老人与海英语论文

An Analysis of the Heroic Character in the Old Man and the Sea

学院：外国语学院

班级：英语101

姓名：王金

学号：100801009

An Analysis of the Heroic Character in the Old Man and the Sea

Abstract:Hemingway was one of the most famous novelists in America. He created a perfect image of Code Hero: Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea which won Hemingway Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. The Old Man and the Sea is one of the most influential and far-reaching novels of the literary treasure of the world. The content of the essay is to analyze the characteristics of Code Hero. Through the introduction to Hemingway’s legend life, we find some common points between the author and the old man, and the most familiar point is that both of them have the spirit of Code Hero. Then I will analyses the spirit of Code Hero. The spirit is concentrated on four areas: First, never give up hopes in any difficult conditions; secondly, keep daring spirit and never admit defeat in the process of fighting; thirdly, behave heroically in the actual battle; and last, endure the loneliness in the long process of the fighting. The last part of the essay is the conclusion. This paper will analyze the image of the old man, reveal the characteristics of Code Hero, and advocate the spirit of never giving up.

Keywords：Spirit, Hemingway, Code Hero, Santiago

1 The Introduction to the Author

Regarded as a giant both in American literature and the world literature, Ernest Hemingway was born on July21, 1898, at Oak Park, Illinois. During World War I he worked as an ambulance driver in France and in the Italian infantry and was wounded severely just before his 19th https://www.docsj.com/doc/9f16312695.html,ter, he became involved with the expatriate literary and artistic circle surrounding Gertrude Stein when he was working in Paris as a correspondent for the Toronto Star, His works during the 1920s are representative of“the Lost Generation”. During the Spanish Civil War and later the Second Word War, Hemingway served as a correspondent on the loyalist side. Then he settled in Cuba in 1945.In 1954, Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize of Literature for his “mastery of the art of modern narration”.After his expulsion from Cuba by the Castro regime, he moved to Idaho. He was increasingly plagued by ill health and mental problems, and in July, 1961, he committed suicide by shooting himself.

Hemingway’s life is filled with kinds of adventures, and from his rich and colorful life experiences，his life seems like an unusual book which many other people in the world admire and envy.Hemingway's fiction usually focuses on people living essential, dangerous lives, soldiers, fishermen, athletes, bullfighters, who meet the pain and difficulty of their existence with stoic courage.From his works and life experiences, Hemingway is indeed a perfectionist. Many of the heroes that he created in novels are represented his code man spirit---perfectionism, especially in The Old Man and the Sea. The old man named Santiago represented Hemingway’s perfectionism characteristic more vividly than other code man in his works

2 The Introduction to the Background

Hemingway’s life was active and adventurous but full of pains. He lived in the period that the World War One broke out when many young volunteers took part in the war which also called “a war ends all wars”.But the cruel reality made them aware that modern warfare was not as glorious as they thought.Actually the First and the Second World Wars had affected Hemingway a lot, for he had once joined the army and had injured in Italy, so he suffered much which was brought about by the war deeply. He was disappointed with the world at that time and became very pessimistic about the fate of the human beings. As a young writer and spokesman of the “The Lost Generation”, and influenced by the greedy and heedless way of life in America, Hemingway’s works all vividly recorded the life of those physically and mentally wounded soldiers, revealed the frustration, loneli ness when “God is dead”.

3 Plot

It is a poetic tragic novel told in language of great simplicity and power. Its hero is an old Cuban fisherman ---Santiago, who is down on his luck, and tries to fight against his fate. In the story Santiago has gone for 84 days without catching a fish. As a result, Mandolin, a little boy, who used to sail with him, is forbidden from fishing with the old man by his parents and forced to catch fish in another “good-lucky” ship.

Later despite the boy asks for fishing together again, but the old man insists on fishing alone and at last, he succeeds in hooking a giant marlin which is eighteen-foot, the largest he has ever known before. But the fish is very powerful and disobedient. It tows the old man and his boat for almost 48 hours, the old man could do nothing but bearing the whole weight of the fish through the line on his back. The old man, with little food and sleep, has to bear a lot of pain and at the same time fight against the

fish. To his great excitement, he was rewarded for his struggle. On the third day at sea, he finally catches the weakened marlin to the surface and harpoons it.

On his way home, he lashed marlin alongside his boat because it is too big to be put in the boat. But, unfortunately, the sharks assaulted the old man and the giant marlin in different directions for four times. The old man fights to kill the sharks with as much strength he can summon, but only to find a giant skeleton of his marlin left after his desperate defense. At last, Santiago, having lost what he fought for, reaches the shore and struggles to his shack. He falls into sound sleep, dreaming of Africa and the lions again.

4 Analysis of the heroic characters

In the novel, the author portrays the image of an old Cuban fisherman who has gone for 84 days with catching nothing.“The old man was thin and gaunt, with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck. The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks. The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords. But none of the scars were fresh. They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert.” From these words, we may feel sympathetic toward the old man and think that he is too week to catch a big fish. But “Everything about him was old except his eye and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.” In spite of his old and week appearance, his eyes are not stuffy but as cheerful as the young men’s eyes through which we can see his unyielding spirit. This contrast clearly shows Santiago’s real personality.

