当前位置：文档视界 › 《沁园春·长沙》课文原文与同步练习

《沁园春·长沙》课文原文与同步练习

沁园春·长沙【1】

毛泽东

独立寒秋，湘江北去，橘子洲【2】头。看万山红遍，层林尽染【3】；漫江【4】碧透，百舸【5】争流。鹰击长空，鱼翔浅底【6】，万类霜天竞自由【7】。怅【8】寥廓【9】，问苍茫【10】大地，谁主【11】沉浮【12】？

携来百侣【13】曾游。忆往昔峥嵘岁月稠【14】。恰同学少年，风华正茂【15】；书生意气【16】，挥斥方遒。指点江山，激扬文字【17】，粪土当年万户侯【18】。曾记否，到中流【19】击水【20】，浪遏【21】飞舟？

1925年

【注释】

【1】选自《毛泽东诗词集》（中央文献出版社1996年版）。

【2】橘子洲：又名水陆洲，在长沙城西的湘江中。

【3】层林尽染：山上一层层的树林全都经霜变红，像染过一样。

【4】漫江：满江。漫，遍布。

【5】舸：大船。这里泛指船只。

【6】鹰击长空，鱼翔浅底：鹰在广阔的天上飞，鱼在清澈的水里游。击，搏击，这里形容飞得矫健有力。翔，本指鸟盘旋飞翔，这里形容鱼游得轻快自由。

【7】万类霜天竞自由：万物都在深秋竞相自由地活动。霜天，深秋天气。

【8】怅：失意，不畅快。这里用来表达由深思而引发的激昂慷慨的心绪。

【9】寥廓：指宇宙高远辽阔。

【10】苍茫：旷远迷茫。

【11】主：主宰。

【12】沉浮：这里指盛衰。

【13】百侣：众多同伴。侣，这里指同学。

【14】峥嵘岁月稠：不寻常的日子很多。峥嵘，不平凡、不寻常。稠，多。

【15】风华正茂：风采才华正盛。

【16】书生意气，挥斥方遒：同学们意气奔放，正强劲有力。挥斥，纵放、奔放。遒，强劲有力。【17】指点江山，激扬文字：评论国家大事，写出激浊扬清的文章。指点，评论。江山，指国家。激扬，激浊扬清，抨击恶浊，褒扬清明。

【18】粪土当年万户侯：意思是把当时的军阀官僚看得同粪土一样。粪土，视……如粪土，表鄙视。万户侯，本指食邑万户的封侯者，这里借指大军阀、大官僚。

【19】中流：江河水流中央。

【20】击水：指游泳。

【21】遏：阻止。

一、文学常识

1.作者简介

毛泽东（1893-1976），中国无产阶级革命家、政治家、军事家、理论家，中国共产党、中国人民解放军和中华人民共和国的主要缔造者，中国共产党和中国人民的伟大领袖，毛泽东思想的主要创立者。字润之，湖南湘潭韶山人。毛泽东也是杰出的诗人，有许多大气磅礴的诗作，主要作品有《毛泽东选集》《毛泽东军事文选》《毛泽东诗词》等。

2.文体常识

词是一种诗的别体，萌芽于，是时兴起的一种新的文学样式。到了，进入到词的全盛时期。词最初称为“”或者“”，别称有、、等，是配合宴乐乐曲而填写的歌词，是词的调子的名称，不同的词牌在句数、每句的字数、平仄上都有规定，“沁园春”是名，反映作品内容，长沙是词作的。依照篇幅的长短，词可以分成58字以内的，59-90字的和91字以上的。从风格流派上划分，大致可以分为以柳永、欧阳修等为代表的和以苏轼、辛弃疾为代表的的。汉字“”（què）是“停止”“终了”的意思，作为量词使用，一首词就称为一，一首词的一段亦称一，前一段称“”，后一段称“”。一般来讲，词的上阙偏重于写景，下阙偏重于，整首词借景抒情，构成了一个的艺术整体。

