河南专升本公共英语第二讲形容词副词

河南专升本英语词汇分类详讲

第二讲：形容词和副词

一、形容词及其用法

形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。

1、直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot。

2、叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。

（错）He is an ill man.

（对）The man is ill.

（错）She is an afraid girl.

（对）The girl is afraid.

这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。

3、形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing 为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后。例如：something nice.更多敬请关注：河南专升本辅导网

二、以-ly结尾的形容词

1、大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。

改错：（错）She sang lovely.

（错）He spoke to me very friendly.

（对）Her singing was lovely.

（对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way.

2、有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。例如：

The Times is a weekly paper. 《时代周刊》为周刊。

The Times is published weekly. 《时代周刊》每周发行一期。

三、用形容词表示类别和整体

1、某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，

如the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry等。

例如：The poor are losing hope. 穷人行将失去希望。

2、有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用，如the British，the English，the French，the Chinese等。

例如：The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英国人颇有幽默感。

四、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词--数词--描绘词--（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）--出处--材料性质--类别--名词。例如：

a small round table/ a tall gray building/ a dirty old brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese sports car

典型例题:

1. Tony is going camping with ___ boys.

A.little two other

B. two little other

C.two other little

D.little other two

答案：C。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）--性质--名词"的顺序可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。

2. One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone

B. Chinese old stone

C. old stone Chinese

D. Chinese stone old

答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。

3. ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny

C. last sunny few

D. few sunny last

答案：B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形

容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照：限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词，如those + three + beautiful + large + square +old + brown + wood + table。更多敬请关注：河南专升本辅导网

五、副词及其基本用法

副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。

1、副词的位置

（1）在动词之前。

（2）在be动词、助动词之后。

（3）多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。

注意：

a.大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如：

We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。

b.方式副词well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。例如：

He speaks English well. 他英语说得好。

2、副词的排列顺序：

（1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。

（2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。例如：Please write slowly and carefully. 请写得慢一些，仔细一些

（3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。

注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。

改错：（错）I very like English.

（对）I like English very much.

注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。如：

I don't know him well enough. 他我不熟悉。

There is enough food for everyone to eat.有足够的食物供每个人吃。

There is food enough for everyone to eat.

六、兼有两种形式的副词

1、close与closely

close意思是"近"；closely 意思是"仔细地"。例如：

He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我边上。

Watch him closely. 盯着他。

2、late 与lately

late意思是"晚"；lately 意思是"最近"。例如：

You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。

What have you been doing lately? 近来好吗？

3、deep与deeply

deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"。例如：

He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插进泥里。

Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被电影深深打动了。

4、high与highly

high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。例如：

The plane was flying high. 这架飞机飞得很高。

I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。

5、wide与widely

wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"。例如：

He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。

English is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。

6、free与freely

free的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地"。例如：

You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.无论什么时候，我这饭铺免费对你开放。

You may speak freely; say what you like.你可以畅所欲言，想说什么就说什么。

七、形容词与副词的比较级

大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。更多敬请关注：河南专升本辅导网

1、规则变化

单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est

来构成比较级和最高级。

构成法原级比较级最高级

一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est tall taller tallest

以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st nice nicer nicest

以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-est big bigger biggest

"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est busy busier busiest 少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est clever/narrow cleverer/ narrower cleverest/ narrowest

其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级important/ easily more important/ more easily most important/ most easily

2、不规则变化

原级比较级最高级

good better best

old older/elder oldest/eldest

much/many more most

little less least

far farther/further farthest/furthest

八、as + 形容词或副词原级+ as

1、在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。例如：

He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。

2、当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as

+many/much +名词。例如：

This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。

I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。

3、用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如：

This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。

Your room is the same size as mine.你的房间和我的一样大。

4、倍数+ as + adj. + as<=> 倍数+ the … + of。例如：

This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。

This bridge is three times the length of that one.

Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。

Your room is twice the size of mine.

九、比较级形容词或副词+ than 。

例如：You are taller than I. 你比我高。

They lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.你房间的那些灯比我房间里的亮。

注意：

1、要避免重复使用比较级。

（错）He is more cleverer than his brother.

（对）He is more clever than his brother.

（对）He is clever than his brother.

2、要避免将主语含在比较对象中。

（错）China is larger than any country in Asia.

（对）China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

3、要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。

The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

4、要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用。

比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?

Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

She is taller than her two sisters.

She is the taller of the two sisters.

十、可修饰比较级的词

1、a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等。

2、还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。

3、以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。

典型例题：

（1）---- Are you feeling ____?

---- Yes，I'm fine now.

A.any well

B. any better

C. quite good

D. quite better

答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.

（2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.

A.more

B.much more

C.much

D.more much

答案：C.much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。

（3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.

A. the happiest time

B. a more happier time

C. much happiest time

D. a much happier time 答案：D。

十一、点击考点（习题）

1.I don’t trust him at all. His smiles always make me ______.

A. feeling sick

B. be sick

C. being sick

D. sick

2.Her face is ______ to me, but I can’t remember where I saw her.

A. similar

B. friendly

C. alike

D. familiar

3.He’s ______ to know the answer.

A. likely

B. probable

C. maybe

D. probably

4.He was in poverty at the time. ______ he wouldn’t have accepted the money.

A. However

B. Therefore

C. Otherwise

D. Then

5.Spanish people usually speak ______ than English people.

A. quicklier

B. more quicklier

C. more quickly

D. quicker

6.Of the two new teachers. Who do you like ______?

A. much

B. better

C. well

D. the most

7.——I think that red dress would suit me, wouldn’t it?

——Yes, but I think blue is a ______ color for you.

A. well

B. good

C. better

D. best

8.This room ______ in the building.

A. is biggest than any other one

B. is bigger than any other one

C. is more bigger than any other one

D. is bigger than any one

9.Her English is very good. She can speak English better than ______ in her grade.

A. any one

B. the one

C. any one else

D. other student

10.Of the colors, blue, red and orange, which do you like ______?

A. best

B. better

C. well

D. much

11.Mary runs ______ among them.

A. the fastest

B. the most fast

C. most fastly

D. most fast

12.Of all the things we eat and drink, water is the ______ important.

A. least

B. more

C. most

D. much

13.北京是中国最美丽的城市之一。[Beijing is one of the most beautiful cities in China.]

14.The Yellow River is the second ______ river in China.

A. long

B. longer

C. longest

D. most long

15.Traveling in England, it will be ______ cheaper if you buy a return ticket on the train.

A. more

B. very

C. quite

D. even

16.If you drink too much, your health will get even ______.

A. bad

B. poor

C. worse

D. not well

17.Jill is ______（比她父亲高5公分）. [5cm taller than her father/taller than her father by 5cm.]

18.No sooner ______ his speech than a young woman stood up to ask a question.

A. the chairman finished

B. did the chairman finish

C. the chairman had finished

D. had the chairman finished

19.No sooner ______ the question than the answer came to him.

A. had he asked

B. he had asked

C. did he ask

D. he asked

20.T he student doesn’t work ______ he used to.

A.so hard as

B. so harder than

C. as harder as

D. as hard like

21.I pulled the handle ______ I could.

A. so hardly as

B. as hardly as

C. so hard as

D. as hard as

22.他几乎跟他父亲一般高。[He is almost as tall as his father.]

23.The production of 1995______（是1990年的10倍）[is ten times as much as that of 1990.]

24.The new model costs twice ______ last year’s.

A. more than

B. as much as

C. as many as

D. than

25.It is believed that ______（脑子越用）the more work it is able to do. [the more your brain is used]

26.The more he tried to please her, ______ she seemed to appreciate it.

A. less

B. lesser

C. the less

D. the lesser

1.D

2.D

3.A

4.C

5.C

6.B

7.C

8.B

9.C 10A 11.A 12.C 14.C 15.D 16.C 18.D 1 9.A

20.A 21.D 24.B 26.C

(完整word版)最全初中英语语法之-形容词副词教案(已打印两份)

形容词 一.定义： 用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。 二. 注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如： Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep. The old man is alone. 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。 例如： You'd better tell us something interesting. The police found nothing strange in the room. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词2）数词3）性质4）大小5）形状6）表示老少，新旧7）颜色8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。 例如：His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。 The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。 形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。 例如：The young should take good care of the old.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。 The rich never help the poor in this country.在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。 形容词短语做定语时要后置。 如：They are the students easy to teach.他们是很容易较的学生。 We live in a house much larger than yours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。 else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。 如：Did you see anybody else?你看到别的人了吗？

初中英语语法之形容词、副词

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初一英语语法之形容词副词

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