84 days is a long period of time. A man can tolerate failure, but can’t tolerate continuous failure. Too much failure will destroy a man even with strong will. But for Santiago, although a poverty-stricken and lonely old man, nothing can defeat his will. He firmly insists that he will not always be unfortunate.He says, “I may not be as strong as I think.”, “But I know many tricks and I have resolutions.” The old man is very confident and has the strong believe that he will finally catch a big fish. What gives him such confidence under the difficult and cruel reality? Through the man, the author points out---even though life is very hard and seems hopeless, “But who knows? Every day is a new day.” He has the hope for the future and the unyielding spirit to challenge his fate.

With Santiago’s exceeding self-confidence, he gets ride of his bad fortune and catches the fish which is longer than his skiff. But the Marline is very disobedient and strong. The old man “swing with each arm alternately on the cord with all the strength

of his arm and the pivoted weight of his body.” But “nothing happened. The fish just moves away slowly and the old man could not raise him an inch.” One side is a very old man, and the other side is the big strong Marline. Neither side is going to yield. In some way, the Marlin is a remarkable and respectable fish. It tows the skiff behind him out to the sea for 48 hours. “The contest is to see who can endure longer than the other.”“The fish made a struggle that pulled him down on his face and made a cut below his eye. The blood ran down his cheek a little way. But is coagulated and dried before it reached his chin and he worked his way back to the how and rested against the wood.” At the moment, if Santiago cut the line and let the fish go, he can get ride of the danger, but if he do so, it means that he is a loser. Santiago doesn’t choose this way; he tries to think nothing but only to endure. When he is thirsty, he takes some water; when he is sleepy, he lies forward cramming himself against the line with all of his body, putting all his weight onto his right hand. Even his left hand cramps and his right hand is cut by the line, he just tries his best to endure. On the third day at sea, he finally catches the weakened marlin to the surface and harpoons it. But on the returning voyage, the old man meets a more terrible disaster. The Marline’s blood draws the shark group in different directions for four times. Although he knows that there is little hope for him to win after his long fighting with the Marline, but he knows that he should face the sharks and kill them as a man to protect his fish. The author uses much ink to portray the sharks which aims to describe the old man’s spirit. The harder the fish and the sharks are to defeat, the taller the old man’s image is.

5 Writing Style and Techniques

Hemingway’s works have unique artistic style. He is distinguished from other writers in choosing characters and subjects. The leading roles in his novels are men. Through a series of description, he shows the readers the unique world of men. Most of these men are matador, pugilist, and hunter and so on. By portraying the battles in which these men fight with nature, society and, Hemingway want to extol their unyielding struggle spirit. The very virtues of Hemingway’s style are his insistence on simplicity, his pure male writing style, and his manipulation of language. Some critics call it “cinematic prose”. This style has close relationship with his long career as a reporter. As he said in response to a newsman:“You have to learn to write some simple statement sentences. It is useful to everybody.”

Hemingway can also control language completely. As Ford said:“Every word is

like fresh stone from the stream. They are living and shining and each has its own position. So his language can achieve this effect: seeing the bottom of water clearly, the words ranking one after another orderly. Overall, it is like a chessboard. ”All in all, Hemingway’s language in The Old Man and the Sea is simple and natural on the surface, but actually deliberate and artificial. The forming of this distinct style is related to Hemingway’s ow n experience. And the influence of this style is not only within America but also all over the world. The facts in the novel are selected and used as a device to make the fictional world accepted. Unlike other novelists who add allegorical meanings to their facts, Hemingway uses the facts simply and naturally, without any emotion. In the latter part of the novel, instead of being narrated by the author, the facts are used from inside Santiago’s own consciousness, and form part of a whole scheme of the novel. Besides what have been mentioned above, other techniques in The Old Man and the Sea, such as realism, monologue, the creation of suspense and so on, are also very successful. All these show Hemingway’s superb artistic attainments as a Nobel Prize winner.

6 Conclusion

The Old Man and the Sea is one of Hemingway’s most enduring works and may very well become one of the true classics of his generation. In the novel, Hemingway creates an image of heroic character who actually reflects the author’s own life attitude. That is, to fight through the failure is inevitable and to show dignity and grace under poverty and pressure. From the novel, we know that the knowledge that a simple man is capable of the decency, dignity, and even heroism that Santiago possesses and that his battle can been seen in heroic terms is itself perhaps the greatest victory that Hemingway won. We can also get a lot of inspirations from the hero--- Santiago. Actually the winner takes nothing but the sense of having fought the fight to the limits of his strength，or of having shown what a man can do when it is necessary. Winner is undefeated only because he has gone on trying.Besides we can learn a lot from Santiago’s famous saying. For example, after he kills the first shark, he says, “Man is not made defeated.”“A man can be destroyed but not defeated.” His words not only prove his character: endurance, persistence and undefeated spirit, but also express the novel’ theme.

