部分语言学术语法语对照

分析语Langue isolante

综合语Langue synthétique

?屈折语Langue flexionnelle

?黏着语Langue agglutinante

?多式综合语Langue polysynthétique

变格Déclinaison

变位Conjugaison

时态Temps

现在时Présent

过去时Passé

将来时Futur

体Aspect

完成体Aspect accompli/inaccompli

完整体Aspect perfectif/imperfectif

非完整体

○习惯体

○持续体

?进行体Aspect progressif

?静态体（非进行体）

语气Mode

语言学Linguistique

理论语言学Linguistique théorique

○语音学Phonétique

○音系学/音位学Phonologie

○词法学/形态学/构词学Morphologie

○句法学Syntaxe

○语义学Sémantique

?词汇语义学Sémantique lexicale

?结构语义学Sémantique structurale

?原型语义学/原型理论Théorie du prototype

○语用学Pragmatique

应用语言学Linguistique appliquée

○心理语言学Psycholinguistique

○社会语言学Sociolinguistique

○生成语言学Linguistique générative

○认知语言学Linguistique cognitive

○神经语言学Neurolinguistique

○计算语言学/电脑语言学Linguistique informatique

○共时语言学/静态语言学

?对照语言学Linguistique contrastive

○历时语言学/越时语言学/历时语言学Linguistique historique ?比较语言学Linguistique comparée

○文体学Stylistique

?规范语言学Linguistique normative

?语源学étymologie

○语料库语言学Linguistique de corpus

语言学史Histoire des sciences du langage

语言学家linguiste

语言系属分类Famille de langues

印欧语系Langues indo-européennes

汉藏语系Langues sino-tibétaines

尼日尔-刚果语系Langues nigéro-congolaises

亚非语系/闪含语系Langues chamito-sémitiques

南岛语系Langues austronésiennes

达罗毗荼语系Langues dravidiennes

阿尔泰语系Langues alta?ques

南亚语系Langues austroasiatiques

日本－琉球语系Langues japoniques

壮侗语系/侗台语系Langues ta?-kada?

