专升本英语语法知识归纳
一时态和语态：16种表现形式
一、一般现在时（do/does; am/is/are)
考点如下：
1. 时间状语：
2. 表示客观事实，永恒真理和规律。
必考点1：3.（主将从现）在时间和条件状语从句中，从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
考法：If you pass the spoken English test, you will get a chance to go abroad.
解析：考试一般都会给出时间/条件连词，且从句中的时态，让考生们选择主句中的时态。
注意1：如果从句中的时态是do/does, 那么主句中是will do/ shall do/ be going to do/ be about to do/be to do. (be 动词为am/is/are; 这里will do 出现的考点频率最高）注意2：如果从句中的时态是did, 那么主句中是would do/ shouldl do/ be going to do/ be about to do/be to do. (be 动词为was/were; 这里would/should do 出现的考点频率最高）
2. He _______as soon as he finishes his homework.
A. goes to bed
B. will goes to bed
C. went to bed
D. will go to bed
主将从现例题：用所给词的适当形式填空：
1. If he _______ (study) harder, he will catch up with us soon.
2. Frank _______ (see) a film if he’s free next Saturday.
3. We won’t go to the park if it ________ (rain)tomorrow.
注意3：主句中暗含一般将来时，从句中仍然用一般现在时（do/does) ：
1. the new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she ______
a. will arrive
b. arrives
c. is arriving
d. is going to arrive
2. ---can I join your club, Dad?
---you can when you _____ a bit older.
a. get
b. will get
c. are getting
d. will have get
3. remember to send me a photo of your son next time you _____ to me.
a. write
b. will write
c. are writing
d. would write
4. If Mr. Smith ________ back, please let me know.
A. will come
B. comes
C. came
D. had come
必考点2：4. the more..., the more...句型
完整句型：The +形容词/副词的比较级+（名词）+主语+谓语，the +形容词/副词的比较级+（名词）+主语+谓语.
Eg: The more books he reads, the happier he is.
12年真题：18题
____she said, _____she got.
A. The more the more excited
B. More excited
C. Much the more excited
D. The much excited
翻译练习题：
1. 他越忙就越高兴。
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
2. 你越用功,进步就越大。
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
二、一般过去时（did; was/were）考点如下：
1. 时间状语：last week/year/month; yesterday; in 2003; before ago
2. 必考点：关于use 的短语方法：根据主语定
sb. used to do "过去常常"（肯定表否定）
sb. be/get/become used to doing sth.
“某人习惯于做某事”
sth. be used to do sth.
sth. be uesd for doing sth.
sth. used to be done "某物被用来做。。。"
三、一般将来时（will do）考点如下：
1. 表现形式：will do /be going to do/be to do /be about to do...when...
2. 必考点：表位移的方向性瞬间动词用一般现在时或者是现在进行时表将来（一般用于列车时刻表的出发或者是离开）
必考点：leave ; come; go; start; arrive；begin;take off
11年真题19题
His train _______at 9:00 tomorrow morning. I will see
him off.
A. leaves
B. is left
C. will have left
D. will be left
四、现在进行时（am/is/are doing)
1. 常与now 连用，表示现在正在做某事
2. 常与always, constantly, continually 连用，表达一种感情色彩
3. 必考点：表方向性的位移瞬间动词用现在进行时表将来
leave; come; go; start; arrive; move
五、现在完成时（have/has done）考点如下：
1. 必考点：提示词
(1). since + 过去时间点/句子（did），主句（have/has done) e.g. since 1995
(2). for + 一段时间 e.g. for 5 years
(3). lately、recently、so far=up to now=by now=till now、just、already、these days
(4). in/over/during/for+ the past/last +few/具体数字+years/days/months
1. we _______ the Journey to the West since we were young.
a. saw
b. have see
c. have seen
d. have been seen
2. hurry up! the film ______ for ten minutes.
a. had begun
b.has begun
c. began
d. begins
用所给词的适当形式填空：
1. I_______ already _______(see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
2. ______ he _________(finish) his work today ?
