解析大学英语四六级阅读新题型

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今年12月起四六级考试正式改革，其中阅读部分由原来的“快速阅读”变为“长篇阅读”；原来的“简答题”改为“选词填空”。下面是新题型特点详细分析和解题思路。

一、长篇阅读

四六级考试改革前，快速阅读一篇、简答题一篇、传统阅读两篇，做题时间共40分钟。改革后，时间没有发生变化，篇章长度基本相同。但是题目不再遵循顺序出题原则，也就是说第一题答案可能在最后一段，最后一题答案可能在第一段。就这一点而言确实加大了难度，要求考生有速读能力。

以教育部给出的样题为例，先说说长篇阅读：一共15个段落分别用A-O标记，文章后面给出10道小题，题号分别用46-55标出。

很多同学会问同样的问题：“先看题目还是先看文章？”，个人认为最好先看题目，弄清楚题目涉及哪些内容。比如：

55. Using immigration as a means to boost the shrinking labor force may meet with resistance in some rich countries.

这句话陈述的是：移民作为一种促进萎缩的劳动力的手段，可能会遭到发达国家的排斥。

解题步骤

1.从题干中尽可能多地寻找关键词，精准定位答案位置。Immigration， means， boost, shrinking, labor force, resistance, rich, countries。

2.依次在给出的15个段落中仔细观察哪个段落含上述词，哪个段落就是正确答案。结果只有H段符合该要求。

原文：[H] On the face of it, it seems the perfect solution. Many developing countries have lots of young people in need of jobs; many rich countries need helping hands that will boost tax revenues and keep up economic growth. But over the next few decades labor forces in rich countries are set to shrink so much that inflows of immigrants would have to increase enormously to compensate: to at

least twice their current size in western Europe’s most youthful countries, and three times in the older ones. Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has at present. Public opinion polls show that people in most rich countries already think that immigration is too high. Further big increases would be politically unfeasible.

译文：[H]从表面上看，这似乎是一个完美的解决方案。很多发展中国家的年轻人需要工作；很多发达国家需要援助，以促进税收并且保证经济增长。但是，在接下来的几十年中，发达国家的劳动力将有可能萎缩，需要涌入大量移民来弥补，对于西欧新兴国家，移

民数量需增长至现在的两倍，老牌发达国家要到三倍。日本则需要更多移民。民意调查显示，多数发达国家居民认为移民已经太多。再增长的话，政治上是行不通的。

解析：首先，段落中加粗的单词已经大致确定了该段为答案段。该段最后一句：发达国家的人认为移民太多，再移民的话，政治上行不通，由此，可以判断该题选H.

这种方法适用于长篇阅读的所有题目。

如果有的同学实在没时间这样做题，有没有快速做题的技巧呢？我们再来看一道题：49. In a report published some 20 years ago, the sustainability of old-age pension systems in most countries was called into doubt.

在这个句子里，最引人注目的关键词是20，即使其他的单词都没看懂，也只需在15个段落中寻找跟年份有关的表达，只有A选项符合这个要求。见加粗部分。

原文：[A] Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older. The UN had the foresight to convene a “world assembly on ageing” back in 1982, but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis”, it ar gued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable.

译文：20世纪90年代初，人们才开始关注世界人口的老龄化。虽然联合国有先见之明，在1982年召开了一个“关于世界老龄的会议”。但是会议也是断断续续地开。到1994年，世界银行注意到这个问题的重要性。在一个标题为“避免老龄危机”的报告中，世行提出很多国家的养老金政策不可持续。

解析：题干说的是在大约20年前发布的报告中，许多发达国家养老金制度的可持续性受到了质疑。通读原文后发现该段话就是题干中的意思。通过明显关键词定位答案是可行的。

二、选词填空

选词填空的特点是给你一篇大约300词左右的文章，里面挖了10个空，给出15个备选单词，从中挑出10个符合原文的单词。这种考法在四级考试中见过，不应该陌生，做题思路也比较简单。

解题步骤

1.看看填空处左边是否有a, an, the, 介词，形容词等，如果有就不能选动词。如果填空处左边是情态动词就必须选动词原形。换句话说，需要掌握最基本的语法知识来大致确认空格处单词的词性。

2.结合上下文，选出最终单词。

以下面一题为例：

To understand why we should be concerned about how young people read, it helps to know something about the way the ability to read evolved. Unlike the ability to understand and produce spoken language, the ability to read must be painstakingly

36___ by each individual. The “reading circuits” we constr uct in the brain can be 37___ or they can be robust, depending on how often and how 38___ we use them.

The deep reader enters a state of hypnotic trance (心醉神迷的状态). When readers are enjoying the experience the most, the pace of their reading 39___ slows. The combination of fast, fluent decoding of words and slow, unhurried progress on the page gives deep readers time to enrich their reading with reflection and analysis. It gives them time to establish an 40___ relationship with the author, the two of them 41___ in a long and warm conversation like people falling in love.

This is not reading as many young people know it. Their reading is instrumental, the difference between what literary critic Frank Kermode calls “carnal (肉体的) reading” and “spiritual reading”. If we allow our offspring to believe carnal reading is all there is — if we don’t open the door to spiritual reading, through an early 42___ on discipline and practice — we will have 43___ them of an enjoyable experience they would not otherwise encounte r. Observing young people’s 44___ to digital devices, some progressive educators talk about “meeting kids where they are”, molding instruction around their onscreen habits. This is mistaken. We need, 45___, to show them someplace they’ve never been; a plac e only deep reading can take them.

A) acquired B) actually C) attachment D) cheated E) engaged F) feeble G) illicit H) insistence I) intimate J) notwithstanding K) petition L) rather M) scarcely N) swayed O) vigorously

看一下40题，前面是an，后面是relationship，所以能很快确定这里需要形容词。选哪个形容词需要看上下文，这句话说的是“给读者足够的时间去和作者建立一种……关系，两者……到一种长期、热情的对话当中，就像人们谈恋爱一样”。根据前后意思，如果像恋爱的话就得是亲密关系，所以40题选I；那么两者要怎么到一种对话当中呢？根据所给单词，只有一个比较符合，就是engaged,且41题后面还有一个介词in, 更加确信应当是engaged in“参与”。

有的时候固定搭配也能帮助解题，比如44题，observing young people’s___ to digital devices，年轻人……数字设备。备选答案中只有attachment可与to作为固定搭配，表达依恋，因此该空应当选attachment。

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