乌拉尔语系Langues ouraliennes

玛雅语系Langues mayas

重音Accent tonique

音高重音/高低重音Accent de hauteur

音强重音Accent d'intensité

声调语言Langue àtons, ou langue tonale

送气Aspiration

无声除阻Désocclusion inaudible

元音Voyelle

铺音Consonne

搭嘴音Clic

内爆音Consonne injective

挤喉音Consonne éjective

声门音Consonne glottale

○声门塞音Coup de glotte

○浊声门擦音Consonne fricative glottale voisée

○清声门擦音/清声门过渡音/清喉擦音Consonne fricative glottale sourde 颤音Consonne roulée

○舌尖颤音/齿龈颤音/大舌音Consonne roulée alvéolaire voisée

○小舌颤音Consonne roulée uvulaire voisée

○双唇颤音Consonne roulée bilabiale voisée

○会厌颤音Consonne roulée épiglottale voisée

国际音标Alphabet phonétique international

塞擦音Consonne affriquée

鼻音Consonne nasale

塞音/爆破音/闭塞音/塞爆音Consonne occlusive

擦音Consonne fricative

近音/无擦通音Consonne spirante

元音圆唇化Arrondissement

咽化Pharyngalisation

软颚化Vélarisation

颚音化Palatalisation

唇音化Labialisation

气泡音Laryngalisation

呼吸音murmure respiratoire

肺泡音murmure vésiculaire

书写系统Système d'écriture

形意符号Idéogramme

表音文字Phonogramme

音节文字Syllabaire

半音节文字Semi-syllabaire

元音附标文字Alphasyllabaire 主语Sujet

谓语Prédicat

宾语Complément d'objet

补语Complément

定语déterminatif; épithète

状语Complément circonstanciel 词类Nature

名词Nom

动词Verbe

静态动词Verbe d'état

形容词Adjectif

副词Adverbe

冠词Article

代词Pronom

助词/质词/小品词Particule

连词Conjonction

感叹词Interjection

性Genre grammatical

数Nombre grammatical

双数Duel

复数Pluriel

人称Personne

格Cas grammatical

级Degréde comparaison

语态Diathèse

主动语态Voix active

被动语态Voix passive

反被动语态Antipassif

应动语态Applicatif

有生性Animéité

无生性Inaniméité

包含式Nous exclusif et inclusif 配价/论元价位Valence

英语语言学名词

现代语言学 一绪论 1 Linguisitics: 语言学Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language 2 Phonetics: 语音学The study of sounds which are used in linguistics communication is called phonetics. For example, vowels and consonants 元音、辅音、声调、重音以及节奏、音变 3 Phonology: 音韵学The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. For example, phone, phoneme, and allophone. 4 Morphology: 形态学The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology. For example, boy and “ish”---boyish, teach---teacher. 5 Syntax: 句法学The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax. For example, ”John like linguistics.” 6 Semantics: 语义学The study of meaning in language is called semantics. For example: “The seal could not be found. The zoo keeper became worried. The seal could not be found, The king became worried.” Here the word seal means different things. 同义词、反义词，同音词 7 Pragmatics: 语用学The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics. For example, “I do” The word do means different context.在特定情景中的特定话语，研究如何通过语境来理解和使用语言。 8 Sociolinguistics: 社会语言The study of language with reference to society is called sociolinguistics. For example:regional dialects, social variation in language.

英汉语言学词汇对照表

英汉语言学词汇对照表 abbreviation ablative abrupt accent accusative acoustic phonetics acquisition action verb active active chart parser active knowledge active verb actor-action-goal actualization acute address adequacy adjacency pair adjective adjunct adjunction adverb adverbial idiom affective affirmative affix affixation affricate agent agentive-action verb agglutinative agreement AI (artificial intelligence) AI language Algebraic Linguistics algorithm alienable alignment allo- allomorph allophone alpha notation alphabetic writing alternation 缩写[省略语 ] 夺格 (的) 突发音 口音 /{Phonetics} 重音 受格（的） 声学语音学 习得 动作动词 主动语态 活动图句法剖析程序 主动知识 主动动词 施事 (者)-动作 -目标 实现 (化) 锐音 地址 { 信息科学 }/ 称呼（语） { 语言学 } 妥善性 邻对 形容词 附加语[ 附加修饰语 ] 加接 副词 副词词组 影响的 肯定（的；式） 词缀 加缀 塞擦音 施事 施事动作动词 胶着（性） 对谐 人工智能[人工智能 ] 人工智能语言[人工智能语言 ] 代数语言学 算法[算法 ] 可分割的 对照 [多国语言文章词；词组；句子翻译的 ] 同位 - 同位语素 同位音位 alpha 标记 拼音文字 交替

系统功能语言学英汉对照术语表

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Coextension相互扩展Coherence连贯 Cohesion链接 Cohesive chain链接链Cohesive tie链接纽带Cohyponym共同下义词Collocation搭配Collocational chain搭配链Comeronym共同局部关系词Command命令 Comment述题 Competence（语言）能力Complementarity互补性Congruence一致性Conjunction连接，连词Consonant辅音 Consonant grammar协和语法Constructivism构建主义Context语境，上下文Context of culture文化语境Context of situation情境语境Continuity连续体Continuum连续体Conventional meaning常规意义Coocurrence同现Cooperative principle合作原则Coordination并列Coreference相互对应Correspondence对应 Critical linguistics批评语言学Cross-coupling交互匹配 D Decategorization非范畴化Declarative陈述的 Delicacy精密度 Dialect方言 Dialectal variety方言变体Diatypic variety功能变体Didactic教导性的 Direct speech act直接言语行为Discontinuity脱节，间断性Discourse话语 Discourse analysis话语分析