Not yet .
3. _____ you ___________(be) to Hong Kong ?
Yes, I ______________(be) there twice .
4. He _______ just __________ (finish) his homework.
六：过去完成时(had done)与将来完成时(will have done)
必考点总结：
(1).过去完成时：by /by the end of + 过去时间（by last week/month/year）
将来完成时：by /by the end of+将来时间（by next/this week/month/year)
Eg: we had finished all the courses by the end of last term.
We will have finished all the courses by the end of next term.
(2).过去完成时：by the time/when +(did), 主句（had done）
将来完成时：by the time/when +(do/does),主句（will have done)
Eg: when he came we had eaten all the food.
when he comes we will have eaten all the food.
七：固定句型（必考点）4个
1.It/This/That + is +the +序数词/形容词的最高级+(n.)+ that+ 句子（have/has done）
2.It/This/That + was +the +序数词/形容词的最高级+(n.)+ that+ 句子（had done）
3. hardly/scarcely…when; no sooner…than
4.hope/expect/plan/promise/be sure/assure+ that +(一般将来时：will/shall do )
5.hoped/expected/planed/promised/be sured/assured…+that+(过去将来时：would/should do)
6.had+hoped/expected/thought/intended/meant/supposed/wanted 本希望/本期盼/本想/….（虚拟语气）+句子（did）
过去完成时：例题赏析：
1. when we arrived at the cinema, the tickets______ .
a. sold out
b. sells out
c. had been sold out
d. had sold out
2. When I reached home, my parents __________their supper.
A.are having
B.have already had
C.have had
D. had already had
(3)We _________the work by six yesterday evening.
A. finished
B.would finish
C. had finished
D. had been finished
(4)Did you see Xiao Li at the party? No, ______by the time I arrived.
A.she had left
B.she's left
C. She was left
D.she must leave
12年21题
1. Hardly had he finished his speech______the audience started cheering.
a. when
b. than
c. and
d. as
10年22题
Hardly______when a loud explosion was heard.
a. the train had started
b. had the train started
c.the train strated
d. did the train start
将来完成时：例题演练：
1. By the end of this year ,I ____enough money for a holiday.
A .will have saved
B .will be saving
C .will saved D. have saved
2. “Are you going to Richard”s birthday party?"
Yes.By then I ______my homework..”
A.had finished B .will have finished
C .would have finished
D. finished
3. I hope that they ____the road by the time we come back.
A.will have repaired
B. would have repaired
C.have repaired
D. had repaired
4. By the time you arrive in London, we _______ in Europe for two weeks.
A. shall stay
B. will have stayed
C . have stayed D. have been staying
5. The conference _____ a full week by the time it ends.
A. must have lasted
B. will have lasted
C. would last
D. has lasted
6. All the machines _____by the end of the following week.
A. were repaired
B. will be repaired
C. have been repaired D will have been repaired
09年23题
Professor Liu ________here for over thirty years when he retires.
a. will teach
b. will have been taught
c. will be teaching
d. will have taught
10年19题
By the time you arrive in London, the Smiths______ in Europe for three weeks.
a. have stayed
b. have been staying
c. shall stay
d. will have stayed
12年19题
They _____ from the university by the end of this month.
a. are graduating
b. would graduate
c. have graduated
d. will have graduated
将来完成时&将来完成进行时：
1. I _________ here in this factory for twenty years by the end of this year.
a. shall have been working
b. shall worked
c. worked
d. am working
2.we ________ for ten hours when they come back.
a. will work
b. will have worked
c. will have been working
d. Work
注意：当现在完成时和现在完成时同时出现在选项中，优选现在完成进行时（have/has been doing)
1. I _________ here in this factory for twenty years by the end of this year.
a. shall have been working
b. shall worked
c. worked
d. am working
2.we ________ for ten hours when they come back.
a. will work
b. will have worked
c. will have been working
d. work
语态真题：
20. Your computer needs ________.
a. repair
b. repairing
c. to repair
d. being repaired
注意：同样考点的词：need/want/worth/require/request/deserve+doing sth.