二、掌握字词

1.给下列词语中加点的字注音

沁．园春（）百舸．（）怅．寥廓

．．（）（）

．．（）（）（）峥嵘

岁月稠．（）方遒．（）浪遏．（）

2.根据注音补全词语

zhōu qiǎn jìng cāng yì

橘子（）鱼翔（）底（）自由（）茫（）气hóu

万户（）

三、知识点归纳

写出下句中加点字的词类活用现象

粪土当年万户侯粪土：

四、文本精读

（一）选择题

1.下列加点字的读音完全相同的一项是（）

A.百舸．孟轲．沉疴．枝柯．

B.怅．惘蚊帐．苌．弘伥．鬼

C.峥．嵘狰．狞挣．扎风筝．

D.寥廓．城郭．敦．厚淳．朴

2.下面加点词的解释都正确的一项是（）

A.挥斥

．．（力量）方遒怅．（失意）寥廓漫．（满）江

B.浪遏．（阻止）飞舟主．（主宰）沉浮鹰击．（搏击）长空

C.百侣．（同伴）激扬

．．．（地位很高的人）

．．（激浊扬清）万户侯

D.击水

．．（不平凡）岁月稠．（多）

．．（击打水）峥嵘

3.下列各组词语，书写全都正确的一项是（）

A.指点书生义气挥诉方遒风华正茂

B.苍茫鱼翔浅底浪遏飞洲峥嵘岁月

C.霜天百舸争流独立寒秋激扬文字

D.寥廓橘子州头漫江碧透层林尽染

4.下列诗句朗读节奏有错误的一项是（）

A.携来/百侣/曾游，忆/往昔/增容岁月/稠

B.问/苍茫/大地，谁主/沉浮

C.看/万山/红遍，层林/尽染

D.指点/江山，激扬文字，粪土/当年/万户侯

5.下列对《沁园春·长沙》中所使用的修辞手法的分析正确的一项是（）

A.“粪土当年万户侯”，“万户侯”是比喻大军阀、大地主、大官僚。

B.“指点江山，激扬文字”是借代的修辞手法。“江山”代国家；“激扬文字”代评论国家大事，激浊扬清的文章。

C.“怅寥廓，问苍茫大地，谁主沉浮？”运用了反问和拟人的修辞手法。

D.“看万山红遍，层林尽染”运用了夸张和借代的修辞手法。

6.下列对《沁园春·长沙》这首词的用字的分析，有误的一项是（）

A.“看万山红遍，层林尽染”，其中“遍”字写出了红之广，“染”字则活画了岳麓山一带枫林的红色仿佛人工染成的。

B.“漫江碧透，百舸争流”，其中“透”字写出江水碧绿清澈和江水满溢之状，“争”活现出千帆竞发的热烈场面。

C.“鹰击长空”的“击”字准确地描绘出苍鹰展翅、矫健勇猛的雄姿。

D.“鱼翔浅底”的“翔”字精当地描绘出游鱼在水中自如轻快的状态。

7.对下面的句子分析有误的一项是（）

曾记否，到中流击水，浪遏飞舟？

A.强大的反动势力试图阻止革命航船的前进，但它终将螳臂当车，可笑不自量。

B.结尾的定格造像给人以深刻的印象，表现了革命者决心扭转乾坤的壮志豪情。

C.回顾往昔，以问句收束，即是激励，更是前瞻，气势雄阔而豪迈。

D.虚实相映，激人想象，以游水搏浪之实来写人生奋斗之虚，颇有双关之妙。

8.下列文学常识的表述，不正确的一项是（）

A.诗歌在形式上以行为单位，分行的主要依据是节奏，而不是内容。

B.《沁园春·长沙》，“沁园春”是词牌名，它从形式上规定了词的字数、平仄等，与内容无关；“长沙”是标题，揭示了有关内容。

C.词是我国古代一种可以配乐歌唱、句式长短不齐的诗体。又名长短句、诗余、曲子词等，它始于唐盛于宋。

D.古人按字数把词分为小令（58字以内）、中调（59-90字）和长调（91字以上）；但无论多少字，多分为上下两阙。

9.对《沁园春·长沙》中的语句解释不正确的一项是（）

A.“层林尽染”是说山上一层层的枫树叶经霜变红，像是染过一样。

B.“万类霜天竞自由”是说一切生物都在秋光中争过自由自在的生活。

C.“书生意气，挥斥方遒”是说，读书人最讲意气，非常豪爽。挥洒自如，一点都不吝惜。

D.“到中流击水，浪遏飞舟”，是说当年我们在江中游泳，激起的波浪，几乎阻止了飞快前进的船。

10.下列诗句都是描写秋景的，与《沁园春·长沙》意境相似的一项是（）

A.枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家。古道西风瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。

