[作文范文]《论语.里仁篇》第七章

《论语.里仁篇》第七章

第七章子曰：“人之过也，各于其党。观过，斯知仁矣。”

此章有“观过知仁”的意思。而这句话表面看来有歧义，但是其儒家的生命价值是肯定的，也是不变的。一种可能的解释就是：“仁”训为“人”；“党”为“类”。这句话的意思就是：人的过错分别归于不同的类别，所以，通过观察一个人的过错就可以了解一个人仁还是不仁了。再有一种的解释就是：人指君子。“过”指过错。结合“苟志于仁矣，无恶也”来理解，“人之过也”的人就是君子。君子可能犯过错，各有所不同，观察君子的过错，才能知道其为仁如何。此解较为妥当。以下几种解释可资参考：

孔安国曰：“小人不能为君子之行，非小人之过，当恕而勿责之。观过，使贤愚各当其所，则为仁矣。”（《论语注疏》）

二程子曰：“人之过也，各于其类。君子常失于厚，小人常失于薄；君子过于爱，小人过于忍。”

尹焞曰：“于此观之，则人之仁不仁可知矣。”

后汉吴佑谓：“掾以亲故：受污辱之名，所谓观过知仁”是也。

朱熹按：“此亦但言人虽有过，犹可即此而知其厚薄，非谓必俟其有过，而后贤否可知也。”（《论语集解》）

现在看来，仁与不仁是区别君子和小人的标准，然而，时过境迁，物似人非。人们的道德和法律也在不断变化，仁与不仁也不断呈现新的意义，君子小人也在以不同面貌显现。所以，因恪尽职守，理解偏差造成的失误，是君子之过；而故意知法犯法，穿凿附会，钻法律的空子则是小人之恶了。因此，我们不仅要观过知仁，还要观恶知非啊！

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