Life is a kind of endless pursuit. It is a long, difficult road and full of ups and

downs but as long as we are brave enough to meet the challenges with self-confidence, we will always be a real winner. We should not only appreciate the heroic character, but also try to be a man like Santiago. In the present society, everyone may meet failure, from the study or from the work. What we learn from the heroic character can help us conduct ourselves well when bad luck is coming.

《老人与海》梳理

《老人与海》人物、情节梳理 一、内容梗概 老渔夫圣地亚哥在海上连续84天没有捕到鱼。起初，有一个叫曼诺林的男孩跟他一道出海，可是过了40天还没有钓到鱼，孩子就被父母安排到另一条船上去了，因为他们认为孩子跟着老头不会交好运。第85天，老头儿一清早就把船划出很远，他出乎意料地钓到了一条比船还大的马林鱼。老头儿和这条鱼周旋了两天，终于叉中了它。但受伤的鱼在海上留下了一道腥踪，引来无数鲨鱼的争抢，老人奋力与鲨鱼搏斗，但回到海港时，马林鱼只剩下一副巨大的骨架，老人也精疲力尽地一头栽倒在陆地上。孩子来看老头儿，他认为圣地亚哥没有被打败。那天下午，圣地亚哥在茅棚中睡着了，梦中他见到了狮子。 “一个人并不是生来要被打败的，你尽可以把他消灭掉，可就是打不败他。”这是圣地亚哥的生活信念，也是《老人与海》中作者要表明的思想。通过圣地亚哥的形象，作者热情地赞颂了人类面对艰难困苦时所显示的坚不可摧的精神力量。孩子准备和老人再度出海，他要学会老人的一切“本领”，这象征着人类这种“打不败”的精神将代代相传。 二、人物形象 1、圣地亚哥 《老人与海》中的老渔夫圣地亚哥象征着一种哲理化的硬汉子精神，一种永恒的、超时空的存在，一种压倒命运的力量。作者将富有生命的形象同朦胧的寓意融合在一起，将现实生活的诗情画意同深刻的哲理融合在一起，创造了一种体现着人类尊严和命运重压下仍有优雅风度的硬汉子形象。 《老人与海》中，圣地亚哥说：“一个人可以被毁灭，但不能给打败。”这句话既体现了人类抗拒命运的宣言，更是海明威内心的真实写照。文章中老人在面对长达84天未有收获的情况，面对来自人们鄙夷的猜测，依然义无反顾的出海。与其说是为了生存倒不如说是为了证明自己的实力，向外人显示自己的青春。人的生命是奋斗的，是与命运做不懈的抗争。也许这些挑战和抗争足以把人的肉体消灭，但是一个人只要保持旺盛的斗志和在任何艰难险阻面前不屈服的精神，人就永远是胜利者。——永不言弃，战胜一切艰难险阻，打败一切敌人的决心和勇气。 2、曼诺林 小男孩马洛林在《老人与海》中起着不可或缺的作用。孩子是从五岁起跟老人上船学习捕鱼的，孩子的个性特征从另一个侧面反映了老人的性格，孩子虽然很小，但并不显很孩子气；从老人那里学到的不仅是捕鱼的本领，还有自尊自强的精神，并学会懂得生活的艰辛与男人的责任。稚嫩的肩膀早已习惯了清早就得出门打鱼的生活的磨砺，纵然是“走路还打瞌睡”，仍然说“这算什么，男子汉就得这样。”铿锵有力，落地有声的言语充分的展示了“海明威式”的硬汉子精神。 在老人的潜意识里，孩子是自己人生的另一阶段，因为一个人不可能梦到两个自己，所以尽管他与孩子朝夕相处，他“做梦时从没有梦见过孩子”。孩子的离开是孩子家长的决定，老人不愿意也不让孩子为难，于是不让他再跟着自己，不让小男孩也沾上老人的霉运，孩子多次的要求坚持回来，纵然老人的失败就摆在面前，现实证实了老人的失败，老人的多次回决，但始终阻止不了孩子。他不怕失败，蔑视失败，勇敢地面对失败，因为在小男孩心里，桑提亚哥是一个“神钓”、“与众不同”。 孩子在回归帮助表现海明威“重压下的优雅风度”，小男孩的出现决不是可有可无的点缀品，是有其象征意蕴的，是人类的

老人与海主要内容

老人与海主要内容 老人与海主要内容（一） 《老人与海》故事的背景是在二十世纪中叶的古巴。主角人物是一位圣地亚哥的老渔夫，配角是一个叫马诺林的小孩。这位风烛残年的渔夫一连八十四天都没有钓到一条鱼，几乎都快饿死了；但他仍然不肯认输，而充满着奋斗的精神，终于在第八十五天钓到一条身长十八尺，体重一千五百磅的大马林鱼。大鱼拖着船往大海走，但老人依然死拉着不放，即使没有水，没有食物，没有武器，没有助手，而且左手又抽筋，他也丝毫不灰心。经过两天两夜之后，他终于杀死大鱼，把它拴在船边。但许多小鲨立刻前来抢夺他的战利品；他一一地杀死它们，到最后只剩下一支折断的舵柄做为武器。结果，大鱼仍难逃被吃光的命运，最终，老人筋疲力竭地拖回一副鱼骨头。他回到家躺在床上，只好从梦中去寻回那往日美好的岁月，以忘却残酷的现实。老渔夫，虽然老了，倒霉、失败；但他仍旧坚持努力，而能在失败的风度上赢得胜利。这部小说表现了一种奋斗的人生观，即使面对的是不可征服的大自然，但人仍然可以得到精神上的胜利。也许结果是失败的，但在奋斗的过程中，我们可以看到一个人如何成为一个顶天立地的大丈夫。 老人与海主要内容（二）