语言学术语

acronym: is made up from the first letters of the name of an organization, which has a heavily modified headword. affix: the collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme (the root or stem). Allophone: any of the different forms of a phoneme(e g. [t h] is an allophone of /t/ in English. When /t/ occurs in words like step, it is unaspirated [t]. Both [t h] and t] are allophones of the phoneme /t/. applied linguistics: applications of linguistics to the study of second and foreign language learning and teaching, and other areas such as translation, the compiling of dictionaries, etc. arbitrariness: one design feature of human language, which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. articulatory phonetics: the study of production of speech sounds. assimilation: the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound, which is more specifically called “contact”or “contiguous” assimilation. assimilation theory: language (sound, word, syntax, etc) change or process by which features of one element change to match those of another that precedes or follows. back-formation: an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. blending: a relatively complex form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial pars of the two words. bound morpheme: an element of meaning which is structurally dependent on the world it is added to, e. g. the plural morpheme in dogˊ s. broad and narrow transcription: the use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription; the use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription; while, the use of more specific symbols to show more phonetic detail is referred to as narrow transcription. category: parts of speech and function, such as the classification of words in terms of parts of speech, the identification of terms of parts of speech, the identification of functions of words in term of subject, predicate, etc. creativity:by creativity we mean language is resourceful because of its duality and its recursiveness. One of the reasons why language is actually a far more complicated entity than traffic lights is that we can use it to create new meanings. concord: also known as agreement, is the requirement that the forms of two or more words in a syntaetic relationship should agree with each other in terms of some categories. coarticulation: a kind of phonetic process in which simultaneous or overlapping articulations are involved. Coarticulation can be further divided into anticipatory coarticulation and perseverative coarticulation. compound: Polymorphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes, such as classroom, blackboard, snowwhite, etc. complementary

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语言学专业词汇

A AcS (actor Subject), ReS (Receptor Subject) and DaS (dative vesubject) P85 Active deposit 活性沉积P393 adaptability制宜原则P39 adjustment 调整P135 AdjMr：Ajective Modifier 定语修饰语P19 Affixing morpheme of fixed position 定位性附加语素P342 Affixation 缀合法P29 All encompassing 无所不包P ix Aphasic 失语症患者P386 ApoP 同位短语式P188 Approximative system 近似体系P58 arbitrariness任意性; selectiveness 选择性P181 Aspect 体（tentative尝试体, inchoative开始体, successive继续体, perfect完成体, progressive 进行体）P114 Autonomy 自主权P53 B backshift后移P370/372 bilingualism 双语学P522 Blending 拼缀法P29 Bottom-up perception自下而上的感知，top-down perception自上而下的感知P493 C Cart Fames1980 对比分析P x circulativeness 周遍性P86 categorization范畴化, grouping 归为类P487 category word 范畴词P418/474/513 cleft sentence 分裂句P230 cognate equivalence同源对应P134/468，词根对应P478 cognitive schema认知图示P386 Cohesion 粘着性P62 Cohesion and coherence接应与连贯P74 Cohesive tie 联结关系接应词，additive 增补连接词，adversative 对比连接词，causal conjunction因果连接词，temporal conjunction 时间连接词P436 Combination (虚词功能)组合P452 Total combination完全结合，formal combination形式结合P464 Common value （语言）共同价值；special value 特征价值P47 Complement 补语P126Composition 合成法P29 Compactness of meaningful morpheme有义语素结合紧密度P299 Compressed predicate 紧缩式谓语P120 Compound （汉语）合成词P443 Conversion 转化法P29 Constant 常数（ie. tertium comparationis中间比较项）；variable变数；tertium 中间项P50

《英语语言学》术语(英汉对照)表

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100个最常用的语言学术语（“欧美语言学”课） 1.语言language 2.语言学linguistics 3.语言学家linguist；philologist 4.语法grammar 5.语法单位grammatical unit 6.语法形式grammatical form 7.语法意义grammatical meaning 8.语法手段grammatical device 9.语法范畴grammatical category 10.元音vowel 11.辅音consonant 12.语文学philology 13.传统语法traditional grammar 14.历史比较语言学historical comparative linguistics 15.转换生成语法transformational generative grammar 16.结构主义语言学structural linguistics 17.应用语言学applied linguistic 18.方言dialect 19.语言教学language teaching 20.语言规划language planning 21.语言政策language policy 22.语言学习策略language learning strategy 23.发现程序discovery procedure 24.语境context；language environment 25.中介语interlanguage 26.音位phoneme 27.音节syllable 28.语素morpheme 29.词法morphology 30.句法syntax 31.交际法communicative approach 32.认知cognition 33.习得acquisition 34.第二语言second language 35.第二语言习得second language acquisition （SLA） 36.自由语素free morpheme 37.黏着语素bound morpheme 38.复合词compound word 39.普遍语法universal grammar，UG 40.词类part of speech