表示被动语态
二定语从句：
句子成分：主谓是基础，宾表可有可无，定状补是辅助.
句子分类：简单句，并列句，复合句
简单句：
1.主语+不及物动词主谓：He moved.
2.主语+及物动词+宾语主谓宾：we like Tu Lei. / He moved to BJ.
主语+不及物动词+介词+宾语
3.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语主谓宾宾补：I ask him to leave.
4.主语+双宾动词+间宾（人）+直宾（物）主谓间宾直宾：He gives me a letter.
5.主语+系动词+表语主系表：She is nice./She is a student.
6.There be 句型There are 20 people in the hall.
并列句：
由and, or , but , not only…but also…, neither…nor…等连词连接两个并列句子
We are not only friends but also we are good sisters.
We do not like her, but she likes us.
We went shopping and we bought a lot of toys last Sunday.
复合句：
定语从句（形容词性从句）/名词性从句/状语从句（副词性从句）
定语：形容词做定语，修饰名词或代词。
Eg: green leaf ; red flower; handsome boy; beautiful girl; big one;
定语从句：
一、概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(在句子中作定语)
Eg:The boy who is wearing glasses is Harry Porter .
Eg: Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
引导定语从句的关系代词6个：who/whom/that/whose/as/which
引导定语从句的关系副词3个：when/where/why
判断关键：关系代词+不完整句子关系代词在定语从句中做（主语/宾语/定语）关系副词+完整句子
各个关系代词考点总结：
That :
1.熟悉什么情况下只能选择that
①序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时
Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.
It is the first play that I have seen since I came here.
②先行词被every, some, no, all, any, little, much等修饰时。
I’ve read all the books that you lend me.
③everything, something, nothing, all, anything, little, much等不定代词作先行词时Everything that we saw in this film was true.
④先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very book that belongs to him.
⑤主句已有who或which时
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday.
⑥当先行词同时指人和物时
I’ve never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.
2.考点：
①在定于从句中，介词不能加that , 考试时，看到这些on/of/about/ for +that 直接排除。
② that 不引导非限制性定语从句，考试时，看到题干中有逗号时，直接排除that 以及what
在定语从句中差表语，可用that
Eg: he is not the person that used to be.
考点题：
1.Is this factory ____you visited last year?
A. The one b. That c. Which d. where
2.Is this the factory ____you visited last year?
A. The one b. That c. Who d. where
Which 的用法总结：
1.在非限制性定语从句中，看到题干有逗号，且定于从句是不完整的，选择which.
2.介词+which 考点居多
in which=where
on which=when
for which= why
3.当定语从句中先行词为表时间/地点/原因的词时，且定于从句是不完整的，这时关系词选择which/that皆可。但注意一定不能选择when/where/why
Eg：Have you ever asked him the reason ______ may explain his absence from the class
A why
B when
C that
D what
4.当先行词表示人物身份，职位，头衔时，关系词选择which,不能选择who.
Eg: she is a actor, which is known to us.
As 考点总结：
1.固定搭配：the same +n.+as+定语从句；such + n. +as +定语从句
2.一般位于句首的固定搭配：
As is known to all,_______.
As is seen/reported,______.
Whose 的考点总结：选项中出现whose时，一定要慎重考虑是否满足一下条件：
题干中空格前后都有名词，且把空格去掉，空格的前后名词有所属关系时，选择whose。Eg: i like t he book whose color is yellow.
Way 做先行词时，关系词可以用that/in which/ "不用/"
Eg: i do not like the way that/in which/ "/"he speaks to me.
主语从句What you need is more practice.
宾语从句We must find out who did all this.
表语从句The question is whether it is worth doing.
同位语从句The visitor expressed his hope that he would visit China again.
学习要领：
1.连接词(重点)
2.从句中的语序（陈述句语序）
3.时态一致（宾从）
注意：
考点一：that在名词性从句中考点，that加完整句子，不做任何成分。
句型一：It is/was +adj./n.+ that +完整从句(should do/be done)表虚拟
句型二：The reason for +n./n.短语+ is/was that…
The reason why+完整句子+is/was that …
Eg: The reason for his absence was that he has left the city.