《老人与海》之所以成为海明威的巅峰之作，之所以不同于海明威其他硬汉小说，就在于海明威在《老人与海》中，不但写了硬汉，而且通过这一硬汉讴歌了人类永恒价值。正是这一点使得《老人与海》中的硬汉圣地亚哥与海明威其他小说中的硬汉有了天壤之别。 “人不是为失败而生的，一个人可以被毁灭，但不可以给打败”.孤独的老渔夫圣地亚哥刚毅的性格、精湛的钓鱼术等勾勒出他已不仅仅是条硬汉，而他身上所体现的精神价值，更完全是古希腊悲剧精神的体现，作者海明威在他身上找到了一种灵魂，这灵魂是人类亘古不变的永恒价值。 从他身上看到了各种不同的、让人深思的境界：自信、勇敢、乐观、单纯、孤寂及睿智。而且从他身上可以品味到一种艺术，这种艺术在当今的人群中也是罕有的。 《老人与海》，一个“硬汉”以坚强的意志与凶恶的敌手进行一场孤独的抗争。老渔夫桑地亚歌84天一无所获，就连跟他一起出海的孩子也去了别的船。他真的是“倒了血霉”,失落和孤独此时是他唯一的朋友，也是敌人。但他并不畏惧强敌，不抱怨命运，始终为制服对手而顽强坚持着。第85天老渔夫似乎行了好运，终于钓到了一条1500磅的大鱼。当一个人苦苦等待，终于有机会的时候，他总是很珍惜这难得的机会，想尽一切办法实现它。因为这是他精神支柱，只有实现了，他才能继续那孤独难熬的日子。 从与大鱼周旋，到驱赶凶恶的鲨鱼，他的整个奋斗过程都处于个

老人与海英文简介

Plot Summary In a small fishing village in Cuba, Santiago, an old, weathered fisherman has just gone 84 days without catching a fish. On the 85th day, he is determined to catch a big, impressive fish. For years, Santiago has been fishing with a young boy named Manolin. Manolin started fishing with the old man when he was only 5 years old. Santiago is like Manolin's second father, and has taught the young boy everything about fishing. Manolin is extremely loyal to Santiago and makes sure that the old man is always safe, fed and healthy. Manolin's parents, however, force the boy to leave Santiago and fish on a more lucrative fishing boat. Manolin does not want to leave Santiago, but must honor his duty to his parents. On the new boat, Manolin catches several fish within the first few days. Santiago, meanwhile, decides to head out on the Gulf Stream alone. He feels the 85th day will be lucky for him. He sets out on his old, rickety skiff. Alone on the water, Santiago sets up his fishing lines with the utmost precision, a skill that other fisherman lack. Finally, he feels something heavy tugging at one of his lines. A huge Marlin has found Santiago's bait and this sets off a very long struggle between the two. The Marlin is so huge that it drags Santiago beyond all other boats and people - he can no longer see land from where the fish drags him. The struggle takes its toll on Santiago. His hands become badly cramped and he is cut and bruised from the force of the fish. Santiago and the Marlin become united out at sea. They are attached to each other physically, and in Santiago's case, emotionally. He respects and loves the Marlin and admires its beauty and greatness. He sees the fish as his brother. Despite this, Santiago has to kill it. He feels guilty killing a brother, but after an intense struggle in which the fish drags the skiff around in circles, Santiago harpoons the very large fish and hangs it on the side of his boat. He feels brave, like his hero Joe DiMaggio, who accomplished great feats despite obstacles, injuries or adversities. After enjoying a few moments of pride, a pack of sharks detects the blood in the water and follow the trail to Santiago's skiff. Santiago has to fend off each shark that goes after his prized catch. Each shark takes a huge bite out of the Marlin, but the old man fends them off, himself now bruised, but alive. He sails back to shore with the carcass of his Marlin. He is barely able to walk and slowly staggers back to his hut, where he falls into bed.

