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2016年自学考试英语二教材课文讲义unit1

Unit 1 The Power of Language

I. New words and expressions New words

1. critical adj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的

2. non-fiction n. 纪实文学

3. position n. 观点；态度；立场

4. statement n. 说明；说法；表态

5.question v. 表示疑问；怀疑

out of question / out of the question

6. evaluate v. 估计；评价；评估

7. context n. 事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉

8.value n. values [pl.]是非标准；价值观

valuable

invaluable=priceless

valueless

9. represent v. 描述；表现

representative adj./n.

10. assertion n. 明确肯定；断言

11. sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的

sufficiency

insufficient

12. statistic n. statistics [pl.]统计数字；统计资料

13. integrate v.（使）合并，成为一体

14. authority n.专家；学术权威；泰斗

an/the authority on sth.

authorize

15. compare v. 比较；对比

compare A with B

compare A to B

16. subject n. 主题；题目；题材

17. consistent adj. 相符的；符合的

18. inconsistency n. 不一致

19. assumption n. 假定；假设

20. case n. 具体情况；事例

in case

in case of fire

in case that…

a case in point

confirmed/suspected cases

21. directly adv. 直接地；径直地

22. identify v. 找到；发现

23. valid adj. 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的

validity n. 有效性，正确（性）

invalid

24. credible adj. 可信的；可靠的

incredible=unbelievable

25. landmark n.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑

26. relevant adj. 紧密相关的；切题的

relevancy n. 关联；恰当

irrelevant

27. current adj. 现时发生的；当前的

28. appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的

inappropriate

It's (not) appropriate that ….

29. bias n. 偏见；偏心；偏向

30. considerably adv. 非常；很；相当多地

consider

considering

considerable

considerate

consideration

31. Democrat n. （美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民

32. Republican n. （美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者

33. reflect v. 显示；表明；表达

34. informed adj. 有学问的；有见识的

well-informed

ill-informed

Phrases and Expressions

1. apply to 使用；应用

2. put forth 提出；产生

3. take …into account 考虑到；顾及

4. accept/take …at face value 相信表面；信以为真

5. with a grain of salt 有保留地；持怀疑态度地

II. Text Learning

Critical Reading

① (1)Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just（不只是，不仅仅是）understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.（启下句）

本部分重点及难点：

1. Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement.

apply to sb./sth.= be applicable to sb./sth.

apply的派生词：application, applicant, applicable

②Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. (2)Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. (3)In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.

本部分重点及难点：

2. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours.

some time

注意区分：sometime / sometimes / some times

3. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author. 不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。

those是代词，代替前面的复数名词values and attitudes。代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用that。例如：

The students in your class are more hard-working than those in his class.

The values of the young people differ from those of their elders.

Your voice is more beautiful that that of your classmates.

The price of that book is higher than that of this one.

请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！

【单选题】1. The necklace her sister is wearing is much more beautiful than ______ worn by Mary.

?A．this

?B．that

?C．these

?D．those

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查指代词those/that的用法。英语句子中为了避免重复常使用代词代替前面出现过的名词。代替前面的复数名词用those；代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用that。本句中空格处要填的词代替代替单数可数名词necklace，故选A。此处that也可以换成the one。

【知识点】指代词those/that的用法

③Question assertions made by the author. Don't accept what is written at face value.

Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support.（承上句）Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities.

④Compare what is written with other written work on the subject. (4)Look to see that

what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies.

（承上句）

本部分重点及难点：

4. Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the

subject.

be consistent with 与……一致

consist vi. 组成（of）；在于（in）；符合（with）

The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.

This doesn't consist with what you told me earlier. 这和你先前告诉我的不符合。

consist的派生词：consistent, inconsistent, consistency, inconsistency

请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！

【单选题】2. To tell you the truth, I really hope that your actions will consist ______ your words this time.

?A．of

?B．in

?C．at

?D．with

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查consist的用法。consist of意为"由……组成"；consist in意为"在于"；consist with意为"与……一致"，故选D。consist at不存在。该句的意思是"说实话，我真希望这次你的言行能一致"。

【知识点】consist的用法

⑤Analyze assumptions made by the author. (5)Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, the author's assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions.（承上启下句）Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.

⑥Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry.（承上句） Finally if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current（启下句）. For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.

⑦Identify any possible author bias. (6)A written discussion of American politics

will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican. (7)What is written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written with "a grain of salt."

⑧ By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.

本部分重点及难点：

5. Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions. whatever引导的是表语从句，不能换成no matter what。名词性从句（主语，宾语，表语，同位语从句）中，"疑问词ever"不能换成"no matter+疑问词"，状语从句中可以换用。例如：

Whoever comes to our party is welcome. （不能换成no matter who…）

He will lend a helping hand to whoever needs his help. (不能换)

He will buy whatever his son wants. （不能换）

Whatever you do, I will support you. (能换成no matter what…)

6. A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican.

likely 在该句中是副词

likely adj. / adv.

be likely to do sth.

It's likely that…

a likely result

Profit will most likely have risen by about ?2 million. 利润极可能增加200万英镑左右。（副词）

likely的派生词：unlikely, likelihood。例如：

The likelihood of infection is minimal. 感染的可能性极小。

7. What is written may very well reflect a biased position.

a biased position

be biased to/toward(s)/against

反义词：unbiased

III. 部分练习讲解

P111 Bridging the Gap

Directions: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given.

解题方法：把词分类

动词名词形容词副词

define action powerful internally

express tears personal

shape shape good

respond to

Language is one of the things that sets us apart as beings, one of the things that essentially 1 defines us as humans. When language is used well it can elicit very deep feeling in others, motivate others to 2 action and define the nature of our relationships. Sometimes in poetry the juxtaposition（并列）of two words or a certain phrase can bring 3tears to the eyes, call up a whole host of imagery and move us deeply. We have seen language recently used in the politics of persuasion, used for 4 good or ill - depending on your viewpoint. When we use language to 5 express our true feelings to someone it can open and deepen the connection between us. Language is a very 6 powerful tool. How we use language shapes our world both 7 internally and externally. How you use self-talk - what you say to yourself about yourself and about the world directly 8 shape s（塑造，使成形） your experience of both yourself and the world. How you deliver communication shapes the way the world 9 responds to you. We can use language more effectively in both spheres: internal and external and directly influence the health and power of our 10 personal relationships and our business relationships.

I. New words and expressions New words

1. confidence n.自信心；把握

2016年考研英语一真题及答案

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Unit 1课文翻译及课后翻译练习参考答案

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