英语定语从句精讲精练 无答案

英语定语从句精讲精练---Attributive Clause

必备知识

一、句子成分：句子一般可以分为几个部分，每一个部分在句子中具有一定的功能，称为句子的成分。

句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。

1．主语是一个句子的中心，主语的位置一般在句首。

2．谓语说明主语的动作与状态，由动词充当，一般在主语之后。

3．表语位置在连系动词之后，说明主语的身份、特征和状态。

4．宾语表示动作的对象，即动作的承受者，一般动词后。

5．补语补充说明宾语或主语的特征或状态.

6．定语修饰名词、代词，放它们前面。

7．状语修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句。

二、英语五大句型：

1、主+谓(vi)

2、主+谓(vt)+宾

3、主+谓(vt)+宾+宾

4、主+谓(vt)+宾+宾补

5、主+系+表

Practice

分析句子成分

1. I am a university student now.

2. He often laughs at other people.

3. He likes swimming and often swims in the river.

4. Everybody in our class should keep the room clean and tidy.

5. The doctor advised me to take more physical exercise.

6. I usually get up early in the morning.

7. Would you please give me a hand?

8. My mother bought me a present yesterday.

9. He has already become a very famous writer.

10. He is doing his homework very carefully in the classroom.

11. The students got on the school bus.

12. He handed me the newspaper.

13. I shall answer your question after class.

14. What a beautiful Chinese painting!

15. They went hunting together early in the morning.

16. His job is to train swimmers.

17. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.

18. There is going to be an American film tonight.

19. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.

20. His wish is to become a scientist.

21. He managed to finish the work in time.

22. Tom came to ask me for advice.

23. He found it important to master English.

24. Do you have anything else to say?

25. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.

26. Would you please tell me your address?

27. He sat there, reading a newspaper.

28. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.

29. He noticed a man enter the room.

30. The apples tasted sweet.

定语从句

一、定语从句概念

定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的词称为先行词，通常位于定语从句的前面，定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出。先行词与关系词是定语从句不可或缺的部分。

I have a pretty wife. I have a wife who/that is pretty.

I have a big house. I have a house that/which is big.

A genius is a person who repeats the most times.

He has a brother who is a doctor.

二、定语从句关系词分类和作用

关系代词: that, who, whom, whose, which, as

关系词的作用有三个：

1、连接作用：关系词引导从句，把从句和主句连接起来；

2、替代作用：关系词在从句中替代它前面的先行词；

3、成分作用：关系词在从句中问题充当句子成分。

关系代词一般充当主语，宾语；关系副词一般充当状语。

三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用；非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开。如：

He has two brothers who work as doctors.

He has two brothers, who work as doctors.

非限制性定语从句的引导词可以是who, which, when, where等。

My brother is a good student, _____ can speak good English.

You can come at seven o’clock, _____ I shall be free.

I live in Beijing, _____ is the capital of China.

四、关系词的选择----“两看”

一看所替代的先行词是指人还是物；二看它在从句中所当的成分---主语、宾语、定语或状语Is this the computer company _____ you talked about yesterday？

The girl _____ is playing the piano upstairs is my sister.

That is a country _____ culture is quite different from that of China.

We need people _____ can help us.

The man_____ you saw yesterday was a doctor from Beijing.

Here is a book _____will give a lot of useful knowledge.

He did not study hard,_____ led to his failure.

I will never forget the days _____ we stayed together.

This is reason _____ I was late for school.

This is the house _____ I once lived.

五、关系代词that和which的用法区别

限制性定语从句中只用that的情况：

(1)当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, nothing等时；

Do you have anything _____you want to share with us?

You should tell me all _____ you know.

(2)先行词前有the only, the very(恰恰，正好)，the just(正是), any, few, little, no, all等词修饰时；This is the very bus that I am waiting for.

The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some money.

(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰，或先行词是形容词的最高级或被形容词的最高级所修饰时；

This is the most interesting novel _____ I have ever read.

This bus is the first _____ will go to Suzhou.

(4)先行词既有人又有物时；

Do you know the things and persons _____ they are talking about?

(5)当句中已有who时，为避免重复。

Who is the boy _____ came first in the competition?

当先行词指事/物时，定语从句中一般只用which的情况：

(1)在非限制性定语从句中，指前面的某名词或它前面的整个主句时；

He passed the exam, _____ made up very surprised.

The accident, _____ took place in London, happened because of the fog.

