英国浪漫主义时期的主要诗人和他们的代表作

On Major Poets and Masterpieces of English Romantic

Period

ChapterI:the background of the rise of English Romantic Period

The French Revolution of 1789 (French Revolution) brought hope to the future of human,and it impacted on British Society ,too. The British Industrial Revolution not only created wealth, but also intensifyied the contradiction between labor and capital. The transformation of the social structure and changes in the relationship between people and the traditions, man and nature promoted intellectual differentiation. Then, a group of better educated people felt confused about the society and they were at a loss what to do .In this context, the British Romantic literature rose.It originated in the end of the eighteenth century and became prosperous in the first half of the nineteenth century.

ChapterII:the classification of poet in English romantic period

2.1 the pioneer of English romantic literature

The pioneer of romantic literature is poet Robert Burns who lived in late eighteenth century and William Blake. Burns draw nourishment from the folk songs in Scotland, ("Poems, chiefly in Scottish dialcet") is his masterpiece, specializing in Lyric and satire ; Blake's "songs of innocence" and "songs of experience" ,which describe the ideal society order,are creative and fresh,full of originality.

2.2 the two schools of British Romantic literature

Two opposing schools were formed in the formation of the romanticism.They are active romanticism and passive romanticism. Active romanticism is a positive trend of progress.Active romantic poets dare to face up to reality, criticize the social darkness and lead people to look ahead.Passive r omanticism is a reactionary countercurrent negative trend, it takes a negative attitude to escape, against the status quo, cling to the past and leads people to look back.

2.2.1 the representatives of Active Romanticism

The emerged poets put forward the British Romantic literature to a climax.The representative poets are Byron, Shelley and Keats,they are active romanticist.Unlike the lake poets, they put more fighting consciousness and politic trends in his works. Shelley (1792 - 1822) is the most concentrated romantic poet and a British Utopian.In

his poem "Queen Mab" ,filling up with fantasy and allegory, reflects the religious and private ownership of condemnation and change of social desire. The long poem "the revolt of Islam" criticizes the tyranny and bloodshed made by autocratic oppression to people and praiseds the struggle anti feudal made by revolutionary. He also wrote "Cenci family", "Ode to the west wind", "to a Skylark" and "song of freedom" and a large number of poems and dramas, as well as the famous paper "a defence of poetry". Drama "Prometheus Unbounded") is the representative work of Shelley, based on the ancient Greek Rome myth which is about the inevitable fate of the oppressed people and the suffering of the tyrant and predicted that the revolution will surely come. In his poems Shelley expressed opposition to authoritarian tyranny, sang the praises of struggle and prospected ideal social political environment which is filling up with freedom and happiness. Byron (1788-1824) is a famous romantic poet during the first half of nineteenth century. He traveled from place to place so his poems are full of exotic. His representative works "Don Juan" is a search on the capitalist system, leading people to think. Keats (1795 - 1821) was a talented poet, once under the impact of Wordsworth and others. He wrote the famous poem "Ode to a Nightingale" and "Ode on a Grecian Urn", indulging in the pastoral scenery of the ancient world.

1:Posey Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)

Posey Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) is a poet and politician who is as famous as Byron in the British Romantic Literature. Engels called him "a gifted prophet", Marx called him "a true revolutionary socialist," "daring vanguard". At the age of 19 Shelley wrote "necessity of atheism “and 20 finished “the book to Irish people " and other two political works.All the books aroused big waves in the British at that time. The representative work of Shelley is his drama "Prometheus Unbounded" which made new fiction of the Greek mythology story.He added some symbolic image and changed the end that Prometheus and Zeus compromised to another one that Heracles freed Prometheus and overthrew Zeus’s tyranny. Prometheus is portrayed as a champion of the refuse to be cowed or submit images. Works with mythical form describes the inevitable end the suffering of the people and the tyrant's oppression, predicted that the revolution will come and the final victory; and also a detailed description of the beautiful scene after the victory of the revolution. The whole drama is full of great momentum and quite infectious.

