高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技巧和练习

高考英语词义猜测题解题技巧与练习做阅读理解，最怕遇到生词，不仅影响文章的理解，也会拖慢阅读速度，而在阅读理解当中，生词又是不可避免的，如何解决呢？

Part 1：知识点讲解

1类属法

即通过类属来推测词义。如：

■ Bananas,oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.

说明：从句意我们知道pineapples 和coconuts 与bananas, oranges是同类事物，同属水果(准确地说是“菠萝”和“椰子”)。

2推理法

即根据文章的前后语境推出生词的词义。如：

■Thatmuseum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in oneday.

说明：既然一天之内看不完所有的展品，那么immense 的意思应该是“很大”了。

■Everyoneagreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous. It was easy to see why sh e hadwon the beauty contest.

说明：既然“她在选美比赛中获胜”，说明她“很美丽”(gorgeous)。

3列举法

即通过对文章所列举的事物来猜测生词的词义。如：

■Childrenlike such creatures as dogs and monkeys.

说明：像dogs 和monkeys 之类的“creatures”，显然creatures的意思应是“动物”。

■In yourspare time, you may look through any of these periodicals: Time Magazine, NewsWeek, or The New Worker.

说明：periodical是生词，但根据其后所列举的例子，我们可以推测出它的意思可能是“期刊”或“杂志”。

4构词法

即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义。如：

■Overworkmay cause diseases.

说明：前缀over- 的意思是“过分的，过量的”，故overwork的意思应为“工作过度”。

■Therewas a dissatisfied look in the manager’s eyes.

说明：satisfied的意思是“满意的”，前缀dis- 的意思是“不”，故dissatisfied 的意思应该是“不满意的”。

5对比法

即根据文章前后的对比关系确定生词的词义。如：

■He hadbeen getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated .

说明：句中的but 表明deteriorate 应该与get better 的意思相反，即“恶化”。

■In manycou ntries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.

说明：上文说两个经济上的极端，那么下文中penury 应与great wealth 相对，即表示“贫困”。

■Mrs.Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.

说明：while 表对比，意为“而”，所以loquacious 应是silent 的反义，即“多嘴的”。

■If youagree, dr aw a circle; and a cross if you dissent.

说明：既然画圈表示同意，那么画叉便是“不同意”(dissent)。

6同位法

同位语是对所修饰词语的进一步说明和解释，若对所修饰的词语不熟悉，可通过其后同位语的“说明或解释”来确定其词义。如：

■Hisfather is an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language.

说明：同位语thestudy of the sounds of language 表示phonetics 的意思应该是“语音学”。

■Jean wasborn with spina bifida, a birth illness that damages the spine(脊骨).

说明：同位语a birthillness that damages the spine 表明了spinabifida 是一种病，一种对脊骨有损害的病。

7释义法

即根据文章中所提供的释义关系来确定生词的词义。如：

■Theydescribed him as a loon, or a mad man.

说明：句中的or 是对loon的解释，即loon与a mad man同义，即表示“疯子”。

■It willbe very hard but also very brittle, that is, it will break easily.

说明：句中的that is 表明it willbreak easily 是对brittle 的解释，从而猜测出其意为“脆”。

■Theherdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 500 yuan a year.

说明：定语从句wholooks after sheep 表明herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。

■Thereare three kinds of snow. One kind is a fluffy snow that is somewhat dry andfeathery?

说明：定语从句that issomewhat dry and feathery(有点儿干、像羽毛似的)表明fluffysnow 的意思可能是“鹅毛大雪”。

8常识法

即根据普通常识推测生词的词义。如：

■It’ssaid that Bil l Gates is the most affluent person in the world.

说明：根据常识，BillGates 为世界首富，所以affluent 可能是“富有的”

■As ascientist, Edison is very famous for his contrivances.

说明：根据常识，Edison为发明大王，他应因“发明”而闻名于世。

Part 2：例题解析

Eg 1：But he’s nervous.＂I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…＂Chris trips on the＂-ld,＂a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.＂…Vote for …me …＂Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.