(2) 引导介词、介词短语提前的定语从句时,构成介词+which结构；

This is the house in _____ Mo Yan once lived.

六、关系代词who, whom, that和whose的用法

当先行词指人：①在定语从句中做主语时，用who/that,不可省略；②在定语从句中做宾语时，用whom/who/that，可以省略；③在定语从句中作定语时，用whose。注意以下形式变化whose+n=the+n+of which=of which +the+n.

She is the girl _____ lives next door.

That’s the beautiful girl _____ I met yesterday.

This is the boy _____ name is known to all of us.

This is the house _____ roof broke last night.

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七、“介词+关系代词”的定语从句

①介词+which，指代物；介词+whom，指代人；

He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of _____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.

In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to _____ she could turn for help.

②复合介词短语+关系代词，这种的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开；

He lived in a big house, in front of _____ stood a big tall tree.

There was a great pain in my right foot, because of _____ I could only limp along.

八、定语从句中只能用as不能用which/that的情况

①As用“正如....一样，如同....一样”意思，常引导非限制性定语从句，用于一些固定结构之中。如：

as we all know, as is known to all/everybody, as we can see, as is mentioned above, as is often the case等。

As引导定语从句常用于句首，兼或放句中。

_____ is known to all, China is a developing country.

_____ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.

②先行词受到such, the same修饰时，构成such+先行词+as/the same+先行词+as结构时。She is such a beautiful girl _____ we all like. (定语从句)

She is such a beautiful girl _____ we all like her. (状语从句)

注意the same...that与the same...as的区别

This is the same pen _____ I lost yesterday. (同类事物)

This is the same pen _____ I lost yesterday. (同一事物)

③as与which的区别

位置：as从句的位置既可以在主句前，又可以在主句后, 而which从句的位置只能在主句之后。两者都可以代替整个主句的内容，而不是某一个词。

_____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

The moon travels round the earth once every month, _____ is known to everybody.

另外：as多用于习惯的固定结构中：as we all known, as is known to all, as we all can see, as is often the case, as often happens, as is mentioned above等。

_____ is known to us all that China has the largest population in the world.

_____ is known to us all, China has the largest population in the world.

That student that the teacher thinks best played truant(逃学)yesterday, _____ made the teacher very disappointed.

九、关系副词when/where/why用法

①当关系词在句中作状语时，要用关系副词。判断的依据是：①从句中为不及物动词②从中主谓/主谓宾成分齐全。

when=in/at/during...+which; where=in/at/on/under...+which why=for+which

I still remember the day _____ I first came to Beijing.

Can you tell me the office _____ he works?

Do you know the reason _____ he is absent?

②关系词where 考查

当先行词为situation, point, case, circumstance时, 关系词常为where。先行词由明显的地点变成模糊的地点。

They have reached the point _____ they have to separate from each other.

Sales director is a position _____ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.

③注意不是所有的时候，当先行为时间词时都用when，为地点词时都用where, 为原因词时都用why, 主要看先行词在句中做何成分。

Do you still remember the days _____ we stayed together?

Do you still remember the days _____ we spent together?

This is the farm _____ I visited last year?

This is the farm _____ I once worked.

I want to know the date _____ you were born.

I have forgotten the date _____ you told me.

Do you know the reason _____ he is absent today?

That is the reason _____ I want to know.

十、注意先行词为way和time时，连接从句的关系词

What surprised me was not what he said but the way ______________ he said it.

This is the second time _____ the president has visited the country.

I can hardly remember how many times _____ I have failed.

This was at a time _____ there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.

There will be a time _____ we have to say good-bye to each other.

Practice

1. The prize will go to the writer ______ story shows the most imagination.

A. that

B. which

C. whose

D. what

2. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do

in such weather.

A. this

B. that

C. what

D. which

3. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______, of course, ma de all the others

upset.

A. who

B. which

C. what

D. that

4. You’ll find taxis waiti ng at the bus station ______ you can hire to reach your host family.

A. which

B. where

C. when

D. as

5.The old town has narrow streets and small houses ______are built close to each other.

A. they

B. where

C. what

D. that

6. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ______had taken more than three

years.

A. for which

B. with which

C. of which

D. to which

7. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval (间隔), ______the audience can buy

ice-cream.

A. when

B. where

C. that

D. which

8. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ______ it will keep for two or three weeks.

A. when

B. which

C. where

D. while

9. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ______uses it somewhat

differently.

A. which

B. what

C. them

D. those

10 A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it

begins to rain.