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A List of Commonly-used Linguistic Terminology 语言学常用术语表 Part I General Terms 通用术语Acquisition 习得 Agglutinative language 粘着语Anthropology 人类学 Applied linguistics 应用语言学Arbitrariness 任意性 Artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能Behaviorism 行为主义 Behaviorist psychology 行为主义心理学Bilingualism 双语现象 Cognition 认知 Cognitive linguistics 认知语言学Cognitive science 认知科学Comparative linguistics 比较语言学Computational linguistics 计算语言学Corpus-linguistics 语料库语言学 Creole 克里奥耳语；混合语 Culture 文化 Descriptive linguistics 描写语言学Design features 识别特征Developmental psycholinguistics 发展心理语言学Diachronic/historical linguistics历时语言学 Dialect 方言 Dialectology 方言学 Displacement 不受时空限制的特性Dualism 二元论 Duality 二重性 Epistemology认识论 Etymology 辞源学 Experimental psycholinguistics 实验心理语言学 Formalization 形式化 Formal linguistics 形式语言学 Forensic linguistics 法律语言学Functionalism 功能主义 General linguistics 普通语言学Grammaticality 符合语法性Ideography 表意法 Inflectional language 屈折语 Inter-disciplinary 交叉性学科的Isolating language 孤立语 Langu ag e 语言 Macro-sociolinguistics 宏观社会语言学Mentalism 心智主义

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Define the following terms: 1. Linguistics: Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 2. Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. 3. Syntax: The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax. . 4. Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics. 5. Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to the workings of mind is called psycholinguistics. 6. Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 7. Phonetics: The study of sounds which are used in linguistic communication is called phonetics. 8. Morphology: The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology. 9. Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called semantics. 10. Sociolinguistics: The study of language with reference to society is called sociolinguistics. 11. Applied linguistics: In a narrow sense, applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and second languages. In a broad sense, it refers to the application of linguistic findings to the solution of practical problems such as the recovery of speech ability. 12. Arbitrariness: It is one of the design features of language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds 13. Productivity: Language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. 14. Displacement: Displacement means that language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places. In other words, language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker 15. Duality: The duality nature of language means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings. 16. Design features: Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication 17. Competence: Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language, 18. Performance: performance is the actual realization of the knowledge of the rules in linguistic communication. 19. Langue : Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community; Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to follow; Langue is relatively stable, it does not change frequently 20. Parole: Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use; parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules; parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situation.45. phonology: Phonology studies the system of sounds of a particular language; it aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication. 21. phoneme: The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme; it is a unit of distinctive value. But