Shelley's poems with rich political color are the "Queen Mab" and "the revolt of Islam". In these poems, Shelley exposed and condemned the feudal tyranny and the church's sin, denied the oppression and exploitation of all forms of propaganda, ideaed of freedom and equality, called on the people to struggle. These poems artly reflects the passion, great momentum and the texture of the metal through the force. Shelley is also known to the world because of the lyric poems. His lyric masterpiece are"Ode to the west wind", "cloud" and "Skylark" etc.. These poems developed traditions that Wordsworth created about describing the nature, often reflects the

poet’s meticulous observation of nature.The feelings are sincere, shining with brilliant ideas.The style is untamed, sometimes melodious, the language is full of music and symbol images

2 :Keats

John Keats (1795-1821) is known as the "one whose name was written in water of the people", Shelley called him "the most active, most young poet", "a flower dew bred". His representative works are "Ode to a Nightingale", "Grecian song", "", "Ode to the autumn” “katydids and crickets" and "bright star"which sh ow the love of the eternity of natural beauty and negation of the vulgar reality,permeating with the spirit of freedom. Keats's poems have the beauty of painting in art (color) and sculpture beauty (stereoscopic), show the aestheticism tendency. His five years of writing career achieved brilliant in the British Poetry artistry.

3 :Scott

Walter Scott (1771-1832) is the founder of the European historical novels, but also the romantic poet and novelist.What laid his status in the history of literature is a series of historical novels known as the "Scotland style", in which "Ivanhoe" is his masterpiece. This work was based on Britain in the end of the twelfth century, Ivanhoe ,a Saxon noble descendant , adventure protagonist, descring the contest, the castle, the knight love, grand Greenwood life scenes.It reflects the contradiction between Norman the conqueror Saxon nobles and the noble and reproducted of the twelfth century British ethnic conflicts, ethnic customs and each class life.Scott's historical novel adopted the romantic and realistic combinations of tactics, which have made three contributions for t he later historical novels’writing: one is to put the custom description into the historical novel, two is to set the main character as ordinary people in a historical novel, three is to mix historical novels with the distinctive atmosphere. These factors greatly influenced his contemporaries and later many American novelist.

2.2.2 the representatives of Passive Romanticism

British first true romantic masters are three poets known as the " Lake Poet” ,they are also representatives of Passive romanticism. The poet William Wordsworth (1770 - 1850) and Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772 - 1834) and Robert Southey (1774 - 1843) lived in Cumberland lake ,northwest England, and has many similarities in wrting theory and ideas and thoughts, so they are known as the "Lake poets". Lake sent three poets in Medieval and patriarchal rural life, is a representative of romantic literature in the gentle qingli. The poet embrace contradictory attitude of the French Revolution, the capitalist industrial civilization and city civilization of disgust, to eulogize is patriarchal rural life and nature, like description of mysterious and bizarre scene with exotic scenery. Wordsworth is the greatest achievement of the lake poets, he and the "Lake Poets" another poet Coleridge published "Lyrical Ballads", become the foundation of British Romantic Literature works. Poems included in the poetry

mostly done for Wordsworth, but Coleridge's poem "the ancient mariner" and "Kubla Khan" .which is full of illusion and strange imagery ,is also in it.

1:Wordsworth

Wordsworth is the greatest achievement of the lake poets, he and the "Lake Poets" another poet Coleridge published "Lyrical Ballads"which become the foundation of British Romantic Literature works. Poems included in the poetry mostly done for Wordsworth, but Coleridge's poem "the ancient mariner" and "Kubla Khan" also in it which,. Wordsworth's poetry described a landscape of lakes and mountains and pastoral life, singing the beauty of nature.Its style is simple, fresh and natural,so Wordsworth has been called the "poet laureate".Besides, Wordsworth's most important works of this period is the long poem "prelude".

