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(完整版)初一英语语法与词汇解析(人教版)

(完整版)初一英语语法与词汇解析(人教版)
(完整版)初一英语语法与词汇解析(人教版)

初一英语语法与词汇解析(人教版)

一短语识记:

a photo of一张……的照片; a set of keys一副钥匙;sports collection体育收藏品;family photo全家福照片;family tree家谱;first name名字;Frenchfries薯条;healthy food健康食品;ID card身份证;1ast name/family name姓氏;

play sports做运动;pencil sharpener铅笔刀;running star跑步明星;

tennis racket网球拍; watch TV看电视;telephone number/phone number电话号码;

video tape录像带;lost and found失物招领;thanks for为……而感谢;

a lot of/lots of许多,大量;behind the sofa在沙发后面;in the drawer在抽屉里;on the floor/table在地板,桌子上;On the dresser在梳妆台上;under the bed在床下;

bring…to…把……带(来)到……;call sb (at...)给某人打电话;

play baseball/basketball打棒球/篮球;play computer games玩电子游戏;

sound good听起来很好;take…to…把……带(去)到……;watch…on TV在电视上看

action movie动作片;basketball/volleyball game篮球,排球赛;Beijing Opera京剧:

birthday party生日聚会;English speech contest英语演讲比赛;movie star电影明星;

school day学校上课日;school trip学校旅行;summer camp夏令营;

talent show才艺表演;…year(s)old……岁(年龄); a little少量;

at a very good price以很好的价钱;at home在家;at school在学校;in the morning在上午;

in the afternoon在下午;in the evening在傍晚/晚上;on sale出售;on weekends 在周末;

do one’s homework~做作业;eat/have breakfast/lunch/dinner吃早/午/晚饭;

get to到达;get up起床;go home回家;go to a movie去看电影;

go to bed上床睡觉;go to school去上学;go to work去上班;help with在……(方面)帮助;

learn about了解有关……;listen to听……;look at/have a look at看一看……;

play chess下棋;play the guitar/trumpet/violin/drum弹吉他/吹喇叭,拉小提琴,敲鼓;play with…和……;speak English说英语;take a shower淋浴,洗漂;

take the number 17 bus乘17路公共汽车;how much(价钱)多少;how old多大年记;what time几点,什么时候

二复习本册主要内容,包括话题、词汇、句型及语法:

一词汇分类记忆

1. school things ( 学习及相关用品):pencil pen book eraser ruler math book pencil case pencil sharpener backpack notebook computer watch key ring CD video cassette alarm clock ID card

2. family members (家庭成员):mother father parent sister brother grandmother grandfather grandparent uncle aunt cousin

3. furniture (家具) : table bed dresser bookcase sofa chair

4. sports and entertainment ( 运动与娱乐) : baseball basketball volleyball soccer bat tennis dance swimming paint play chess play the guitar

5. food(食物): hamburgers tomatoes broccoli oranges salad bananas eggs carrots apples chicken fruit vegetable breakfast lunch dinner French fries ice cream

6. clothes(衣物) : hat socks pants shorts sweater bag T-shirt

7. number(数词) :cardinal(基数词) / ordinal(序数词)

one / first two / second three / third four / fourth five / fifth six / sixth seven / seventh eight / eighth nine / ninth ten / tenth eleven / eleventh twelve / twelfth thirteen / thirteenth fourteen / fourteenth fifteen / fifteenth nineteen / nineteenth twenty / twentieth

twenty-one/ twenty-first thirty / thirtieth

8. month(月份) : January February March April May June July Au-gust September October November December

9. week (星期) : Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

10. movies(电影) : action movie comedy romance thriller

11. musical instrument ( 乐器):guitar drum piano trumpet violin

12. subject(科目) : math science history art Chinese English Spanish Portuguese Korean French physical education(P.E.)

