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定语从句精讲精练

(一)关系代词的选用

1.首先找准先行词，并弄清先行词是人还是物。

2.必须弄清先行词在从句中所作的成分，这是选择关系代词的关键。

⑴先行词指人，并在从句中作主语、宾语，关系代词用who/that; as；

⑵先行词指物，并在从句中作主语、宾语，关系代词用that/which/as;

⑶先行词指人、指物、并在从句中作表语，关系代词用that/as/who/which;

⑷先行词指句子，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词用which,as；

⑸先行词是“时间名词”，如在从句中作主语、宾语，关系代词用which/that/as; 作状语，用when;

⑹先行词是“地点名词”，如在从句中作主语、宾语，关系代词用which/that/as; 作状语，用where;

⑺先行词是reason ，如在从句中作主语、宾语，关系代词用which/that/as; 作状语，用why;

⑻先行词指人、物，并在从句中作定语，用whose,指物时，可与 the＋名词＋of which互换；

⑼先行词是way,manner等词，关系代词用that，in which,亦可省略；

⑽关系代词前有介词时，关系代词用which(指物),who(指人)。

3.选择关系代词时应注意的几点：

⑴that 不能放在介词之后作宾语， which,who则可以，如介词在句子后面时，也可用that,也可省略。

This is the room in which we lived last year.=This is the room we lived in last year.这是我们去年住过的房间。

⑵that不能引导非限定性定语从句，其它关系词可以，引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词不可省略。

We walked down the village street,where they were having market day.我们沿着村子的大街走去，村民们正在那里赶集。

⑶as 引导定语从句，主句中的先行词常被such，the same或 so 修饰。the same...as 指“相类似的人（物）”，而 the same... that 指“同一人（物）。

We will give you such information as will help you in your work.我们将向你们提供有助于你们工作的资料。

This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这个包和我昨天丢失的那个一样。（相似性）

This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.这是我昨天丢失的那个包。

4.that,which,who 关系代词的用法区别

⑴当先行词包含有指人和指物的名词及其短语时，只能用that,不能用who。如：

The heroes and their deeds that he describes in his novels are familiar to us.他在小说里描写的主人公和他们的事绩是我们所熟悉的。

⑵当先行词被any,every,only,very,all,no等修饰时，通常用 that,一般不用 who或 which。如：

He is the only one here that knows English.他是这儿唯一懂英语的人。

There is no difficulty that we can t overcome.没有我们克服不了的困难。

⑶当先行词是序数词或最高级形容词或被这些词修饰时，用 that,一般不用which,指人可以用who。

The first text that we are to learn is very difficult.我们要学的第一篇课文很难。

This is the best movie that I have seen this year.这是今年我看过的最好的一部电影。

⑷先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,none时,通常用that,一般不用which。

All that glitters is not gold.闪光的不都是金子。

There is still much that can be done about it.关于这件事还有很多工作要做。

⑸当先行词是指人的不定代词 one 或those和 all 时，通常用who不用that。

Nothing is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。

⑹当先行词是复合不定代词anything,everything,nothing时，通常用that,something后可以用which。

Have you got everything that you need? 你需要的所有东西都有了吗？

⑺当先行词是复合不定代词 everybody,somebody,anyone,no one 通常用who,whom,一般不用that。

Let's go to somebody who was present at the meeting.我们去找出席会议的人。

⑻当先行词是疑问代词who，which时,通常不能再用who/which,而用that。

Who that have worked with him do not like him. 和他一起工作的人谁也不喜欢他。

5.as和which引导的非限制性定语从句

⑴as和which引导的非限制性定语从句中作主语代表前面整个句子。

He married her,as/which was natural.他和她结婚是自然而然的事。

⑵as和which 引导非限制性定语从句时，间或的也可以代表前面主句中的补语部分。

He seemed a foreigner,as/which in fact he was.他好像是一个外国人，事实上他就是。

He was not sick,as/which some of the other passengers were.他没有病，倒是其他一些旅客病了。

⑶as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以前置，而which引导的非限制性定语从句不可前置。

A big earthquake happened in the west part of Japan last night,as/which was reported on TV.=As was reported on TV,a big earthquake happened in the west part of Japan last night.据电视报道，昨天夜里日本西部地区，发生了大地震。

⑷当从句的谓语是否定形式，或从句谓语带有复合宾语时，用which而不用as。

The ships were frozen in,which not frequently happens in those regions.在那一带水域轮船被冰冻住的事并不经常发生。

He admires everyone in the class,which I find quite strange.他羡慕班上的每个人，这我认为太奇怪了。

6.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

⑴限制性定语从句修饰先行词，若省去，则意义不完整，影响表达，常含有先行词所表达意义中的一部分。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词，可省去，意义不受影响。常含有对先行词解释的意味。

He has a sister,who teaches English in a middle school.他有一个妹妹在中学教英语。（只此一个妹妹）

He has a sister who teaches English in a middle school.他有一个在中学教英语的妹妹。（还有其它姊妹）

⑵限制性定语从句修饰先行词，而非限制性定语从句修饰整个句子。

He wears a red shirt,which makes him like a girl.他穿了件红衬衣，使他像女孩。（说明全句）

He wears a red shirt which makes him like a girl.他穿了件使他与女孩相像的红衬衣。（修饰名词）

⑶如先行词是专有名词，只能是非限制性定语从句。

Abraham Lincoln,who led the USA through these years,was shot at a theatre in Washington D.C..领导美国渡过了这些年的亚伯拉罕·林肯在华盛顿特区的一家剧院被枪杀。

7.介词加关系代词中介词的选用

⑴根据先行词的习惯搭配。如：

I was surprised at the way in which he treated the old man.他对待老人的方式使我吃惊。

It was the school at which we got to know each other.我们是在学校相识的。

⑵根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配。

This is the teacher from whom we ve learnt a lot.这就是我们从他那里学到很多东西的那位老师。

The policeman with whom Mr.Henry is talking in the office is a friend of mine.正在办公室里与亨利先生谈话的那位警察是我的一位朋友。

⑶根据句子的意义。

My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke.我的眼镜掉在地上摔坏了，没有它，我就像个瞎子。

There is a tall tree outside,under which stands our teacher.外面有棵大树，我们老师就站在下面。

8.使用定语从句应注意的问题

⑴关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词应根据先行词来决定。

The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.三年级学生明天去爬山。

⑵定语从句有时不直接放在先行词之后，而是在中间插入一个定语、状语或谓语。

There is an expression in his eyes that I cannot understand.在他的眼睛中有一种我

不明白的神情。

The days are gone forever when the Chinese people were looked down upon.中国人民被人轻视的日子一去不复返了。

⑶当定语从句中谓语动词是短语动词时，不可把短语拆开。

The book which you are looking for is on the desk.(不可把for提前到which之前)你正在找的那本书在桌子上。

⑷关系代词和关系副词在从句中充当一个成分时，因此要避免句子成分重复出现。

Let me have a look at the dictionary that you bought yesterday.(不可在bought后再加it)让我看看你昨天买的那本词典。

⑸“介词＋关系代词”在从句中作状语，有时可以换成相应的关系副词when,why,where。

This is the factory in which/where Tom works.这是汤姆工作的工厂。

⑹“whose＋名词”有时可改成“the＋名词＋of which/whom”。

You are the only one whose advice /the advice of whom he might listen to.只有你的话他才可能会听。

I'd like a room whose window/the windows of which looks out over the sea.我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。

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