2:Coleridge

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772 - 1834) is the main representative of British Romanticism, but also an important theorist and criticist. Coleridge’s representative work is "the ancient mariner", describing a strange voyage of an old seaman. The poem is a story full of magical beauty . It is to explore the life of crime and punishment, poet combined the Pantheism Thought that love all things in the universe with Christian thought, putting foeward love and Christian atonement thought. The true value of this poem is not the story itself or the philosophy it contains, but in a magic painting marine picture that author created for readers accuractly .

The poetry of Coleridge represents a romantic mystery and fantasy and also explored the beauty of music in poems technically. His creative practice and construction of theory not only influenced his contemporaries, also affected Byron, Shelley and Keats who against his political opinions.Besides it still have important reference value to today's poetic art explorer.

3: Southey

Robert Southey (1774-1843) is the "Lake Poets" and a "poet laureate" in the title of the poet. In life, he is a great guy. But in literature and political popularity, he is more suspicious to be a hack writer.On the British royal family special ceremony he is supposed to write a poem. He wrote a lot of lyric poetry, based on middle societies and exotic which are mysterious His representative poem "the vision of judgment" sing the praises of George III and is to please the British royal family,which was mocked by Bryon.

ChapterIII:conclusion

The British Romantic movement made its creation free from the bondage of ration. The traditional describing nature, focusing on the ration having changed to describe the inner world and paying great attention to the expression of emotion,centering on the "self" to build self romantic world are the three outstanding features of British Romantic Literature and the world. In the creative practice, the British Romantic writers hold high the banner of "back to the Middle Ages", absorbing a large number of nutrients from the Medieval Folk Literature so as to get rid of the shackles of classicalism.They began to play a free imagination ,to express a strong emotion and to attempt new reform s in the aspects of the context, language, form and etc. All these contribute a unique artistic style to British Romantic literature.

浅谈浪漫主义时期的建筑与音乐

浅谈浪漫主义时期的建筑与音乐【摘要】本文主要阐述了浪漫主义时期建筑和音乐的艺术特色，文化背 景，思想根源及其和相互影响 关键字：起源，发展，艺术，联系 一、浪漫主义的由来及其思想文化 浪漫主义（英语romantic）一词源出南欧一些古罗马省府的语言和文学。这些地区的不同方言原系拉丁语和当地方言混杂而成，后来发展成罗曼系语言（the Romance languages）。浪漫主义作为欧洲文学中的一种文艺思潮，产生于十八世纪末到十九世纪初的资产阶级革命和民族解放运动高涨的年代。它在政治上反对封建专制，在艺术上与古典主义相对立，属于资本主义上升时期的一种意识形态。 法国著名浪漫主义女作家乔治·桑曾对批判现实主义大师巴尔扎克说：“你既有能力而也愿意描绘人类如你所眼见的。好的！反之，我，总觉得必要按照我希望于人类的，按照我相信人类所应当有的来描绘它。”乔治·桑的这段话表明她在创作上所遵循的是与现实主义不同的创作方法，这就是浪漫主义。浪漫主义的基本特征是理想主义，就是按照作家认为生活应当有的样式来反映生活，因而总是理想地描写对象或者描写理想化的对象。 浪漫主义由于理想性质的不同，分为积极浪漫主义和消极浪漫主义两种。积极浪漫主义的理想，是与社会发展的趋向，与人民群众的愿望和要求相一致的，因而能够激励人们改造现实，增强人们的斗争意志。高尔基说：应用浪漫主义的方法，可以美化人性，克服兽性，提高人的自尊心。屈原的《离骚》，李白的诗歌，吴承恩的《西游记》，郭沫若的《女神》，就是我国这类浪漫主义的代表作。消极浪漫主义的理想，反映的是没落阶级对现实变革与社会进步的敌视。消极浪漫主义作家总是美化和怀恋已经消逝了的社会生活与制度，妄想历史能够按照他们的愿望倒退，因而思想悲观，情绪悲哀，作品内容表现为怀旧，逃避现实，或者陷入神秘主义。在艺术上则是格调低沉，色彩灰暗，往往蒙上一层迷离恍惚、虚无缥缈的纱幕。十九世纪英国的湖畔派诗人的作品就属于这一类。 浪漫主义作为欧洲文学中的一种文艺思潮，产生于十八世纪末到十九世纪初的资产阶级革命和民族解放运动高涨的年代。它在政治上反对封建专制，在艺术上与古典主义相对立，属于资本主义上升时期的一种意识形态。 浪漫主义思潮的兴盛衰落，是由各国历史条件的特点所决定的。作为一种成型的文艺思潮，它首先产生在德国。由于当时德国容克贵族势力猖獗，资产阶级软弱无力，因而消极浪漫主义得势，积极浪漫主义发展迟缓。只有海涅登上文坛之后，积极浪漫主义在德国才有所起色。 法国的浪漫主义思潮，犹如大海的波涛，气势磅礴，蔚为壮观，来势迅猛，激烈异常。它的产生与发展是与封建贵族的复辟和资产阶级的反复辟斗争分不开的。浪漫主义首先从古典主义设置的种种障碍中冲杀出来，历经短兵相接的搏斗，一举获胜。继而在漫浪主义内部角返相争，积极浪漫主义者组织了包括批判现实主义作家在内的广泛的统一战线，打败了消极浪漫主义。在十九世纪二十年代以前，消极浪漫主义称王称霸，二十年代末到三十年代初，由于资产阶级在政治上的胜利，积极浪漫主义骤然兴起．并取得了主导的地位。 在俄国，浪漫主义的发展是较迟的。它在十九世纪初期才形成为一种流派。其中积极浪漫主义与俄国十二月党人运动紧密联系在一起，在贵族革命中起过显著的进步作用。代表作家