1. What does the underlined word ＂stumbles＂in paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Improper pauses.

B. Bad manners.

C. Spelling mistakes.

D. Silly jokes.

【答案】A 【解析】本题考查词义猜测。由第二段中提到的Chris trips on the “-ld”, a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers 以及except for some stumbles , Chris is doing amazingly well可知这里的划线单词stumbles指的是演讲中的不足即前文提到的发音问题导致的不适当的停顿。故此题选A。

Eg 2：Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade,industrialization. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English．Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.

2. Which of the following best explains"dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？

https://www.docsj.com/doc/f8611551.html,plex.

B. Advanced.

C.Powerful.

D.Modem.

【答案】C 根据第二段后半部分dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over, 列举的英语、西班牙语、中文等都是使用人数较多等语言，所以选择powerful。

Eg 3：If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.

3. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?

A. A dessert.

B. A drink.

C. A container.

D. A machine.

【答案】D 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below可知孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到机器的上部，然后看到冰淇淋从下面出来，可以推断出a juicer是一台机器，故选D。

Eg 4：To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up —and out —the side of the hole.

4.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher”in paragraph 2 refer to?

A.The tube.

B.The still.

C.The hole.

D.The cup.

【答案】B 根据Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity可知最好在潮湿的地方挖洞，以提高接水器的工作效率。“接水器”指的是在潮湿的地方挖洞，在洞的底部放一个杯子，杯子上方用膜覆盖，整个装置构成接水器，而不是某个部分。这一题很容易错选D，但是就算在干燥的地方挖洞，杯子也可以接水，杯子接水的事实并不会因为周围环境的变化而变化，杯子的工作效率是不变的。故选B。

Part 3：课后练习

Exercise 1

This was the temperature in Banak,Norwayon July30, though some Norwegian areas even reached a couple degrees warmer, according to the European Severe Weather Database. Banak sits

atop northern Europe, over 350 miles above the bottom edge of the Arctic Circle.

The Northern Hemisphere and Europe itself have been repeatedly scorched by both record and near-record temperatures this summer as a consequence of overall rising global temperatures.

In the past 40 years, Earth's climate has experienced an accelerated warming trend, which adds an extra level of background warming to hot spells —making heatwaves more extreme, climate scientists have said.

1.Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “scorched” ?

A．Burned. B．Achieved. C．Scored. D．Reached.

答案与解析：A考查词义猜测。根据“The Northern Hemisphere and Europe itself have been repeatedly scorched by both record and near-record temperatures...”可知，今年夏天，由于全球气温总体上升，北半球和欧洲自身不断受到创纪录和接近创纪录气温的炙烤。因此，画线词的意思是“烧伤；烧焦”，故选A项。

Exercise 2

In a new review of previously published studies, researchers from Germany and Denmark took a look at the ways in which noises, such as an airplane passing by or jackhammer digging in the ground, can affect our hearts. Perhaps the most obvious impact of a loud sound while you are sleeping is that it can wake you up. But, even if you don't remember hearing the noise or you don't physically get out of bed, it can disrupt you in ways you may not realize.

2.Which word can replace the underlined word “disrupt”?

A．Defeat. B．Harm. C．Affect. D．Discourage.

答案与解析：B考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“But, even if you don't remember hearing the noise or you don't physically get out of bed, it can disrupt you in ways you may not realize”可知，但是，即使你忘记曾听到这样的噪声或者你并没有起床，噪声仍然以你察觉不到的方式对你造成伤害，故选B项。

Exercise 3

School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U. S. A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the "wrong'

clothes.

3. In Paragraph 1, the word "benefits"probably means________.

A. tasks

B. messages

C. differences

D. advantages 【答案】D 猜测词义。从下文看，作者例数校服的诸多好处，显然“benifits"在此有“优点，好处”之义。其他三词tasks(任务)，messages(信息)，differences(不同)，意思相差甚远。

Exercise 4

Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to life as we do and that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe what they do as character- building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun-carrying and killing improve human character, then perhaps we should encourage war.