句型三：以下红色字体必须记住
news/fact/hope/idea/doubt/evidence/information/message/word/problem/promise/wish/question/tr uth+that +完整从句
We were all overjoyed at the news______ the experiment turned out a success.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. what
注意考点：同位语从句说明的名词有时会和后面的同位语从句分隔：
An idea came to her ______she might do the experiment in another way.
A. that
B. what
C. when
D. which
句型四：强调句型：
It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分.
注意：此句型不强调谓语；谓语动词由do/does/did +动词原形表强调。
历年来，考察强调的时间和地点居多，因此考生只需记住以下固定结构，也可选择正确答案。即看到in/on/at/about任何一个就选择that：
It is/was +in/on/at/about+n.+that+完整句子.
It was in library that I met Mary this morning.
句型五：think/find/ feel/consider/ make/ believe/regard/hate/take/owe/have/see to +it+ (adj./n.) +that宾语从句
Eg: I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.
考点二：what的考法：
当what 前无名词，后面句子不完整时，选择what; 反之，是不能选择的，直接排除。
如：What surprises me is that they have finished all the work in one day.
总结：当选项中有what时，且空格位于句首，大多数情况都选择what.
whether ⑴. Prep. +whether:
Eg: we can not find out ____(whether/if) he leaves.
考点三：whether用法总结：
1.看到题干中有or not , 选项有whether,就选whether.
2.选项中有whether 和if 时，若空格后有to do , 直接选择whether.
Eg: whether to do :
I can not decide whether (whether/if) to stay.
考点四：若选项中出现it, 记住以下句型。
注意：红色单词必须记住，考点频率高。
think/find/feel/consider/make/believe/regard/
hate/take/owe/have/see to +it+ (adj./n.) +to do sth.
Eg: I think it necessary to take plenty of hot water every day.
因此，给考生总结出怎么判断不同的从句：
定语从句：n./pron.+从句（完整句子或不完整句子）
同位语从句：特定的n. +that从句（完整句子）
主语从句: 从句+is/was/does
宾语从句：v./prep./adj.+从句
表语从句：be/feel/looks+从句
状语从句：主句+conj.+完整从句
完整从句+conj.+主句
关于状语从句，考生们必须记住引导九种状语从句的连词各自含义。
四．主谓一致重点：
1. 就近原则
not only…but also…;
not…but…;
neither…nor…;
either…or…; 这个已考
or;
perhaps;
Not only he but also I know the matter. Know
Neither my brothers nor my father
likes football.
One or two sandwiches are not enough for me.
2. and
n.+and+n.+复数谓语
xiao li and xiao hong are ss.
(1)A=each/every/many a/ no
如果A修饰and 前后的两个单数名词或者A只修饰and前或后面的一个单数名词时，谓语单数。
Each minute and every second is valuable/cherish for us.
Each minute and second is valuable/cherish for us.
Minute and every second is valuable/cherish for us.
B=a/an/the 如果B修饰and 前后两个单数名词时，谓语复数。
如果B只修饰and 前面名词，不修饰后面的名词，谓语单数。
The manager and the board attend the meeting.
The manager and board attends the meeting.
And前后的主语表示单一概念或指同一个物体时，谓语单数
Bread and butter is my favor.
Early to bed and early to rise is a good habit.
When and where +单数谓语
Peace and war+单数谓语
Fork and knife +单数谓语
3. many a / more than one +单数名词+单数谓语"许多“
Many a boy likes TULEI.
More than one of +可数名词复数+复数谓语quantities of +C./U.+复数谓语
4. 从句中的谓语动词：
定语从句：从句中谓语取决于先行词
主句+one of +复数名词（先行词）+关系词+定语从句（复数谓语）
主句+the/only/very/the only/the very+one of +复数名词（先行词）+关系词+定语从句(单数谓语)
Eg: she is one of the teachers who speak French well.
she is the only one of the teachers who speaks French well.
