们,前一刻或许他们还在欢歌笑语,而后一秒刻,他们却已经被压倒在废墟之下。然而希望大家不要悲观,虽然每个人都无法预测未来,但是我们却可以把握现在,增加生命的分量,也就是我们每一天生活的质量。——无法增加生命长度、可以增加生命的分量

C、对待时间我们要抓紧、并且有效利用。把人生短暂而有限的生命过得丰盈饱满。作者以自己为例,自信比别人多一倍的生活即使已经进入老年(时光无多就是老年)”凭时间的有效利用去弥补匆匆流逝的光阴。使自己最后剩下的“生活过得丰盈饱满——抓紧、有效利用现在时间

(5)概括本文主旨

“生命”的含义是指人的生命,具体指的是人生、生活,倡导一种积极乐观的人生观。

四、总结本课

本文在表达上有何特点?

提示:这篇文章以议论为主。直抒胸臆,想素深刻。最突出的特点是运用对比论证,观点鲜明而突出。两种日子,两种不同的度态度和方法;“哲人”和“我”不同的生活态度。这样,通过对比,批判了悲观厌世虚无主义的人生观,给人以警醒,又倡导积极乐观的人生观,以人以启迪。

对比手法:

首先,把日子分为两种,一是令人不快的时候,一是风和日丽的时候;

然后,对两种不同的日子采取两种不同的度日态度和方法;

最后再把那些“哲人”和“我”对生命的不同看法作对比,他们“打发”“消磨”“无视”它,认为生命是“苦事”“贱物”;“我”认为生命是“值得称颂”“富有乐趣”的,是“自然的厚赐”,是“优越无比的”。

五、布置作业

《优化指导》中的活页练习

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