4：The underlined word "agony"in the last paragraph probably means________.

A. form

B. condition

C. pain

D. sadness

【答案】C 根据前文but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony 可猜出改词意思为状况，所以答案为C。

Exercise 5

Millions of aircraft take off around the world every year. The skies they fly in seem limitless --miles of empty space. But, with the number offlights increasing each year, this emptiness no longer exists. Researchers in the world of aviation (航空) are worried about the increasing pressure on pilots and ground controllers. And increasing collisions, occurring at or near an airport, have called attention to the need for more aids (辅助设备) to aviation control.

5. The underlined word "collisions"probably means

A. accidents in which two planes hit each other

B. misunderstandings between pilots and ground controllers

C. quarrels among passengers

D. breakdowns of new types of instrument

答案: A 指导：根据第一段第二句和第三句“飞机好像在几公里这么宽的无限制空间中飞行”，“然而随着飞机数量的增多，这种无限的空间不存在了”。由于空间有限，所以撞机事件时有发生。

(完整版)词义猜测题

阅读理解之词义猜测题 词义猜测题常见设题方式：： 1. The word "…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by __________ 2. The word "…” is most likely to mea n _________ . 3. What do you thi nk the expressi on "…” sta nds for? 4. The un derl ined word "…” means. _____ ..... 解题方法 1. Definition 定义法 2. Con trast 对比法 3. Similarity 相似法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example例举法 6. Word Formation 构词法 7. Con text上下文 8. Com mon Se nse 普通常识 1. Defin iti on 定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。______ a. It will be very hard but very brittle —that is , it will break easily.（） b. The herdsma n , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yua n a year._（） 2. Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比______ 的词有but、while、however、otherwise 等。 a. Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.（） b. She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly 3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。 Clea ning up waterways is an eno rmous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the gover nment may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have bee n polluted.（） 4. Cause Effect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。 One who is destitute has a great n eed for food and cloth ing. b. That museum is so imme nse that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. （） 5. Example 例举法：禾U用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instanee, for example, such as 等。 Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instanee, washing mach in es, refrigerators and color televisi ons.（） 6. Word Formation 构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。 词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可 以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： super-（超）mini-（极小的，微小的） micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复） mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非） non-（不，非）-able （能…的）-less （不，无）-wards （向） Can you guess the right meanin gs? superma n microwave nonn atural mispr onounce homeless non smoker rebuild eastwards Eg. I ' m goitogbuy a microbus.（

高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题附答案

III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes

词义猜测题的解题技巧

龙源期刊网 https://www.docsj.com/doc/f8611551.html, 词义猜测题的解题技巧 作者：杨富章 来源：《高中生学习·高三文综版》2015年第04期 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见题型。通过对近几年湖北卷高考题的阅读理解题的统计，我们会发现2014年词义猜测题在阅读理解部分有1题，2013年考了1道，而2012年湖北卷考了4道。虽然近两年直接考查这种能力的题目不多，但是这种不借助词典，而是通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是同学们在考试时必须具备的，它能让我们更好地理解上下文，其实这也是阅读理解题对这种能力的间接考查。 词义猜测题的常见考点有： 1. 直接猜测某个词的含义； 2. 判断文中的某个代词指代的对象； 3. 对文中的多义词或短语进行精确定义； 4. 对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接或解释性的描述。 常见设问形式有： 1.The word “ABC”in the passage probably means . 2.The underlined word “ABC” in the passage ref ers to/means . 3.Which of the following is closest/nearest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 4.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means . 5.The word “it/them” in the first paragraph refers to . 词义猜测题的解题技巧我们可以归纳为8条： 1.根据近义词关系推测。 作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以使它的意思更清楚。我们可以通过寻找近义词来推测生词的意思：一要看由and或or连接的同义词词组；二要看在进 一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。如：

阅读理解之词义猜测题

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词义猜测题解题技巧

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