英国浪漫主义诗人

英国浪漫主义诗人 威廉·布莱克（William Blake，1757---1827），英国第一位重要的浪漫主义诗人、版画家。主要诗作有诗集《天真之歌》、《经验之歌》等。早期作品简洁明快，中后期作品趋向玄妙晦涩，充满神秘色彩。 威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth,1770-1850）与柯尔律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）、骚塞（Robert Southey）同被称为“湖畔派”诗人（Lake Poets）。他们也是英国文学中最早出现的浪漫主义作家。他们喜爱大自然，描写宗法制农村生活，厌恶资本主义的城市文明和冷酷的金钱关系，他们远离城市，隐居在昆布兰湖区和格拉斯米尔湖区，由此得名“湖畔派”。华兹华斯的主要作品有《抒情歌谣集》《丁登寺旁》《序曲》《革命与独立》《不朽颂》《远足》。 塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治（1772年10月21日－1834年7月25日），英国诗人、文评家，英国浪漫主义文学的奠基人之一。以〈古舟子咏〉(亦可称作〈古舟子之歌〉)(The Rime of the Ancient Mariner)一诗成为名家，其文评集《文学传记》(Biographia Literaria)以博大精深见称，书中对想像(imagination)与幻想(fancy)的区别尤其著名。一生作诗不缀，但中年时自称弃诗从哲，精研以康德、谢林为首的德国唯心论。 罗伯特·骚塞（1774—1843）是“湖畔派”三诗人中才气较差的一位。年青时代思想激进，饱读伏尔泰、卢梭的著作，在威斯敏斯特学校学习时曾因撰文反对校方体罚学生而被开除学籍。进牛津大学后，他更醉心法国大革命，写史诗《圣女贞德》歌颂革命，后来还与柯尔律治计划在美洲的森林里建立乌托邦社会。但中年后骚塞的政治态度却变得十分保守，还热衷于趋附权贵，成了统治者的御用文人，并因此获得“桂冠诗人”的称号。1821年他以桂冠诗人身份作颂诗《审判的幻景》颂扬去世不久的英王乔治三世，攻击拜伦、雪莱等进步诗人，称他们是“恶魔派”（撒旦派）。拜伦作同名讽刺长诗一首，对乔治三世和骚塞作了尽情的揶揄奚落。 乔治·戈登·拜伦（1788—1824），是英国19世纪初期伟大的浪漫主义诗人。其代表作品有《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》、《唐璜》等。在他的诗歌里塑造了一批“拜伦式英雄”。拜伦不仅是一位伟大的诗人，还是一个为理想战斗一生的勇士；他积极而勇敢地投身革命，参加了希腊民族解放运动，并成为领导人之一。拜伦是多产诗人。拜伦著名的诗还有《当初我们两分别》《给一位淑女》《雅典的女郎》《希腊战歌》《她走在美丽的光彩里》《我见过你哭》《我给你的项链》《写给奥古斯塔》《普罗米修斯》《锡雍的囚徒》《给托马斯·穆尔》