老人与海

《老人与海》 语文精品课例：《老人与海》 1、教材版本 人教版高中语文第三册第一单元第三篇略读课文《老人与海》1课时。 2、目标确立 （1）教材分析。高中语文新课标对小说教学提出要求，即“培养阅读古今中外各类小说的兴趣，从优秀的小说中吸取思想、感情和艺术的营养，丰富、深化对历史、社会和人生的认识，提高文学修养”，并且包括“了解小说等文学体裁的基本特征和主要表现手法”等内容。鉴于此，高中人教版必修课程共设置了两个小说单元，选择的篇章都是富有代表性的古今中外名家名篇。 课文《老人与海》，是诺贝尔文学奖获得者、美国著名作家海明威的同名代表作品的节选，描绘了一位老人——桑地亚哥勇敢顽强地与鲨鱼搏斗的情景，表现了一种英勇无畏的硬汉精神。海明威说：“这本书描写的是一个人的能耐可以达到什么程度，描绘人的灵魂的尊严。”这一人物形象及其蕴含的精神的确有利于学生“形成健康美好的情感和奋发向上的人生态度”（新课标）。 此外，正如诺贝尔文学奖评委会在给海明威的颁奖词中指出“他精通于叙事艺术，突出地表现在他的近著《老人与海》之中”，作品的成功得益于他那高度简练的叙事技巧和那简约、含蓄的语言风格。所以，本课的教学重点放在人物形象、主题思想、语言风格等方面，这一方面是本文的重点及特色所在，同时也在整个小说教学中有承前启后的衔接作用。 （2）学情分析。对于小说这一叙事文体，高中学生大都能够比较有效地运用多种阅读方式解读文本，在对一般小说要素的把握上并不存在大的障碍。本文的突出特点一是篇幅较长，要求学生有较强的速读能力；二是海明威著名的“冰山理论”在这部小说中也有体现，表面上写老渔夫的冒险经历，实际上，作品中的形象却具有高度的概括性和寓意性，把握到这个层面，对学生来说是有难度的。此外，这一代学生是在和平温馨的环境中长大的，他们的内心深处相对脆弱、孤独，抗挫能力差，比如孙华泽、尹香美等同学。对于一篇激励了几代人奋斗不息的文学作品，我希望自己的学生能够从海明威充满魅力的文字中获取人生拼搏的力量，希望学生在感悟作者塑造的形象的魅力的同时去筑造自己人生的精神砥柱！

老人与海主要内容

老人与海主要内容 《老人与海》故事的背景是在二十世纪中叶的古巴。主角人物是一位圣地亚哥的老渔夫，配角是一个叫马诺林的小孩。这位风烛残年的渔夫一连八十四天都没有钓到一条鱼，几乎都快饿死了；但他仍然不肯认输，而充满着奋斗的精神，终于在第八十五天钓到一条身长十八尺，体重一千五百磅的大马林鱼。大鱼拖着船往大海走，但老人依然死拉着不放，即使没有水，没有食物，没有武器，没有助手，而且左手又抽筋，他也丝毫不灰心。经过两天两夜之后，他终于杀死大鱼，把它拴在船边。但许多小鲨立刻前来抢夺他的战利品；他一一地杀死它们，到最后只剩下一支折断的舵柄做为武器。结果，大鱼仍难逃被吃光的命运，最终，老人筋疲力竭地拖回一副鱼骨头。他回到家躺在床上，只好从梦中去寻回那往日美好的岁月，以忘却残酷的现实。老渔夫，虽然老了，倒霉、失败；但他仍旧坚持努力，而能在失败的风度上赢得胜利。这部小说表现了一种奋斗的人生观，即使面对的是不可征服的大自然，但人仍然可以得到精神上的胜利。也许结果是失败的，但在奋斗的过程中，我们可以看到一个人如何成为一个顶天立地的大丈夫。 老人与海主要内容

文/金永艳 《老人与海》之所以成为海明威的巅峰之作，之所以不同于海明威其他硬汉小说，就在于海明威在《老人与海》中，不但写了硬汉，而且通过这一硬汉讴歌了人类永恒价值。正是这一点使得《老人与海》中的硬汉圣地亚哥与海明威其他小说中的硬汉有了天壤之别。 “人不是为失败而生的，一个人可以被毁灭，但不可以给打败”.孤独的老渔夫圣地亚哥刚毅的性格、精湛的钓鱼术等勾勒出他已不仅仅是条硬汉，而他身上所体现的精神价值，更完全是古希腊悲剧精神的体现，作者海明威在他身上找到了一种灵魂，这灵魂是人类亘古不变的永恒价值。 从他身上看到了各种不同的、让人深思的境界：自信、勇敢、乐观、单纯、孤寂及睿智。而且从他身上可以品味到一种艺术，这种艺术在当今的人群中也是罕有的。 《老人与海》，一个“硬汉”以坚强的意志与凶恶的敌手进行一场孤独的抗争。老渔夫桑地亚歌84天一无所获，就连跟他一起出海的孩子也去了别的船。他真的是“倒了血霉”,失落和孤独此时是他唯一的朋友，也是敌人。但他并不畏惧强敌，不抱怨命运，始终为制服对手而顽强坚持着。第85天老渔夫似乎行了好运，终于钓到了一条1500磅的大鱼。当一个人苦苦等待，终于有机会的时候，他总是很珍惜