B.自古逢秋悲寂寥，我言秋日胜春朝。晴空一鹤排云上，便引诗情到碧霄。

C.风急天高猿啸哀，渚清沙白鸟飞回，无边落木萧萧下，不尽长江滚滚来。

D.秋风萧瑟天气凉，草木摇落露为霜。群燕辞归雁南翔，念君客游思断肠。

（二）主观题

1.理解性默写

《沁园春·长沙》开篇描绘了寒秋独立图：“，，。”受词牌平仄规律的限制，这是倒装句，语序正常的表述应该是：“，，。”“看”是上阙的领字，统领而下的句子包括：“，；，。

，，。”这七句，为下面的抒情提供了背景，烘托了气氛。“，，？”这一问道出了词人的雄心壮志，表现了他的博大胸怀，由写景直接转入抒怀，自然带出下阙。

“。。”两句是作者在深情回忆曾经的战斗岁月，在词作结构上称为过片，就是过渡的意思。接着，以“恰”为领字，“，；，。

，，。”来抒写年龄气质、精神状态和战斗的行动，形象地概括了早期革命者雄姿英发的战斗风貌和豪迈气概。而“，，？”三句则形象含蓄地给出了“谁主沉浮”的答案：主宰国家命运的，是以天下为己任、蔑视反动统治者、敢于改造旧世界的革命青年。

2.全词最重要的两个领字是：和。

3.本词以作者的活动为主体，请找出表现全词线索的动词。

4.全词共有几幅画面？各取一个小标题。

5.在上阙中，作者主要选取了哪些意象？描绘了怎样的画面？抒发了怎样的情感？

（1）选取的意象：

（2）描绘的画面：

（3）抒发的情感：

6.“怅寥廓，问苍茫大地，谁主沉浮？”这一设问表现了作者怎样的精神或胸怀？

7.“携来百侣曾游。忆往昔峥嵘岁月稠”在全词结构中起什么作用？

8.“同学少年”有着什么样的形象？请根据提示填写下表。

新概念英语第四册原文翻译详细笔记

Finding fossil man 发现化?石?人 Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful? We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.　读到flint 打?火?石anthropomorphic ?人格化拟1anthropo ?人类的让步?一?一trace back date back read of read about a trace of ?一些

新概念第四册课文[新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson43、44、45】]

新概念第四册课文[新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson43、44、45】] 【导语】新概念英语作为一套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课文内容和全面的技能训练，深受广大英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。为了方便同学们的学习，大为大家了最全面的新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记，希望为大家的新概念英语学习提供帮助! First listen and then answer the following question. What does the "uniquely rational way" for us to municate with other intelligent beings in space depend on? We must conclude from the work of those who have studied the origin of life, that given a pla only approximately like our own, life is almost certain to start. Of all the plas in our solar system, we ware now pretty certain the Earth is the only one on which life can survive. Mars is too dry and poor in oxygen, Venus far too hot, and so is Mercury, and the outer plas have temperatures near absolute zero and hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. But other suns, start as the astronomers call them, are bound to have plas like our own, and

新概念英语第四册课文word版

—－可编辑修改，可打印—— 别找了你想要的都有！精品教育资料——全册教案，，试卷，教学课件，教学设计等一站式服务—— 全力满足教学需求，真实规划教学环节最新全面教学资源，打造完美教学模式

Lesson1 We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.