英国诗人资料

Poetry All Religions Are One (1788) America, a Prophecy (1793) Europe, a Prophecy (1794) For Children: The Gates of Paradise (1793) For the Sexes: The Gates of Paradise (1820) Poetical Sketches (1783) Songs of Experience (1794) Songs of Innocence (1789) The Book of Ahania (1795) The Book of Los (1795) The First Book of Urizen (1794) The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790) The Song of Los (1795) There Is No Natural Religion (1788) Visions of the Daughters of Albion (1793) 中文介绍】 英國浪漫主義诗人William Blake 威廉·布萊克 人物简介 1757年，他出生于伦敦一个贫寒的袜商家庭。由于个性过于独特，不喜欢正统学校的压抑气氛拒绝入学，因而没有受过正规教育。他从小就喜欢绘画和诗歌。 11岁起就进入绘画学校学习了三年并表现出非凡的艺术才能。其父有意让他师从一位著名的画家继续深造，但他为了家庭及弟妹的前途而主动放弃了这次机会，去雕版印刷作坊当了一名学徒。 14岁当雕版学徒，后于1779年入英国皇家艺术学院学习美术。 1782年结婚。不久以后，布莱克印刷了自己的第一本诗集——Poetical Sketches。 1784年，在父亲过世后，布莱克开始与著名出版商约瑟夫·约翰逊合作。在约翰逊的合作者中包括当时英国许多优秀人物，如：约瑟夫·普莱斯利、玛莉·渥斯顿克雷福特和托马斯·佩恩等等。布莱克同玛莉·渥斯顿克雷福特很快成为了好友，并应邀为其作品创作插图。 1788年后，他陆续出版了四本诗集。 1825年开始，布莱克陷入疾病的折磨，之后，他决意要在死去之前完成为但丁《神曲》的插图工作，但是直到死去，他也未能完成这一浩大的工程。直到1827年8月去世前的几天，他仍然在工作，“叫人用最后的几个先令去买碳笔”，画完最后一幅画把它放下，说道“我已经尽力而为了”。 他一生中一面与妻子相依为命靠绘画和雕版的劳酬清贫为生，一面继续从事12岁就开始的诗歌创作并配上自己的插图出版。威廉·布莱克的一生极其简单，没有大书特书之处，只有一些一直延续的简单事实和紧迫的艺术创作活动。 人物解析

王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3版)课后习题详解(第8单元 浪漫主义诗人(2))【圣才出品】