13. countries and cities ( 国家与城市): Canada New Zealand Japan Australia Mexico Brazil Argentina

Seoul the United States the United Kingdom South Korea New York Mexico City Tokyo

14. daily life( 日常生活): run clean read get up eat / have breakfast /lunch / supper go to school do homework / housework watch TV go to bed take a shower

15. adjectives ( 形容词) : interesting boring fun difficult relaxing scary

funny exciting sad great

二主要语法项目

1.be动词的一般现在时形式

be动词的现在式有am,is,are三种形式,原形均为be, 因此称它们为be动词。

be动词在一般现在时的句子当中,通常构成主系表句型, 表示当前所存在的状态, 句型如下:

肯定句:主语+be动词+其他e.g.I am a teacher.

否定句:主语+be动词+not+其他e.g.He isn’t a student.

疑问句:Be动词+主语+其他e.g.Are you a soccer player?

be动词的三种不同的形式分别接在不同的主语后面,第一人称单数I am,第一人称复数we are.第二人称单复数you are, 第三人称的单数she/he/it is,第三人称复数they are。注意下列缩写形式:

is not=isn’t are not=aren’t

I am not=I’m not

You are=You’re It is=It’s

看下列例句:

(1)It is not a book./It isn’t a book.-

(2)一Is Mary a nurse? 一Yes, she is.

2 do/does引导的一般疑问句、否定句及肯定、否定回答

be动词(am,is,are)、助动词、情态动词以外的动词称为行为动词。行为动词通常用于主谓宾句型当中作谓语,表示一定的动作。在否定句和疑问句中,要加助动词d0/does,这和be动词不同。

句型如下:

肯定句:主语+动词(第三人称单数时, 动词一s/-es)

否定句:主语+do/does not(don’t/doesn’t)+动词

一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词?

e.g.

(1) You go to school every day.

(2) She likes singing very much.

(3) I don’t watchTv at home.

(4) He doesn’t study hard.

(5)一Do you have an examination in English? 一Yes, I do.

(6)一Does she walk to school? 一No, she doesn’t.

3.人称代词、物主代词用法巧记和提示

巧学妙记

1.人称代词的用法口诀

人称代词分两格, 主格宾格来分说;主格定把主语做,宾格作宾不会错。如:

He teaches us English.

2.物主代词用法口诀

物主代词两类型, 形容词性、名词性。形容词性作定语, 后面定把名词用①; 名词性, 独立用,主宾表语它都扮②

①形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特性,在句中用作定语,后面必须接名词。如:

Our teacher is a young woman.

②名词性物主代词应独立使用.后面不跟名词。相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。它在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。如:

Her English is better than mine.Her作定语,mine=my English。

提示

当几个不同的人称代词作主语时。它们的排列顺序通常是:

①单数为:you,he/she and I如:

You, she and I are good friends.我、你和她都是好朋友。

Mary and I are in Class One.我和玛丽在一班。’

②复数为:we, you and they如:

We, you and they all enjoymusic.我们、你们和他们都喜欢音乐。

但如果是做错了事,当事人应承担责任时,通常把第一人称放在最前面。如:

一Who broke the window? —I and Mike.

这正是:单数人称2、3、l,复数人称l、2、3。麻烦事情“我”站前, 其他人称没意见。

4. 情态动词梳理归纳can(could), may(might), must, have to, need, should

Can 1.表示主观能力,意为“能;会”。其否定形式为cannot=can’to如:

He can/can’t swim.

2.表示请求、许可,常用于“Can I…?”,意为“我可以……吗?”。比较口语化。如:Can I play football after I finish doing my homework?

3.表示推测,常用于否定和疑问句中。如:

Look at the name on the bag.It can’t be Lily’s.

Where can it be?

May 1.表示请求、许可,意为“可以”。如:

May I have a look at your CD player?

2.表示可能性(说话人的猜测),常用于肯定句中。如:

Your friend may be waiting for you now.

相关链接:

1.may引起的一般疑问句,其肯定回答多用“Yes,please.”或“Of course/Certainly.”;其否定回答多用“Please don’t.”或“No,youmustn’t.”。如:

—May I smoke here?

一Yes.please./No.you mustn’t.

2.might是may的过去式,可用于间接引语中指过去。如:,

He told me that it might be true.

3.might也可用于指现在,但语气比may较委婉,含义更不确定。如:

That might be quite expensive.

Must 1.表示说话人的主观意志,意为“必须”,这种“必须”多出于义务、责任或强制命令。如:You must do it yourself.