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老人与海的内容简介 篇一：《老人与海》内容梳理 《老人与海》内容梳理 一、海明威简介 海明威（1899～1961）美国小说家、诺贝尔文学奖获得者。 1952年，《老人与海》问世，深受好评，翌年获普利策奖。1954年获诺贝尔文学奖。 海明威的文风一向以简洁明快著称，俗称“电报式”，他擅长用极精练的语言塑造人物。他创作风格也很独特，从来都是站着写作。以至他的墓碑上有句双关妙语：“恕我不能站起来”。他笔下的人物也大多是百折不弯的硬汉形象，尤以《老人与海》中桑地亚哥最为典型，他那独特的风格和塑造的硬汉子形象对现代欧美文学产生深远的影响。用海明威的一句名言可以概括这类硬汉甚至其本人，乃至可涵盖美利坚民族的性格：“一个人并不是生来要给打败的，你尽可以把他消灭掉，可就是打不败他。” 《老人与海》则不重在描述故事，而重在表现哲理，在艺术上更多地运用了现代派的表现手法，故事和人物形象都充满象征意味。桑地亚哥只是一个命运乖戾的渔夫，虽然最终没能保住大马林鱼，但在与鲨鱼搏斗的过程中，他表现出无与伦比的力量和勇气，不失人的尊严，是精神上的胜利者，他是一个永不言败的硬汉子，象征人类战胜自我、永不向命运屈服的精神的象征；而“大海”“鲨鱼”象征着神秘的命运与不可知的世界。写鲨鱼之凶猛和残暴主要为了烘托桑地亚哥的刚毅、顽强。 《老人与海》故事梗概 古巴老渔夫桑地亚哥在连续八十四天没捕到鱼的情况下，终于独自钓上了一条大马林鱼，但这鱼实在大，把他的小船在海上拖了三天才筋疲力尽，被他杀死了绑在小船的一边，在归程中一再遭到鲨鱼的袭击，最后回港时只剩鱼头鱼尾和一条脊骨。 这是一场人与自然搏斗的惊心动魄的悲剧。老人每取得一点胜利都付出了惨重的代 价，最后遭到无可挽回的失败。但从另外意义上讲，他又是胜利者，因为他不屈服于命运，无论在怎样艰苦卓绝的环境下，他都凭着自己的勇气、毅力和智慧进行抗争。大马林鱼虽然没有保住，但他却捍卫了“人的灵魂的尊严”，显示了“一个人的能耐可以到达什么程度，”是一个失败的英雄！ 简答题汇编 1．简述桑地亚哥追捕大马林鱼的过程。 答：老渔夫桑地亚哥连续八十四天没捕到鱼，第八十五天在深海上，一条大马林鱼上了钩，但它把桑提亚哥的小船拖得离海岸越来越远，一直拖了两天两夜。在追捕大鱼过程中，桑提亚哥精疲力竭，头昏眼花，右手受了伤，左手直抽筋，又缺乏食品。为了保持体力，他不得不用难以下咽的生鱼肉充饥。他冒着小船被颠覆的危险，始终对它穷追不舍；即使它跑到天涯海角，也准备奉陪到底。结果，大鱼没把他拖垮，他却把大鱼拖垮了，回港时只剩一副大鱼骨架。经过一番激烈的搏斗，他终于制服了大鱼。 2．简述桑地亚哥勇斗鲨鱼的一个场面。 答：①第一条鲨鱼飞速逼近船艄，袭击大马林鱼。老人使出全身力气，用鱼叉猛扎鲨鱼的脑袋，鲨鱼翻了几个身，自己缠上了老人准备好的绳子，老人知道鲨鱼快不行了，

老人与海阅读指导教案

老人与海阅读指导教案 【篇一：《老人与海》教学设计】 《老人与海》教学设计 ——课外阅读综合评点课（说“老人”） 【教学目标】 一、知识和能力 1、通过课堂交流，回忆文中印象深刻的情节，练习说话，指导学 生精读名著经典片段，进一步推进学生深层次阅读和思考，让学生 的思维在交流中产生碰撞，形成争论。 ] 2、感受老人“硬汉”形象，感受老人的魅力。 2、分析内心独白对人物形象塑造的作用。 二、过程和方法 1、通过欣赏电视片段，激发学生的阅读兴趣，交流阅读成果。 2、在梳理情节的过程中来把握人物——桑提亚哥这位硬汉子形象，找出文中人物的内心独白，进一步明确人物的永不屈服的精神和丰 富的内心世界。通过教师设计问题引导学生思考讨论，从而把握课 文的知识点。 三、情感态度和价值观 学习老人永不服输的顽强精神，树立积极向上的乐观的人生观。 【教学重点】 ^ 把握小说的主要情节，分析内心独白对人物形象塑造的作用。