胡壮麟语言学术语表

第一章语言学导论 phonology音系学grammar语法学morphology形态学syntax句法学lexicology词汇学general linguistics普通语言学theoretical linguistics 理论语言学historical linguistics历史语言学descriptive linguistics描写语言学empirical linguistics经验语言学dialectology方言学anthropology人类学stylistics文体学signifier能指signified所指morphs形素morphotactics语素结构学/形态配列学syntactic categories 句法范畴syntactic classes句法类别序列sub-structure低层结构super-structure上层结构open syllable开音节closed syllable闭音节checked syllable成阻音节rank 等级level层次ding-dong theory/nativistic theory本能论sing-song theory唱歌说yo-he-ho theory 劳动喊声说pooh-pooh theory感叹说ta-ta theory模仿说animal cry theory/bow-wow theory模声说Prague school布拉格学派Bilateral opposition双边对立Mutilateral opposition多边对立Proportional opposition部分对立Isolated opposition孤立对立Private opposition表缺对立Graded opposition渐次对立Equipollent opposition均等对立Neutralizable opposition可中立对立Constant opposition恒定对立Systemic-functional grammar系统功能语法Meaning potential意义潜势Conversational implicature会话含义Deictics指示词Presupposition预设Speech acts言语行为Discourse analysis话语分析Contetualism语境论Phatic communion寒暄交谈Metalanguage原语言Applied linguistics 应用语言学Nominalism唯名学派Psychosomatics身学 第二章语音 trachea/windpipe气管tip舌尖blade舌叶/舌面front舌前部center舌中部top舌顶back舌后部dorsum舌背root舌跟pharynx喉/咽腔laryngeals喉音laryngealization喉化音vocal cords声带vocal tract声腔initiator启动部分pulmonic airstream mechanism肺气流机制glottalic airstream mechanism喉气流机制velaric airstream mechanism腭气流机制Adam’s apple喉结Voiceless sound清音Voiceless consonant请辅音Voiced sound浊音Voiced consonant浊辅音Glottal stop喉塞音Breath state呼吸状态Voice state带音状态Whisper state耳语状态Closed state 封闭状态Alveolar ride齿龈隆骨Dorsum舌背Ejective呼气音Glottalised stop喉塞音Impossive内爆破音Click/ingressive吸气音Segmental phonology音段音系学Segmental phonemes音段音位

语言学常用术语英汉对照表

语言学常用术语英汉对照表Chapter 1 Introduction to Linguistics语言学简介 1. anthropological linguistics 人类语言学 2. applied linguistics 应用语言学 3. arbitrariness任意性 4. competence 语言能力 5. computational linguistics 计算机语言学 6. cultural transmission 文化传递性 7. descriptive (grammar) 描写（语法） 8. descriptive function 描写功能 9. design features识别特征 10. diachronic linguistics 历时语言学 11. duality二重性 12. displacement不受时空限制的特征 13. emotive function 表情功能 14. expressive function表达功能 15. general linguisitcs 普通语言学 16. ideational function概念功能 17. interpersonal function人际功能 18. langue语言 19. linguistics [li?'gwistiks] 语言学 20. morphology 形态学 21. mathematical linguistics 数理语言学 22. metalinguistic function 23. neurological linguistics 神经语言学 24. phonetics 语音学 25. phonology 音系学 26. pragmatics 语用学 27. prescriptive (grammar)规定（语法） 28. psycholinguistics 心理语言学 29. parole 言语 30. performance语言运用 31. productivity能产性 32. poetic function诗学功能 33. phatic communion 交感性谈话 34. referential function所指功能 35. semantics 语义学 36. social function社会功能 37. socio-linguistics 社会语言学 38. synchronic linguistics共时语言学 39. syntax句法学

语言学术语对照表

?absolute universals 绝对共性[廖328] ?absolute case 通格[廖204] ?abstract construct 抽象结构[廖235] ?accessibility hierachy 辨认度[廖27] ?acceptability 可接受性[廖373] ?accommodation 让步，适应[陶] ?accompaniment adverb 交与副词[吕239] ?accomplishment 结束[陈147 159] ?accusative 受事格[廖346] ?accusative object 受事宾语[吕240] ?achievement 成就[陈147] ?act 行为[廖236] ?act sequence 信息内容与形式[陶] ?actional predicate 动作谓语[吕240] ?activated 被激发的[廖396 402] ?active 主动格[陈108] ?activity 活动[陈147 157] ?actual 实际[廖375] ?adequacy 切应性[陈51] ?adjacency 邻接关系[吕240] ?adjacency pairs 语对[陶] ?adjective 形容词[吕240] ?adjunct string 附加语符列[陈45] ?adjuncts 修饰语[廖27] ?adjusment model 调整模式[陈41] ?adposition 介词[吕240] ?advanced 高等[陶] ?adverb 副词[吕240] ?adverb-fronting 副词前移[吕240] ?adverb-lowering 副词下降[吕240] ?affective 表情(作用)[陈9] ?affix 词缀[吕240] ?Afrikanns 阿富堪斯[陶] ?age grading 年龄级差[陶] ?agent 施事[吕240] ?agglutinating 粘着型[廖331]