A. when

B. that

C. where

D. there

11. The school shop, ______ customers are mainly students, is closed f or the holidays.

A. which

B. whose

C. when

D. where

12. The days are gone ______ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

A. when

B. that

C. where

D. which

13.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, ______ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.

A. which

B. where

C. who

D. that

14.Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ______ she spoke fluently.

A. who

B. whom

C. which

D. that

15. April Fool’s Day is a traditional festival ______ people play harmless jokes on others.

A. when

B. where

C. that

D. which

单句改错

1. I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei.

2. I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.

3. I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together.

4. However, there are still some countries there people have shorter lives.

5. The boy and his stories which you told me are interesting.

6. Which is known to all, paper was first made in China.

7. This is one of the best books that has been discussed at the meeting.

8. This is the only one of the students who were praised.

9. It’s the most exciting match which I have seen.

10. I shall never forget those years which I lived in the farm which you visited last week.

11.The radio which I bought it last week has gone wrong.

12 .He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of them hadn’t been cleaned fo r at least a year.

13.The day will come which the people all over the world will win liberation.

14. Mr. Smith is one of the foreign experts who is working in China.

15.He is a man of great experience, from who much can be learned.

16. I have bought the same dress which she is wearing.

17.In the police station I saw the man from which room the thief had stolen the TV set.

18.Please put the letter which he can easily find it.

19.The reason why I was away from school is because I was ill yesterday.

20.They have decided to stay at home, that is , I think ,a wise choice.

21. All the apples which fell down were eaten by the pigs.

22.I, who is your good friend, will try my best to help you.

23.She heard a terrible noise , as brought her heart into her mouth.

24.His parents wou ldn’t let him marry anyone whom family was poor.

25.The weather turned out to be very good, that was more than we could expect.

26.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , the price of whose was very reasonable.

27.Which has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.

28.He lived in London for 3 months , during that time he learned some English.

29.On the wall hung a picture, which color is blue.

30.I don’t like the way which you speak to her.

高中英语语法定语从句总结全

高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ、概念: (１) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词（antｅcedｅｎt)后面。 (2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语，或整个主句。 (3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。 关系词得作用: 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词; ２) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语，状语) 常用得关系代词: ｔhat、wｈｉcｈ、wｈo、whom、wｈosｅ,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语）、why(原因状语)、wｈe ｒｅ（地点状语） 可以修饰人得关系代词:thａt, ｗho，wｈｏｍ,whosｅ 可以修饰事得关系代词:tｈat, whｉcｈ, as，whose, The studeｎt who answerｅd ｔhe ｑuestion was John、 Ｉkｎow thｅｒeasoｎwhy he wａｓso angｒy、 The bｏy （wｈom) ｙou are taｌkｉnｇｔo is myｂrotｈｅｒ、 Ｉ'd likｅ a ｒoｏｍwhose window fａｃesｔｈe sea、 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词; 第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语); 第三选择合适得关系词。 Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法: ●tｈat:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于whｏ或wｈｏｍ;指物时,相当于whiｃh)（一般不用于非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语) 如: 1、A lｅtteｒthaｔ／which is wrｉtｔen in peｎcｉl is diffiｃult ｔo ｒead、（主语) 2、Do yｏu kｎｏw tｈe gentleman ｔhａｔ/ｗｈｏspoke just ｎｏw? 3、Ｙou can takｅａnything ( ｔhat)you like、(宾语) 4、Whaｔｉs thｅquestiｏｎ(ｔhat/whｉｃh) they aｒｅｔalｋing about? 5、Hｅreｉs theｍan （wｈo／whom/ｔhat) yｏu want tｏsee、 6、Ｓhe＇s no longeｒthe girl( that) sｈeｕsｅd to ｂe befｏre、（表语） 7、Ｏuｒhometｏwn iｓno ｌonger ｔhｅoｎe (thａt)it usｅｄto ｂe、(=Ｏｕr homeｔｏｗn iｓｎot tｈe sａｍe as it uｓed tｏｂe、 = Our hｏmｅtｏwn is diffeｒenｔfrom what iｔｕｓｅｄtｏｂe。 =Ouｒhometｏｗn ｉs notｗhａt it uｓed to ｂe、) ●which：指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如： 1、Thｅboｏk which/thａｔwas ｏn the ｄeｓkｗａsｂought bｙｍy fatｈer、(主语) 2、Tｈｅboｏk(whiｃh/tｈaｔ) Ｉｂｏught yesteｒdaｙｉs very

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