注意：one of +复数名词做主语+单数谓语
One of the guards was sleeping.
5. 分数或百分数加名词作主语，谓语取决于分数或百分数后的名词
分数表达法：one/two-second/third/fourth/fifth
One-second; two-fifth s
20 percent of +复数名词
Two – fifths of the students leave.
Three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.
40 percent of the students come here.
五．反义疑问句
1. 含有must 用法
Must 作情态动词must +do 必须
Must, mustn’t/ needn’t +主语？
Mustn’t, must+主语？
Eg: you must finish the task before 5 p.m., must n”t you/ needn"t you?
We mus tn’t be late, must we?
Must 表示推测时：
Must+do对现在情况推测“一定是“，反义部分用Must 后面的动词
Eg: he must be a teacher, isn’t he?
He must arrive at GZ, doesn”t he?
Must 对过去肯定的推测，must have done “一定做过某事“
如果句中有明确的过去时间，（yesterday/last week/month/year/night）, 反义部分用didn”t +主语？
Eg: it must have rained last night, didn”t it?
如果句中没有明确的过去时间词，反义部分用haven”t /hasn”t+主语？
it must have rained, hasn”t it?
2. 复合句
A.I/we +think/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/expect +that 从句，看从句不看主句？
I think he is a good man, isn”t he?
I don”t think he is a good man, is he ?
B.you/he/she/+think/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/expect+that 宾语从句,反义部分看主句不看从句？
My mother thinks that he is a good man, doesn”t she?
My mother doesn”t think that he is a good man, does she?
4. 陈述句中主语是不定代词：
指人：
everyone=everybody; someone/nobody/no one
these/ those反义部分主语they.
Everyone is unique in the world, aren’t they?
主语：something/everything/nothingto do/ doing/从句/this/that, 反义主语用it.
This is not my fault, is it?
Learning is good habit, isn’t it?
5.虚拟语气
(1). If 的虚拟倒装是重点：
当选项中有had/were/should 时，记住以下结构：should 位于句首情况已考，不会再考。Should +主语+do/be, 主句（would/should/could/might +do).
Were +主语+to do, 主句（（would/should/could/might +do).
Had +主语+done, 主句（（would/should/could/might +do).
(2)（should）do/ （should）be done 表虚拟的考点：
考生看到以下蓝色单词直接在选项中去找答案是动词原形或者be+done 结构的选项。suggest(tion)/propose/proposal/advise/advice/order/command/
important/imperative/necessary/essential/urgent/strange/naturalin case/ for fear that/ lest/a pity/ no wander/ a shame/+(should）do/ （should）be done
Suggest 和essential 已考，不会再考，但要注意其他单词。
（3）wish/would rather/would sooner/as if/if only+did(对现在虚拟）
wish/would rather/would sooner/as if/if only+had done（对过去虚拟）
wish/would rather/would sooner/as if/if only+would/could/might do(对将来）
Wish + could do 已考。不会再考，但要注意其他时态。只要出现
wish/would rather/would sooner/as if/if only ，选项中有did/ had done / would do 任何一个出现，就选择。
（4）。Otherwise/but for/with out+would do/would have done
Otherwise +would have done已考, 只要出现otherwise, 答案就是would have done. 今后可能会在用所给词的适当形式填空里面。
另外，在大多数情况下，选择题中，出现了but for/withour,也是选择would have done的选项。
六．非谓语动词
To do 表示将要去做（主动语态）
To be done 表示将要被（被动语态）
Doing 正在做某事（主动语态）
Being done 正在被（现在分词的被动）
Done 做完某事（被动语态）
Having done 做完某事（主动语态）
Having been done 做完某事（被动语态）
1. 分词作状语题：注意整句只有一个主语
Eg:
John,_____ the bet, had to pay for the dinner.