2.表示推测,意为“一定”,语气较肯定,只用于肯定句中。如:

Look at our neighbor’s new car.They must earn a lot of money.

相关链接:

1.对must引起的一般疑问句,作肯定回答佣must,但作否定回答要用needn’t。如:

-- Must I wash the clothes now?

一Yes,you must. / No,you needn’t.

2.must的否定式为must not/mustn’t,意为“不允许;禁止”。如:

The children mustn’t play football in the street.

Have to 1.表示客观需要,意为“不得不”。有人称、时态和数的变化。如:

He has to wait for DrWang in the office.

2.have to的否定和疑问形式要借助于助动词do/does/did构成。如:

Why do you have to work so hard?

Need 用作情态动词时,意为“需要”,主要用于否定和疑问句中。如:

You needn’t worry about her.

Need you go to school now?

相关链接:

1.need引起的一般疑问旬,其肯定回答要用must,而否定回答要用needn’t。如:

一Need I take the camera to your house?

一Yes,you must./No,you needn’t.

2.need还可以作实义动词,除了有人称、时态和数的变化外,其否定和疑问形式要借助于助动词do/does/did构成。如:

He needed to escape.

I don’t need anything special.

3.need作实义动词时,后面既可以跟v—ing形式也可以跟动词不定式。

Should 表示道义上或责任上的“应该”。可用于各种句式。如:

You should call the pohce if you see something unusual.

You shouldn’t make such a foolish decision.

Unit One

1. How often do you exercise ? →How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语+ do sth. ? 疑问词how often是问频率(多经常), 在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用Every day / Once a week / Twice a month / Three times a month / Three or four times a month .

2. What do you usually do on weekends ? 第一个do 为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用;而第二个do 则是实义动词。I usually play soccer .

3. What’s your favorite program ? It’s Animal World .

4. What do students do at Green High School ? 第一个do 为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用;而第二个do 则是实义动词。

5. As for homework , most students do homework every day . as for...意思是“至于;关于”,常用于句首作状语,其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式(即动名词)。如:

As for him,I never want to see him here. 至于他,我永远不希望在这里见到。

As for the story,you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事,你最好不要相信。

6. The results for “ watch TV ” are interesting .

7. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her . →want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事”;want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如:

Do you want to go to the movies with me?你想和我一起去看电影吗?

The teacher doesn't want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。

8. She says it’s good for my health . →be good for...表示“对……有益(有好处)”。其反义为:be bad for...。(这里for 是介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词)如:

It's good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。

Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。

9. How many hours do you sleep every night ?

10. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .

11. My eating habits are pretty good . 这里pretty相当于very 。

12. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week . →try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”,不包含是否成功的意思/ try doing sth. 表示“(用某一办法)试着去做某事”。如:You’d better try doing the experiment in another way. 你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。

13. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades . →help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事

14. Good food and exercise help me to study better . →help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事/ 这里better是well的比较级,而不是good的比较级

15. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different ? =Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from your lifestyle ? →be the same as …/ be different from …

16. I think I’m kind of unhealthy . kind of = a little / a kind of 意思是“一种”

17. What sports do you play ?

18. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health . keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy

19. You must try to eat less meat . →try to do sth. 表示“尽力做某事”, 不包含是否成功的意思/ less是little的比较级

20. That sounds interesting. 这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound(听起来),look (看起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(觉得),seem(好象),grow(变得), get(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。如:

It tastes good. 这味道好。

The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。

The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。

Unit Two

1. What’s the matter ? What’s the mater with you ? with为介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词。人称代词必须用它的宾格。

I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache

2. You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor .

3. I’m not felling well . 这里well表示身体状况,不能用good代替

4. When did it start ? About two days ago .

5. That’s too bad .

6. I hope you fell better soon . 这里better是well的比较级

7. Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy . 这里to be healthy是动词不定式短语,作目的状语

8. Maybe you have too much yin . too much后跟不可数名词,而too many后跟可数名词复数

9. It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and it’s important to eat a balanced diet . →It’s easy to do sth . 做某事容易/ It’s important to do sth . 做某事重要