第8单元浪漫主义诗人（2） George Gordon Byron She Walks in Beauty 1.What is the colour of the lady’s dress?How do you know? Key:The lady’s dress is black.Because“She walks in beauty,like the night/Of cloudless climes and starry skies”.We can see that she is dressed in black and looks like the dark night. 2.What does“their dwelling place”refer to in the last line of the second stanza? Key:It refers to the lady’s face.“Or softly lightens o’er her face;/Where thoughts serenely sweet express/How pure,how dear their dwelling-place.”From these lines,we can know that“their”refers to“thoughts’”. 3.Where are the lady’s winning smiles?How do they appear to the poet? Key:The winning smiles are on the lady’s face and over her brow. The poet observes the woman’s tints on the face,so he figures out the smile on it. When a Man Hath No Freedom to Fight for at Home 1.What should a man fight for according to the poet? Key:According to the poet,a man should fight for glories and freedom.“Let him

英美文学浪漫主义

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英国浪漫主义时期的主要诗人和他们的代表作

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第三节 英国浪漫主义文学 一、19世纪初期的英国 工业革命、海上霸权和殖民扩张 资产阶级民主运动高涨 二、英国浪漫主义文学概况 19世纪中期前，英国人一直用Romantic 来指中世纪的骑士故事，没有人自称是“浪漫派”的。 1813年，斯塔尔夫人的《论德国》在伦敦出版后，施莱格尔关于“古典的”和“浪漫的”的划分才为英国人所知。 19世纪末，“浪漫的”才为大家所悉用，运用到许多著名诗人的研究上。 直到现代，艾略特还指出“古典的”与“浪漫的”区别就是“完整和片断的，已成熟和未成熟的，有秩序和混乱的之间的区别”。 20世纪80年代出版的《英国文学史》，谈到19世纪初的诗歌派别，只指出具体的“湖畔派”、“恶魔派”，没有用“浪漫主义”一词。 主要成就是诗歌;表现为对18世纪理性主义的反动;与法国大革命同步，崇尚自然，推崇想象 （一）先驱作家 1、彭斯苏格兰民族诗人《一朵红红的玫瑰》 2、布莱克 英国浪漫主义文学先驱，他最早用浪漫主义手法写诗 《天真之歌》《经验之歌》 英国画家Thomas Phillips于1807年所绘的布莱克肖像 The Ancient of Days (aka God as an Architect) Jacob's Ladder William Blake, Pietà, 1795 天真的预示 一颗沙里看出一个世界， 一朵野花里一座天堂， 把无限放在你的手掌上， 永恒在一刹那里收藏。(梁宗岱译) Auguries of Innocence To see a World in a Grain of Sand And a Heaven in a Wild Flower, Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand And Eternity in an hour. The Tige r Tiger! Tiger! burning bright In the forests of the night, What immortal hand or eye Could frame thy fearful symmetry? In what distant deeps or skies Burnt the fire of thine eyes? On what wings dare he aspire? What the hand dare seize the fire? And what shoulder, and what art, Could twist the sinews of thy heart? And when thy heart began to beat, What dread hand and what dread feet? What the hammer? What the chain? In what furnace was thy brain? What the anvil? What dread grasp Dare its deadly terrors clasp? When the stars threw down their spears, And water'd heaven with their tears, Did He smile His work to see?