A.Lost b. Having lost c. Losing d. Having loss
解析：d 选项loss是名词”惊慌”，故排除。A选择lost 可以当作是过去时，但句中无连词，又有2个谓语就不成立，若当作过去分词就表示被动，但题意是说john 打赌输了，应该是主动语态，故排除。C losing 表示正在进行动作，但题意是had to 表示事情已经发生，故排除。B having lost 表示事情发生，且表示主动语态。因此选择B.
2.独立主格结构
With +n.+ to do/ doing/ done, 主句.
考试，经常是选项中有to do/ doing / done的任何形式，方法是判断与他们前面名词的关系，表示主动或进行用doing,表示被动或完成用done, 表示将来用to do;
Eg: with the flowers ____ everywhere, the park looks beautiful.
A.To bloom b. Blooming c. Be blooming d. To be blooming
Eg: with the bridge _____, there was nothing for the soldier but to swim.
A.Was destroyed b. Destroying
c. Being destroyed
d. Destroyed
3.考生注意，有时选项中，经常会有谓语和非谓语形式同时出现，方法是记住一个句子中，连词的个数=谓语的个数-1.当句中没有一个连词时，又有一个谓语存在，那这时就不能再考虑另一个谓语形式了。
Eg: ____________, I had to buy a new one.
A.My dictionary losing
B.My dictionary having been lost
C.My dictionary had been lost
D.Because my dictionary lost
总结：以上此类题难度大，因此要求考生们应该熟悉16种谓语表现形式，以及非谓语的表现形式。
4. 从句连词和独立主格结构的混合交叉考法：
There I met several people, two of _____ being foreigners.
A.Which b.Them c. Whom d. That
There I met several people, two of _____ were foreigners.
B.Which b. Who c. Whom d. That
There I met several people, and two of _____ were foreigners.
C.Which b. them c. Whom d. That
5.看到题干中有be made/be seen/ be heard/ be noticed 时，答案为to do , 即有to 加动词原形的选项。
6.Have/ make/ let/ get+sb.+ do
Have / make / let/ get+sth. +done
7. 当Only位于句中时，要和to do 搭配，表示某人主动做选择only to do ; 表示某人被怎样，选择only to be done。
七．关于半倒装，考生需要记住倒装的实质就是起强调作用，因此，必须要以下词汇位于句首时，才能进行半倒装。
1. So +adj./adv.+be/do/does/did/have/has/had +主语+其它+that+从句.
2. As 的结构：
Adj./adv./n. +as +主语+谓语（be/助动词），主句。
V. +as+主语+would/could/might, 主句。
3.Not only +助动词/be+主语+其他，but also+句子。
4.Not/never/seldom/rarely/by no means/under no circumstances+助动词/be+主语+其他。under no circumstances 已考，不会再考，但要记忆其他单词。
5.Only +时间+助动词/be+主语+其他。
Only +时间从句+主句（助动词/be+主语+其他）主倒从不倒
6.Hardly/scarcely/no sooner +had +主语+ done+when/than+did.