10. Everyone gets tired sometimes . 这里get连系动词,tired是形容词作表语,属系表结构

11. A sore throat can give you a fever . →give sb. sth . = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人

12. Don’t get stressed out. It’s not healthy . 在这里get是连系动词,stressed out是表语

13. I have a toothache . I need to see a dentist . →need意思为“需要”,作实义动词时,后跟动词不定式,否定式为don’t /doesn’t / didn’t need (to do sth.) ;作情态动词时,只能用于否定句或疑问句中,否定式为needn’t(do sth.) ,除有过去式外,没有其它的形态变化

14. Eat a balanced diet to stay healthy . to stay healthy是动词不定式短语,作目的状语

15. I’m not feeling very well at the moment . at the moment = now

Unit Three

1. What are you doing for vacation ? I’m babysitting my sister .

Where are you going for vacation ? Italy .

这是现在进行时的一种比较特殊的用法,用来表示按计划或安排要做的事情,现在还没有去

做。

2. Who are you going with ? I’m going with my parents . with my parents是介词短语,在这里作伴随状语,起修饰谓语动词are going的作用

3. When are you going ? I’m going on Monday .

4. What are you doing there ? I’m going hiking in the mountains .

5. How long are you staying ? Just for four days . I don’t like going away for too long .疑问词hwo long是对时间长短或事物的长度提问,在这里是对时间的长短进行提问。

6. Have a good time . = Enjoy oneself . 玩得开心、愉快

7. Show me your photos when we get back to school . →show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 把某给某人看

8. I’m going to Hawaii for vacation . for vacation是介词短语,在这里作目的状语,起修饰谓语动词的作用

9. What’s it like there ? 这里like是介词,而不是动词

10. Can I ask you some questions about your vacation plans ? →ask sb. sth . 问某人某事

11. Ben Lambert , the famous French singer , is taking a long vacation this summer ! →take a vacation 度假

12. He thought about going to Greece or Spain , but decided on Canada . →think about 考虑/ decide on 决定这里的about和on都是介词

13. “I always take vacation in Europe ,”he said . “This time I want to do something different .”→(1). want to do sth. (2). 修饰不定代词(something , nothing , anything等)的定语常放在不定代词的后面

14. He plans to have a very relaxing vacation . →plan to do sth. 计划做某事

15. I’m planning to spend time in the beautiful countryside .

16. I just finished making my last movies . →finish doing sth. 完成做某事

17. I hear that Thailand is a good place to go sightseeing . to go sightseeing是动词不定式短语,作a good place的后置定语

18. She’s leaving for Hong Kong on Tuesday . →leave A for B 离开A地去B地

19. I want to ask you about places to visit China . to visit China是动词不定式短语,作places的后置定语

20. I’m planning my vacation to Italy this weekend . to Italy是动词不定式短语,作my vacation 的后置定语

21. What should tourists take with them ? with them是介词短语,在这里作伴随状语,起修饰谓语动词take的作用

22. Where are you leaving from ? leave from 离开某地(注:from是介词)

Unit Four

1. How do you get to school ? 疑问词how 在这里是对方式进行提问

I ride my bike / walk / take the subway . By bike / bicycle / bus / train / subway / taxi / air / plane / ship / boat . On foot .

How do I get there ? 因there是副词,所以不能说get to there Don’t worry . Let me look at your map . Ok , first …, next …. Then ….

2. How long does it take ? 疑问词hwo long是对时间长短或事物的长度提问

It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus .

How long does t take you to get from home to school ?

It takes twenty-five minutes . →take sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人……时间做某事

3. Lin Fei’s home is about Kilometers from school .

4. How far is it from your home to school ? It’s three miles .

How far do you live from school ? I live 10 miles from school .

疑问词how far在这里是对距离进行提问

5. In other parts of the world , things are different .

6. In China , it depends on where you are . →depend on 视……而定;决定于

7. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus .

8. In North America , not all students take the bus to school . not all是部分否定,意思是并不是所有的;不是全部的

9. Other parts of the world are different from the United States .

10. A small number of students take the subway . →a number of = many 许多

11. What do you think of the transportation in your town ? →think of 对……有某种看法

12. When it rains I take a taxi .

13. I have a map but in Chinese .

14. If you have a problem , you can ask a policeman .

Unit Five

1. Can you come to my party ?

Sure , I’d love(like) to . / I’m sorry , I can’t . I have to help my parents .

