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新概念英语第二册:第52课课文详解及语法解析

新概念英语第二册:第52课课文详解及语法解析
新概念英语第二册:第52课课文详解及语法解析

新概念英语第二册:第52课课文详解及语法解析

课文详注 Further notes on the text

1.I have been trying to get my new room in order.我试图把我的新房间收拾整齐。

(1)与课文开头那句话的后半部分一样,这个句子也用了现在完成进行时。(cf.本课语法)

(2)get…in order表in“把……整理好”,in order的含义之一为“整齐”、“井然有序”:

Get/Put everything in order before you leave the room.

离开房间前把所有的东西都整理好。

2.To make matters worse, the room is rather small…更糟糕的是房间还非常小……

to make matters worse是个插入语,与主句之间要用逗号隔开。

matters(复数形式)可以表示“事态”、“情况”。这个短语是个惯用语:

I lost my way in the forest, and to make matters worse, it became dark.

我在森林里迷了路。更糟糕的是,天开始黑了。

3.At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room.这会儿,书把地板的每一点空隙都占据了,我实际上是踩着这些书进出房间的。

(1)at the moment表示“此刻”、“目前”:

At the moment, I'm busy preparing for the exams.

目前我正忙着准备考试。

(2)to get…为表示目的的不定式短语,相当于一个从句。

4.You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!空闲时你可以坐在这儿读地毯!

spare可以表示“空闲的”、“多余的”:

I like to read in my spare time.

我空闲时喜欢读书。

Have you got a spare moment?

你(现在)有空吗?

语法 Grammar in use

1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时

在第4课、第28课的语法中,我们学习了现在完成时的用法以及经常与它连用的时间副词(或短语)、介词等。现在完成进行时由have

been+现在分词构成,强调动作在某一段时间内一直在进行,而且动作现在有结果。到现在为止,该动作可能已不再继续进行,也可能还在继续进行,这要根据上下文来确定。句子中常含有all+表示时间的词语如all day, all

morning等或for和since。一般说来,现在完成表示已完成的动作,现在完成进行时则可表示尚未完成的动作。有些动词,如learn, lie, live, rain, sit, sleep, stand, study, wait, work

等本身就有持续性,现在完成时形式与现在完成进行时形式可以互换,惟一的区别是后者更强调动作的持续性:

I've been working for this firm for 15 years.

我已在这家公司一直工作了15年。

I've worked for this firm for 15 years.

我已在这家公司工作了15年。

试体会现在完成进行时的用法以及它与现在完成时的区别:

Have you studied that book already?

你已经学完那本书了?(动作结束了)

Well,I've been studying it all term.

唔,我整个学期都在学它。(强调持续性)

2.形容词、相应的副词及其用法

(1)许多副词,特别是表示方式的副词,皆由形容词加-ly构成,如easy(容易

的)/easily(容易地),beautiful(漂亮的)/beautifully(漂亮地)。一些频度副词也如此构成,如usual(通常的)/usually(通常)。还有少数几个表示程度及观点的副词也都以-ly结尾:

high(高的)/highly(高度地),real(真的)/really(真正的)。这些副词与它相应的形容词的意义

区别不大,比较容易掌握:

She is very happy now.

她现在很快乐。

She lives happily with her mother.

她和母亲一起快乐地生活。

(2)有些副词虽然由形容词加-ly构成,但在意义上与其相应的形容词并不相同,如

hard(勤奋的,困难的)/hardly(几乎不),cold(冷的)/coldly(冷淡的),late(迟到的,晚

的)/lately(最近,近来),near(近的,接近的)/nearly(几乎,差不多,差点儿)。有些副词有

两种形式。有的意义相同,如cheap(廉价地)/cheaply(廉价地),但有的意义不同如late(迟,晚)/lately(近来),hard(努力地,猛烈地)/hardly(几乎不)。有些副词在形式上与形容词相同,如fast(快),past(过去),far(远)等。

(3)大多数方式副词的位置一般在宾语或动词后面:

Look at this photo carefully.

仔细看这张照片。(宾语后面)

It snowed heavily last night.

昨天夜里雪下得很大。(动词后面)

Why don't you try to work hard?

你为什么不努力工作呢?(动词后面)

表示时间的副词常位于句尾,有时也可位于句首:

This morning I got up very early/ late.

今天早上我起得很早/晚。(句首或句尾)

程度副词,如almost, enough, hardly, nearly, quite, rather, too等,大部分用在它们所修饰的词之前:

The film was quite good.

这个电影相当不错。(修饰形容词)

I nearly cried out with surprise.

我惊讶得几乎叫了起来。(修饰动词)

副词的位置比较复杂,大部分要看具体情况。

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