Hardly +had +主语+done when+did . 已考
7. Not until+从句+did+主语+do. 看到not until位于句首时，选择以did 开头的选项。
(完整)小学五年级英语必须掌握的一些英语语法知识
小学五年级英语必须掌握的一些英语语法知识 一、时态 1、一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语：often （经常）,usually （通常）,always （总是）, sometimes （有时），every week （day, year, month ...）, on Sundays,… 基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词 否定形式：①am / is / are + not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为 动词，则在其前加don't，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问， 如主语为第三人称单数，则用does,同时，还原行为动词。 2、现在进行时： 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now, look, listen, … 基本结构：am/is/are ＋doing 否定形式：am/is/are ＋not＋doing 一般疑问句：把be 动词放在句首
第三人称单数 一般现在时的肯定句中，主语为第三人称单数的动词变化主 要体现在词尾的变化上，其规律大体有三点： 1. 一般情况下，直接在动词词尾+s，例如：get —gets; take — takes 2. 以s, sh, ch, x, o结尾的动词，在词尾+ es,例如：teach —teaches; wash —washes; go —goes 3. 以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，变y为i，再+ es, 如: study —studies; try —tries 除上述规律外,还应注意下面三点： 1. 动词have，遇到主语是第三人称单数时，要用has;动 词be 的第三人称单数形式是is。 2. 含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子变否定句时,要用 doesn't + 动词原形,如： He goes to school at six in the morning. （变否定句）—He doesn't go to school at six in the morning. 3. 对含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子提问时, 要用助动词does,如： She goes home at five every day. （对划线部分提问）—When /
大学英语语法与练习——unit14倒装
14. 倒装 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, com e, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 倒装句之部分倒装
初中英语语法知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
六年级英语语法知识点汇总
六年级语法总复习 一、词汇 （一）一般过去时态 一般过去时态表示在过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。例如yesterday, last weekend ,last Saturday ,等连用。基本句型：主语+动词的过去式+其他。例句——What did you do last weekend?你上周做什么了？ ——I played football last weekend.我踢足球了。 ★规则动词过去式的构成 ⒈一般在动词原形末尾加-ed。例如：play—played ⒉词尾是e的动词直接加-d。例如：dance—danced ⒊末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。例如stop（停止）--stopped ⒋结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，变“y”为“i”，再加-ed，例如：study--studied ★一些不规则变化的动词过去式 am/is—was are—were go—went swim—swam fly—flew do—did have—had say—said see—saw take—took come—came become—became get—got draw—drew hurt—hurt read—read tell—told will—would eat—ate take—took make—made drink—drank sleep(睡觉)—slept cut（切）--cut sit(坐)—sat begin(开始)—began think—thought find—found run(跑)---ran buy—bought win—won give(给)—gave sing—sang leave—left hear（听）--heart wear—wore （二）一般现在时态 一般现在时态表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态，表示习惯性或客观存在的事实和真理。常与often ,always ,usually ,sometimes ,every day等连用。基本句型分为两种情况： ●主语（非第三人称）+动词原形+其他。例句：——What do you usually do on the weekend?——I usually do my homework on the weekend. ●主语（第三人称）+动词的第三人称单数形式+其他。例句： ——What does Sarah usually do on the weekend?萨拉通常在周末干什么？ ——She usually does her homework on the weekend.她通常在周末做她的家庭作业。 ★动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则 ⒈一般直接在动词词尾加-s.例如：play—plays ⒉以s ,x ,ch,sh结尾的动词加-es。例如：watch—watches ⒊以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加es,例如：fly—flies ⒋个别不规则变化动词，需单独记忆，例如：do—does go—goes （三）现在进行时态 现在进行时态表示说话人现在正在进行的动作。基本句型：主语+be+动词的-ing+其他。 例如:——What are you doing ?你在干什么？ ——I am doing my homework..我正在做作业。 ★动词现在分词的变化规则 ⒈一般直接在词尾加ing ，例如;wash—washing ⒉以不发音e字母结尾的动词，去掉e ,再加ing.例如：make—making ⒊末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，要双写最后一个辅音字母再加ing.例如swim—swimming （四）一般将来时态 一般将来时态表示将来某一时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间如tomorrow ,next weeken ,this afternoon 等连用。我们通常用will,be going to+动词原形来表示一般将来时态。
初三英语语法知识点
1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如： How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。
3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与Which...? 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：
中考知识要点简记归纳之初中英语语法知识点(全)