【教学难点】小说的象征意味。 【教学课时】1课时 【课前准备】读通《老人与海》 【教学过程】 一、欣赏故事导入主题 1、《老人与海》故事梗概 孤独年迈的古巴老渔夫圣地亚哥在连续84天没捕到鱼的情况下， 不舍不弃，只身驾船赶赴人迹罕至的墨西哥海湾，终于在第5天钓 上一条18英尺长的大马林鱼。经过两昼夜的殊死捕斗，筋疲力尽的 圣地亚哥最终降服了这条前所未见的大鱼，并把它绑在了小船的侧 舷上。夜色降临，遍体鳞伤的圣地亚哥满怀喜悦地返航，却没料到，看似平静的海面上，一大群饿疯了的鲨鱼正循着血腥味尾随而来， 老人费全身力气，筋疲力尽的把鲨鱼杀死，把死鲨鱼栓在小船后面，拖回来享受果实。展示了进取者与自然搏斗和人的不屈性格，胜利 者的喜悦。然而，老人把鱼拖到岸边，死鲨鱼却剩下一架空骨头架子。 【 2、“一艘船越过世界的尽头，驶向未知的大海，船头上悬挂着一 面虽然饱经风雨剥蚀却依旧艳丽无比的旗帜，旗帜上，舞动着云龙 一般的四个字闪闪发光——超越极限！”海明威这样评价《老人与海》，今天我们就走进这部伟大的名著。 二、走近《老人与海》交流感悟 （一）了解大概内容,了解作者。 1、这个故事是《老人与海这本书内容浓缩后的视频朗读，你们对《老人与海》这本书有什么样的了解?（学生可以从作者，主人公， 配角，主要情节方面回答。教师不作评点）(还有谁想说，请说。)

老人与海故事梗概及读后感

故事梗概： 桑提亚哥是古巴的一个老渔夫，他年轻时非常出色，强健有力，他曾经和一个黑人比赛掰腕子，比了一天一夜，最后终于战胜了对手。到了晚年，他的精力和反应都不如从前，老婆死后，他一个人孤独地住在海边简陋的小茅棚里。 有一段时间，老渔夫独自乘小船打鱼，他接连打了84天，但一条鱼也没有捕到。本来一个叫曼诺林的男孩子总是跟他在一起，可是日子一久曼诺林的父母认为老头悖运，吩咐孩子搭另一条船出海，果然第一个星期就捕

到三条好鱼。孩子每次见到老头每天空船而归，心里非常难受，总要帮他拿拿东西。 桑提亚哥瘦削憔悴，后颈满是皱纹，脸上长着疙瘩，但他的双眼象海水一样湛蓝，毫无沮丧之色。他和孩子是忘年交。老头教会孩子捕鱼，因为孩子很爱他。村里很多打鱼的人都因为老头捉不到鱼拿他开玩笑，但是在曼诺林的眼里，老头是最好的渔夫。他们打渔不但是为了挣钱，而是把它看作共同爱好的事业。孩子为老头准备饭菜，跟他一起评论棒球赛。老头特别崇拜棒球好手狄马吉奥。他是渔民的儿子，脚跟上虽长有骨剌，

但打起球来生龙活虎。老头认为自己已经年迈，体力不比壮年，但他懂得许多捕鱼的诀窍，而且决心很大，因此他仍是个好渔夫。 老人和孩子相约第二天，也就是第85天一早一起出海。半夜醒后他踏着月光去叫醒孩子，两人分乘两条船，出港后各自驶向自己选择的海面。天还没有亮，老头已经放下鱼饵。鱼饵的肚子里包着鱼钩的把子，鱼钩的突出部分都裹着新鲜的沙丁鱼。鱼饵香气四溢，味道鲜美。 正当桑提亚哥目不转睛地望着钓丝的时候，他看见露出水面的一根绿色竿子急遽地附入水中。他用右手的

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英文_老人与海

Abstract The Old Man and the Sea, written by Hemingway, is a famous realistic novel, which tells the frustrated experience that the old fisherman fishes in the course. This paper starts with the details to discuss the indispensable roles of the boy in the novel. It is him who helps the old man get out of the troubles in spiritual; It is him who becomes the old man’s comfort and motivation especially when the old man faced afterwards defeat and his optimistic, generous life attitude was worthy tasting by people carefully; It is him who plays the role of leading, inspiring to the readers, and increasing the appeal of the work, enriching the content of the work. Key words: Roles；the Boy；the Old Man Centents 1. Introduction 2. The roles of the boy in the Old Man and the Sea 2.1Highlighting the humanity in the work of Realism 2.2Helping show the old man’s pressures 3. conclusion