英美文学选读(英国)浪漫主义时期笔记

Chapter 3 The Romantic Period 1. The Romantic Period: The Romantic period is the period generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads and to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament. It is emphasized the special qualities of each individual’s mind. 2.Social background: a. during this period, England itself had experienced profound economic and social changes. The primarily agricultural society had been replaced by a modern industrialized one. b. With the British Industrial Revolution coming into its full swing, the capitalist class came to dominate not only the means of production, but also trade and world market. 3.The Romantic Movement: it expressed a more or less negative attitude toward the existing social and political conditions that came with industrialization and the growing importance of the bourgeoise. The romantics demontrated a a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century writers and philosophers. They saw man as an individual in the solitary state. Thus, the Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit. The Romantic period is an age of poetry. Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats are the major Romantic poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution. Wordsworth and Coleridge were the major representatives of this movement. Wordsworth defines the poet as a “man speaking to men”, and poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.” Imagination, defined by Coleridge, is the vital faculty that creates new wholes out of disparate elements. The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imamgination, but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration, regarding them as something crucial for true poetry. The natural world comes to the forefront of the poetic imagination. Nature is not only the major source of the poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject mattre. It is in solitude, in communion with the natural universe, that man can exercise this most valuable of faculties. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic, defending the great poets and dramatists of their own national heritage against the advocates of classical rules. Poetry: to the Romantics, poetry should be free from all rules.they would turn to the humble people and the common everyday life for subjects. Prose: It’s also a great age of prose. With education greatly developed for the middle-class people, there was a rapid growth in the reading public and an increasing demand for reading materials.Romantics made literary comments on the writers with high standards, which paved the way for the development of a new and valuable type of critical writings. Colerige, Hazlitt, Lamb, and De Quincey were the leading figures in this new development. Novel: the 2 major novelists of the period are Jane Austen and Walter Scott. Gothic novel: a tyoe of romantic fiction that predominated in the late 18th century, was one of the Romantic movement. Its principal elements are violence, horror, and the supernatural, which strongly appeal to the reader’s emotion. With is description of the dark, irritional side of human nature, the Gothic form exerted a great influence over the writers of the Romantic period. 3. Ballads: the most important form of popular literature; flourished during the 15th century; Most written down in 18th century; mostly written in quatrains; Most important is the Robin Hood ballads. 4. Romanticism: it is romanticism is a literary trend. It prevailed in England during the period of 1798-1832. Romanticists were discontent with and opposed to the development of capitalism. They split into two groups.

美国文学浪漫主义时期

美国文学浪漫主义时期

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英国浪漫主义诗歌欣赏

Choose one romantic poet and make your comment on one of his/her poem. A Red,Red Rose Robert Burns Robert Burns is an excellent native poet of Scotland. He had written many lyrics praising nature, love, and friendship, such as “A Red, Red Rose”,“My heart’s in the Highland”. And today I will express my comment on his lyric “A Red, Red Rose”. This poem was written in 1794 and published in 1796. It is one of the world famous love poems, and one of Burns’best poems. It is written by a man for his lover. In the last stanza we can see that he is going away somewhere and “fare the weel”. The narrator keeps the poem simple as he does not want to complicate the expression of his feelings, his only desire is to proclaim his love for his partner, like a rose, soft, delicate, beautiful and innocent, in its simplicity, it sums up this man’s feelings for someone he adores. With its simple Scotch language, Burns expresses his love with strong emotions in effective words and haunting rhythm. The language of the poem is quite simple and such Scottish words like “luve”, “las”, “gang”, make it melodious and immortal. So, the poet’s own emotions are expressed with such vividness and simplicity that they appeal directly to the readers’heart. The red rose is a lyric of genius, made out of the common inherited material of folk song. It is an example of something that is very old but which seems startlingly new because it manages to convey deep feeling without qualification or embroidery. The extreme simplicity of the language and the charming rhythmic beat of the verse express better than anything else the poet’s true sentiments toward his beloved. In a word,it is the most popular poem in the world without any doubt, and I love it so much. 专业：英语专业 学号：B12123104 姓名：王利莹

19世纪英国浪漫主义诗人的美学思想及其影响

作者 :  杨莉 摘要：19世纪英国浪漫主义诗人都提出过自己的美学观点。华兹华斯和柯勒律治就诗的本质、目的、题材、形式、想象力等重大问题，提出了自己的美学主张。济慈的唯美主义、消极感受力与雪莱的柏拉图主义等为后世提供了极富价值的参考。梳理19世纪英国浪漫主义诗人的美学思想，从诗歌的题材、想象力和语言等角度讨论了华兹华斯与柯勒律治的美学主张，分别阐述济慈与雪莱的柏拉图主义与唯美主义以及济慈的消极感受力：从诗歌内容和形式的创新、文学审美价值观和自然观等几个方面分析了浪漫主义美学思想的影响。
关键词：美学思想；唯美主义；柏拉图主义；消极感受力
中图分类号：1106.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1008-2972(2010)02-0077-04