新概念英语第四册原文翻译详细笔记

The modern city 现代城市 In the organization of industrial life the in?uence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the arti?cial mode of existence imposed by the factory. The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants of?ces and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edi?ces and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants. ?一理理的代 ?人造的?生存?方式隺加规模 I 平庸的 ?一倒夺巨?大的?大厦南满拥塞without any idea of 完全忽视without giving any consideration to

新概念英语第四册课文：Lesson4

新概念英语第四册课文：Lesson4 【课文】 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 How did Vera discover she had this gift of second sight? Several cases have been reported in Russia recently of people who can read and detect colours with their fingers, and even see through solid doors and walls. One case concerns an eleven-year-old schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls. This ability was first noticed by her father. One day she came into his office and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe. Suddenly she asked her father why he kept so many old newspapers locked away there, and even described the way they were done up in bundles. Vera's curious talent was brought to the notice of a scientific research institute in the town of Ulyanovsk, near where she lives, and in April she was given a series of tests by a special commission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federal Republic. During these tests she was able to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and, stranger still, by moving her elbow over a child's game of Lotto she was able to describe the figures and colours printed on it; and, in another instance, wearing stockings and slippers, to make out with her foot the outlines and colours of a picture hidden under a carpet. Other experiments showed that her knees and

新概念英语4-课文

NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH (IV) (new version) 2 Lesson 1 Finding Fossil man We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only w ay that they can preserve their history is torecount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellersto another. These legends are useful because they can tell us somethin g aboutmigrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesianpeoples now living in th e Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these peopleexplain that some of them came from Indo nesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that ev en theirsagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient me n made tools of stone, especially flint, becausethis is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used woodand skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tool s oflong ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. 3 Lesson 2 Spare that spider Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends ? Because they destroy somany insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the humanrace. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they woulddevour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protectionwe get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts wh o eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never dothe least harm to us or our bel ongings.Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.One can t ell the difference almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legsand an insect never more th an six.How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf ? One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, andhe estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre, that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a f ootball pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content wi th only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spi ders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the c ountry.T. H. GILLESPIE Spare that Spider from The Listene Lesson 3 Matterhorn man Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them goodsport, and the more

新概念第四册课文打印版

`课文1 发现化石人 1. We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. 我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字。 2. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. 但直到现在,世界上有些地方，人们还不会书写。 3. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of story tales to another. 他们保存历史的唯一办法是将历史当作传说讲述，由讲述人一代接一代地将史实描述为传奇故事口传下来。 4. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, 这些传说是有用的，因为他们告诉我们很久以前生活在这里的移民的一些事情。 5. but none could write down what they did. 但是没有人能写下来。 6. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. 人类学家过去不清楚如今生活在太平洋诸岛上的波利尼西亚人的祖先来自何方， 7. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. 当地人的传说却告诉人们：其中一部分是约在2,000年前从印度尼西亚迁来的。 8. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas,if they had any, are forgotten. 但是，和我们相似的原始人生活的年代太久远了，因此，有关他们的传说既使有如今也失传了。 9. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from. 于是，考古学家们既缺乏历史记载，又无口头传说来帮助他们弄清最早的“现代人”是从哪里来的。 10. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, 然而，幸运的是，远古人用石头制作了工具，特别是用燧石， 11. because this is easier to shape than other kinds. 因为燧石较之其他石头更容易成形。 12. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. 他们也可能用过木头和兽皮，但这类东西早已腐烂殆尽。 13. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. 石头是不会腐烂的。因此，尽管制造这些工具的人的骨头早已荡然无存，但远古时代的石头工具却保存了下来。 $课文2 不要伤害蜘蛛 14. Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends? 你可能会觉得奇怪，蜘蛛怎么会是我们的朋友呢？ 15. Because they destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race. 因为它们能消灭那么多的昆虫，其中包括一些人类的大敌， 16. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; 昆虫就会使我们无法在地球上生活下去， 17. they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, 昆虫会吞食我们的全部庄稼，杀死我们的成群的牛羊。 18. if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. 要不是人类受一些食虫动物的保护， 19. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number dest royed by spiders. 我们要十分感谢那些吃昆虫的鸟和兽，然而把它们所杀死的昆虫全部加在一起也只相当于蜘蛛所消灭的一小部分。 20. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings. 此外，蜘蛛不同于其他食虫动物，它们丝毫不危害我们和我们的财物。 21. Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. 许多人认为蜘蛛是昆虫，但它们不是昆虫，甚至与昆虫毫无关系。 22. One can tell the difference almost at a glance, 人们几乎一眼就能看出二者的差异， 23. for a spider always has eight legs and insect never more than six. 因为蜘蛛都是8条腿，而昆虫的腿从不超过6条。 24. How many spiders are engaged in this work no our behalf? 有多少蜘蛛在为我们效力呢？ 25. One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in grass field in the south of England, 一位研究蜘蛛的权威对英国南部一块草坪上的蜘蛛作了一次调查。 26. and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre; 他估计每英亩草坪里有225万多只蜘蛛。 27. that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. 这就是说，在一个足球场上约有600万只不同种类的蜘蛛。 28. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. 蜘蛛至少有半年在忙于吃昆虫。 29. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, 它们一年中消灭了多少昆虫，我们简直无法猜测， 30. but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. 它们是吃不饱的动物，不满意一日三餐。 31. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country. 据估计，在英国蜘蛛一年里所消灭昆虫的重量超过这个国家人口的总重量。 $课文3 马特霍恩山区人 32. Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport,