Can you play tennis with me ?

情态动词can在这里起征求对方意见的作用。

2. I have too much homework this weekend . too much后跟不可数名词;too many后跟可数名词复数

3. That’s too bad .

4. Maybe another time .

5. Thanks for asking . for介词,后跟名词,代词或动名词

6. Come and have fun . / Come and join us .

7. On Wednesday , I’m playing tennis with the school team .

8. I have to study for my science test on Thursday . have to强调客观原因;而must强调主观原因

9. Please keep quiet ! I’m trying to study . →try to do sth. 表示“尽力做某事”, 不包含是否成功的意思

10. Do you want to come to my birthday party ? →want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事”

11. Li Lei is going fishing with grandpa the whole day . the whole day = all day 整天

12. Can you come over to my house ?

13. I’m free till 22:00 .

Unit Six

1. I’m more outgoing than my sister . →主语+ 动词+ 形容词比较级别+ than + 比较对象

2. As you can see , in some ways we look the same , and in some ways we look different .

3. However , we both enjoy going to parties . →enjoy doing sth. = like doing sth. 喜欢做某事

4. Liu Li has more than one sister . more than 不止

5. Liu Li and Liu Ying have some things in common . →in common (团体)共同的;公有的

6. Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister . as …as 和……一样(其中as…as之间的形容词必须用原级);它的否定式是:not as(so) …as

7. Liu Ying talks more than Liu Li . 这里more是much的比较级,而不是many的比较级

8. Both girls go to lots of parties . lots of = a lot of 许多

9. My friend is the same as me . →be the same as …与……一样/ be different from …与……不同

10. I think a good friend makes me laugh . →make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

11. For me , a good friend likes to do the same things as me . →like to do sth.

12. That’s not very important for me ….

13. What’s your opinion ?

14. Should friends be different or the same ? same前常有定冠词the

15. I like to have friends who are like me . / I like to have friends who are different from me . →like to do sth.中的like 是动词,意思是“喜欢”;而are like me 中的like 是介词,意思是“像”。要注意区别like的词性。

16. I’m quieter than most of the kids in my class .

17. We both like doing the same things . →like doing sth. 喜欢做某事

18. Who do you think should get the job , Ruth or Rose ?

19. You must be good with children / enjoy telling jokes . →be good with sb. 对某人好;与某人相处融洽/ enjoy doing = like doing sth. 喜欢做某事

20. He can’t stop talking . →stop doing sth. 意为“停止(正在)做的事情”,doing在句中是stop的宾语。如:When the teacher came in , the students stopped talking and laugh . 老师走了进来,学生们停止了谈笑。/ stop to do sth. 意为“停下(正在做的事)去做某事”,动词不定式短语to do sth.在句中作动词stop 的目的状语。如:He stopped to write a letter to her . 他停下手边的工作,给她写信。

21. He always helps others .

22. She likes to stay at home and read . →like to do sth. 喜欢做某事/ stay at home 呆在家里

Review of units 1-6

1. You use milk to make cheese and you can drink it , too . 动词不定式短语to make cheese在这里作目的状语,修饰use milk

2. A part of your body beginning with “a ”. →begin with 以……开始(注意:with是介词)

3. The opposite of short is long or tall .

4. The neck is between your head and your body . →between …and 在……和……之间

5. Carrots , onions and peppers are all vegetables . →all用于三者或三者以上;both用于两者。同时要注意它们在句中的位置,即位于连系动词(be),助动词(be , will , shall , should 等),情态动词(can , may , must , have to等)的后面;其它动词的前面。

6. I like reading books in my free time . like doing sth. 喜欢做某事/ in one’s free time 在空余时间

7. I feel terrible , doctor . 在这里feel是连系动词,terrible是形容词作表语,feel terrible是系表结构作复合谓语

8. I usually relax in my swimming pool .

9. I’m very excited to be taking a vacation around China ! →be excited to do sth. 做某事很激

10. Who is more athletic , Gao Yan or Li Tong ?

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