七年级（上） 1. f amily name = last name 姓first name = given name 名字 2. 用某种语言用介词in （如in English ） 3. 电话用语中this that 回答 “I s that Mr.H ” “Yes ，it is ” 4. h at 有边沿的帽子cap 有帽舌的帽子 5.名词的复数形式：①一般+s ②s,x,ch,sh, 结尾的+es ③辅音字母+y 去y 为I，+es ④o 结尾，除了negro hero tomato potato +es ，其余+s ⑥特殊名词复数形式 6.应对道谢Y ou are welcome = That ’s all right =That ’s OK = Not at all = It ’s my pleasure. 7.Here you are = Here it is = It is here 倒装句here +be + 名词here + 代词+be 8. i n 年月季节on 日星期几节日at 钟点 9. j oin 参加加入（团体组织）take part in 参加（活动） 10. be busy doing 11. be strict with sb be strict in sth 12. bring+ 人或物+to + 地点把? 带到某地 bring+ 人或物+for+ 人给某人带来? 13. start doing start + 名词 start to do 的情况：主语是物不是人;start 本身为s t arting 时;其后的动词与想法感情有关14. what time is it ？=what ’s time ？询问钟点回答：It is ? .（一律） 单词：trumpet 喇叭racket （网球羽毛球）球拍plural 复数，复数形式，复数的ninth 第九furniture 家具February 二月eraser 橡皮擦dresser 梳妆台 drum 鼓documentary 纪录片description 描述broccoli 花椰菜biology 生物学comedy 喜剧singular 单数plural 复数 七年级（下） 1. hear from sb. 收到? 的来信 2. be friendly to 对?友好 3. another 另一，再一 other 其他的，别的（无范围）+ 名词（复数） the other 两个中的另一个（通常搭配one? the other ? ） others 其他的人或物（代词） the others 多个中的剩余几个（不加名词，通常搭配some ? .the others ? ） 4. what+be+ 主语?=what do/does+ 主语+do ？询问职业 5. be surprised + at sth./to do sth./ 句子 6. in the corner 屋里某个角落 on the corner = at the corner 街头某个拐角处 7. every day 每天（状语）everyday 日常每天的adj.+ n.. 8. in the tree 在树上（非树本身的一部分）on the tree 在树上（树上的一部分） 9. in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院工作 10. agree with sb agree to sth 答应agree on/upon/about 达成一致意见 11. tell ? from ? 把? 与? 区别开来 ***
中考英语语法填空知识点梳理及经典练习(超详细)
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初中英语语法大全汇总
初中英语语法大全汇总 （一） 一.词类(Parts of Speech) 名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词boy,clock,book等 冠词英文名称The Article(缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。例词a(an),the 代词英文名称The Pronoun(缩写为pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词例词we,that,his,what 形容词英文名称The Adjective(缩写为adj.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征 例词old,red,fine,good. 数词英文名称The Numeral(缩写为num.) 表示数量或是顺序。例词one,thirteen first 动词英文名称The Verb(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。例词sit,go,be(am,is,are) 副词英文名称The Adverb(缩写为adv.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。例词not too,here,very 介词英文单词The Preposition(缩写为prep.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。例词in,on,of,to,under. 连词英文单词The Conjunction(缩写为conj.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。例词and,or,but. 感叹词英文单词The Interjection(缩写为interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。例词oh,hello,hi,er. 二.名词(Nouns) 1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。 专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。 Lucy China 中国Asia 亚洲Beijing 北京。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: teacher 老师tea 茶reform 改革 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们family 家庭army 军队government 政府group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。 labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式,如: an apple two apples a car some cars 不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式. 抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 sand 沙sugar 糖 有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。 glass 玻璃glass 玻璃杯paper 纸paper 报纸,文件 名词的功能 名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。 The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。 书包在桌子里边。 I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。 昨天我洗了我的衣服。
八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结
八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结 （2021最新版） 作者：______ 编写日期：2021年__月__日 【导语】要想取得好的学习成绩，必须要有良好的学习习惯。习惯是经过重复练习而巩固下来的稳重持久的条件反射和自然需要。建立良好的学习习惯，就会使自己学习感到有序而轻松。以下是小编为您整理的《八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结》，供大家查阅。 【篇一】 He said I was hard-working. 重点语法：宾语从句结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语) 例句：----Im good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句)
----He says Im good at English. 注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。例句：He says Im good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其 -ing 形式。例句：She said helping others changed her life. 重点短语：direct speech 直接引语 reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做) its + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说](加形容词) context 上下文 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) First read for meaning， not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。) You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from the context. (至于不懂的单词，