新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson46.doc

新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson46 【课文】 Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs in civilized society. Without it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in state of chaos. Only in a sparsely-populated rural community is it possible to disregard it. In ordinary living, there can be some tolerance of unpunctuality. The intellectual, who is working on some abstruse problem, has everything coordinated and organized for the matter in hand. He is therefore forgiven if late for a dinner party. But people are often reproached for unpunctuality when their only fault is cutting things fine. It is hard for energetic, quick-minded people to waste time, so they are often tempted to finish a job before setting out to keep an appointment. If no accidents occur on the way, like punctured tires, diversions of traffic, sudden descent of fog, they will be on time. They are often more industrious, useful citizens than those who are never late. The over- punctual can be as much a trial to others as the unpunctual. The guest who arrives half an hour too soon is the greatest nuisance. Some friends of my family had this irritating habit. The only thing to do was ask them to come half an hour later than the other guests. Then they arrived just when we wanted them. If you are citing a train, it is always better to be comfortably early than even a fraction of a minted too late. Although being early may mean wasting a little time, this will be less than if you miss the train and have to wait an hour or more for the next one; and you avoid the frustration

新概念英语第四册课文翻译：Lesson9

新概念英语第四册课文翻译：Lesson9【课文】 Alfred the Great acted as his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel. In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere. They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport. Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring. While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders. These had settled down for the winter at Chippenham： thither Alfred went. He noticed at once that discipline was slack： the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual. They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions. There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft. Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney. The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde. But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle： and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids. So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy. He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him. His patrols halted the raiding parties： hunger assailed the Danish army. Now Alfred

新概念英语第四册第二十单元课文原文

新概念英语第四册第二十单元课文原文 Lesson 20 Snake poison 蛇毒How it came about that snakes manufactured poison is a mystery. Over the periods their saliva, a mild, digestive juice like our own, was converted into a poison that defies analysis even today. It was not forced upon them by the survival competition; they could have caught and lived on prey without using poison just as the thousands of non-poisonous snakes still do. Poison to a snake is merely a luxury; it enables it to get its food with very little effort, no more effort than one bite. And why only snakes ? Cats, for instance, would be greatly helped; no running rights with large, fierce rats or tussles with grown rabbits just a bite and no more effort needed. In fact it would be an assistance to all the carnivorae--though it would be a two-edged weapon -When they fought each other. But, of the vertebrates, unpredictable Nature selected only snakes (and one lizard). One wonders also why Nature, with some snakes concocted poison of such extreme potency. In the conversion of saliva into poison one might suppose that a fixed process took place. It did not; some

新概念英语第四册第三单元课文原文(句型翻译)

Lesson 3 Matterhorn man 马特霍恩山区人Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal--the top! It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could--sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheesemakers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed. 【句型名称】累进比较【课文原句】Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. 【闯关练习】 The harder you work at your study, the better academic records you will have. 你学习越努力，你的成绩就越好。 The more we have, the more we want. 人欲无穷。 The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙碌，越感到高兴。 The happier you are about yourself and your life, the healthier you will be. 对自己、对生活越满意，就越健康。 The less effort you put into the work, the less you will achieve. 在工作中，你所付出的努力越少，