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（1）、写作背景 小说主要写一个饱经风霜的古巴老渔夫连续84天在海上打鱼而一无收获，第85天仍然继续去捕鱼，终于捕到了一条大马林鱼，但在返航的途中，又遇到了大群鲨鱼的围攻，老人桑提亚哥奋不顾身，与鲨鱼进行了一夜的搏斗，结果当老人返回岸上时只剩下一副巨大的鱼骨架子了。 （2）、作家作品 海明威，美国小说家。1954年度的诺贝尔文学奖获得者。生于乡村医生家庭，从小喜欢钓鱼、打猎、音乐和绘画，曾作为红十字会车队司机参加第一次世界大战，以后长期担任驻欧记者，并曾以记者身份参加第二次世界大战和西班牙内战。晚年患多种疾病，精神十分抑郁，经多次医疗无效，终用猎枪自杀。50年代后，塑造了以桑提亚哥为代表的“可以把他消灭，但就是打不败他”的“硬汉性格”（代表作中篇小说《老人与海》1950）。在艺术上，他那简约有力的文体和多种现代派手法的出色运用，在美国文学中曾引起过一场“文学革命”，许多欧美作家都明显受到了他的影 二、能力培养点 1、刻画人物的艺术手段 （1）在人物塑造上，小说采用了反衬法和内心独白等艺术手段，使老人的形象跃然纸上。 何为反衬，借助于对立面之强来烘托主体性格之强。黑格尔说过：“人格的伟大和刚强的程度，只有借矛盾对立的伟大和刚强的程度才能衡量出来。”小说中，不少地方都极力描写鲨鱼的勇猛、凶狠，从而衬托出老人桑地亚哥的刚毅顽强。 （2）心理描写的语句对表现人物的作用 “能够撑下去就太好啦”“但愿这真是一场梦” 老人独自在海上，不断地提醒自己与鲨鱼作斗争，不断地鼓励自己，给自己信心，镇定从容地打败鲨鱼一次又一次的袭击，表现出他良好的心态。 “跟它们斗”“我要跟它们斗到死” 体现了他是一个倔强的老头，誓不服输。 “你走得太远，把运气给败坏啦”“别胡说八道啦！”“醒着，掌好舵。也许你的运气还不小呢” 他的消极心态和积极心态，总是在斗争，最后总是积极心态占据上风，文中这种情况出现多次，足可见其“硬汉”特征。 对表现小说中心的作用：老人的心理描写贯串文章始终，这是一条线索，可以把海上所发生的事连接起来。另外，通过他的话进一步揭示出小说主题，即“一个人并不是生来要给打败的，你尽可把他消灭掉，可就是打不败他”。通过内心独白，可以看出老人与鲨鱼斗争的艰难，可以更好地表现出他的“硬汉”性格。 2、重要语句的理解

老人与海英文版书评

老人与海（The Old Man and the Sea）英文书评(book reviews) 这本书讲了古巴(Cuba)的一个名叫圣地亚哥的老渔夫，独自一个人出海打鱼，在一无所获(to achieve nothing)的84天之后钓到了一条无比巨大的马林鱼。这是老人从来没见过也没听说过的比他的船还长两英尺的一条大鱼。鱼的劲(vigor)非常大，拖(to drag)着小船漂流了整整两天两夜，老人在这两天两夜中经历了从未经受的艰难考验，终于把大鱼刺(to stab)死，拴(to tie)在船头(the bow)。然而这时却遇上了鲨鱼(a shark)，老人与鲨鱼进行了殊死搏斗(put up a good fight)，结果大马林鱼被鲨鱼吃光了，老人最后拖回只剩下一副光秃秃bald的鱼骨架(a fish skeleton)和一身(all over the body)的伤。最后却得到了人们的赞赏。 《老人与海》完全可能成为当代一部名副其实的经典作品。厄纳斯特·海明威的这部短篇小说处理方法谨严(exact)、注意时间和地点的统一(unite)，行文(a style of writing)简洁而内涵(intension)很深(deep)。另外，和极大多数巨著(a great work)一样，海明威的这篇小说读起来可有不止一层的意思。一方面，这是一个激动人心的带有悲剧性(tragedy)的冒险故事。故事讲到一个精神沮丧(depress)的老渔人，在他对职业的自豪感的支持之下，冒险远航至墨西哥湾流并在那里钓住了一条该水域中从未见过的最大的马林鱼。故事接着说到他孤零零地、在因奋力叉住这条大鱼而耗尽了力气之后，被迫投入一场和一群海盗似的鲨鱼的绝望的搏斗之中，结果是那些鲨鱼只给他留下了猎获物的一具骨架。另一方面，这又是一个寓言，它描述 (describe)了人所具有(possess)的不可征服(conquer)的精神力量——一个人如何从灾难和实际失败的环境中攫取精神上的胜利。再一方面，这是带有宗教意义的一种隐喻(a metaphor)，作者不引人注目地给这一主题添加了基督教(Christian)的一些象征和比喻。一种注意写实(writing or painting realistically)，有着动人的情节(plot)；另一种则侧重(to lay special emphasis on)道德说教，充满象征(badge)的意义。 Translation:(book reviews) This book tells us a story about a Cuban old man. He went fishing at sea on his own. After more than eighty four days , he fished an extremely large fish.The old man hadn ’t ever seen such a big fish that was two meters longer than his boat.The vigor of fish was so strong that it dragged the boat drifting for two days.During the two days,the ol d man experienced the difficulties that he had never met with. Finally,he stabbed it an d tied th e fish on the bow. However,he came across a shark. Then,the old man put up a good fight with a shark. As a result, the fish was eaten by the shark. So,the old man carried a bald fish skeleton and being hurt all over the body to reach home. But in the end, he attained admiration by people. The Old Man and the Sea is one of Hemingway's most immortal works. The book ma y very well become one of the true classics of this generation.Certainly, Ernest Hemin gway's short novel is processed exact , well united time and places and it’s style of wri ting is very deep. In addition, as the most great works, his novel contains not only one meaning. First of all,this is an exciting tragedy adventure story. Because I see a pictur e how an old man killed the large fish and fought a shark via his wisdom. Furthermore , it’s also a fable that describes a spirit strength ------ how a person achieved success fr