19世纪英国浪漫主义诗人大多集创作家与文论家于一身，他们不仅创作出一大批脍炙人口、流芳百世的诗歌作品，而且在诗学理论上他们也颇有建树。诗评家认为，在对待浪漫主义的美学原则这一问题上，浪漫主义诗人并未有过真正的一致，即使是同属第一代浪漫派的华兹华斯与柯尔律治也存在着不小的差异，同属第二代浪漫派的雪莱与济慈也不例外。华兹华斯、柯勒律治和雪莱以系统的论述提出了自己的美学思想，而济慈的诗学观点则散见于其致亲友的书信中。尽管形式不同，但有一点是毋庸置疑的，即他们的美学思想为后世提供了极富价值的参考，在英国文学史上，乃至世界范围都产生了极大的影响。

一、华兹华斯与柯勒律治的美学思想

1798年，华兹华斯与柯勒律治合作出版了《抒情歌谣集》，在其1800年版的“序言”中，二人就诗的本质、目的、题材、形式、想象力等重大问题，提出了自己的美学主张。这是华兹华斯与柯勒律治共同的美学纲领，也是英国浪漫主义的宣言。尽管如此，这样一次合作并不意味着二人在美学思想上的完全一致。
(一)关于题材
华兹华斯把题材的选择看作诗歌创作的一个重要环节。他以“日常生活里的事件和情节”入诗，选择微贱的田园生活作题材。原因在于，在这种生活里，人们的情感更单纯、更少约束，从而有利于确切地思考和有力地表达；在这种生活里，“人们的热情是与自然的美而永久的形式合而为一的。”
柯勒律治也热情关注题材的选择，他认为天才的征兆之一是“主题的选择和作者本人的兴趣或环境相去甚远”。以此为标准，柯勒律治对莎士比亚的《维纳斯与阿都尼》做出了高度评价，他认为该作品的诗才让读者“仿佛并没有听别人在叙述什么，而是看见了和听见了每一件事情”。柯勒律治认为这一效果的实现，部分是由于读者注意力的活跃，但更主要的是由于一种“疏远”，即诗人自己的情感完全超脱了他所描绘和分析的情感，而读者“被激动和被唤醒了的心灵”也能相应地摆脱低层次情感的束缚。即
(二)想象与幻想
如果说《抒情歌谣集》1800年版的序言更多地关乎诗歌的题材和语言，那么，1815年版的序言，华兹华斯则把重点放在了想象力上。尽管题材重要，但仅有事件和情境的叙述和描写还不够，华兹华斯认为还要加以“一种想象力的色彩，使日常的东西在不平常的状态下呈现在心灵之面前”。想象力在华兹华斯美学思想中的位置日益凸显。他的自传体长诗《序曲》，就记录了他作为诗人想象力的成长过程。华兹华斯甚至断言：“除了幻想和想象的诗以外，其他各类的诗都不需要任何特别的注意。”
华兹华斯对威?泰勒“想象力是一种描绘的能力，幻想力是一种唤起和结合的能力”的片面区分提出了质疑，在高低层次上，他与柯勒律治观点一致，他认为想象力是一种高层次的、有意识的精神活动，而幻想只是一种低层次的、随机的心智活动。进而华兹华斯得出的结论是，诗歌所表现的对象是由诗人的想象重新塑造的。想象力的产生并不借助于关联意象，它来自人的一种内在力量，在不需要外在刺激的情况下就能够进行他的心灵构造。
作为浪漫主义时期重要的理论家和评论家，柯勒律治非常看重想象力。他认为：“诗的天才以良知为躯体，幻想为服饰，行动为生命，想象为灵魂，这灵魂无所不在，它存在于万物之中，把一切形成一个优美而智慧的整体”。在此，柯勒律治确认了想象力作为其有机论美学的灵魂与核心的地位。此外，柯