浙江2020高考英语阅读理解：词义猜测题讲解及选练

浙江2020高考英语阅读理解--词义猜测题讲解及选练（含答案）

高考英语阅读理解常考点分析

阅读理解试题常采用以下四种题型：

1. 考查考生快速捕捉信息、处理信息的能力(细节理解题)；

2. 考查考生对某个词或词语的理解能力(词义猜测题) ；

3. 考查考生对文章主旨大意或段落大意的概括能力(主旨大意题)；

4. 考查考生对文章的隐含意义、延伸意义的推理判断能力(推理判断题)。

【词义猜测题】

Ⅰ. 利用同义词或近义词来猜测词义。

有时，为了避免重复，作者会运用不同的词来表述同一意思。此时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，此时可以从该熟悉的词语或结构中推知生词的含义。这种情况下，通常在生词和与其同义或近义的词或短语之间有表并列关系的词and或or等。

Ⅱ. 利用反义词或句子中的转折关系猜测词义。

反义词同样能够帮助我们理解生词的含义，像although，but，while，however，otherwise，on the other hand等词或词组通常是反义词线索的标志。

Ⅲ. 根据定义和解释猜测词义。

有些文章中尽管出现了生词，但作者可能会以某种方式对该生词进行解释，如利用means，or，that is to say，that is，in other words，namely等释义性词或短语来进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语、同位语从句、定语从句等来解释。

Ⅳ. 利用举例说明猜测词义。

有时，有些生词没有给出直接的解释，而是在其后举了一些相关的例子进行说明。我们可以对这些例子进行归纳，即使不能完全猜测出生词的确切含义，也能猜测出其大致意思。常见的表示举例说明的词和短语有：like，for example，for instance，such as，such ... as等。

Ⅴ. 利用上下文语境猜测词义。

猜测任何一个生词或短语的含义都离不开上下文的语境，此时就要求我们通过上下文来对该生词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。

Ⅵ. 利用词义搭配猜测词义。

句子中的某个单词总是和其它的词或短语相关联，我们可以通过这些前后关联的词或短语来猜测该生词的含义。

Ⅶ. 利用因果关系猜测词义。

有时，我们可以结合上下文利用因果关系来进行推断，可以是根据原因推测结果，也可以是根据结果推测原因。通常用于表示因果关系的词和短语有：because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，therefore，so/such ... that等。

Ⅸ. 利用类属关系猜测词义。

有时，文中出现的生词可能与其他几个我们熟悉的词语同属于一个类别，此时可以利用这种类属关系推测出生词的意思。

Ⅹ. 利用生活经验和社会常识猜测词义。

有不少生词可以根据生活经验或社会常识进行推理、分析从而猜测出词义。比如了解一些西方国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰及社会制度等，可以帮助我们加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就增强了。

Ⅺ. 利用构词法猜测词义。

构词法以派生和合成为主，如：前缀、后缀和词根，或是复合词。了解构词法并记住一些派生词词缀，可以帮助我们扩充词汇量，也可猜测出不少生词的词义。

【真题回放】

And no, not because the kids like to pull their ears. The culprit is climate change, and some researchers found that rising temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US.（浙江卷，2019年阅读理解A）

42. The word “culprit” (Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to.

A. criminal

B. judge

C. victim

D. producer

42. A。rising temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US 中rising temperatures与climate change有关，再根据having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit可知，上升的温度对五种兔子有不良影响，由此可知，气候变化是引起问题的事物，与criminal (罪犯) 意思相近。

【冲向高考】

阅读理解

Shay asked, “Do you think they’ll let me play?” Shay’s father knew that most of the boys would not want someone like Shay on their team, but the father also understood that if his son, mentally and physically disabled, were allowed to play, it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence.

Shay’s father approached one of the boys o n the field and asked if Shay could play, not expecting much. The boy looked around and said, “We’re losing by six runs (分) and the game is in the eighth inning (局).I guess he can be on our team and we’ll try to put him in to bat in the final inning.

Shay struggled over to the team’s bench and put on a team shirt with a broad smile and his father had a small tear in his eye and warmth in heart. The boys saw the father’s joy at his son being accepted.

In the bottom of the eighth inning, Shay’s team scored a few runs but was still behind by three. In the top of the final inning, Shay put on a glove and played in the field. Even though no hits came his way, he was obviously joyful just to be in the game and on the field. In the bottom of the final inning, Shay’s team scored again. Now, Shay was scheduled to be next at bat. Would they let Shay bat and give away their chance to win the game?

Surprisingly, Shay was given the bat. Everyone knew that a hit was almost impossible. The first pitch (投) came and Shay missed. The pitcher again took a few steps forward to throw the ball softly towards Shay. As the pitch came in, Shay swung at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to the pitcher.

The pitcher could have easily thrown he ball to the first baseman and Shay would have been out and that would have been the end of the game .Instead, the pitcher threw the ball right over the head of the first baseman, beyond the reach of all teammates, The audience and the players from both teams started screaming, “Shay, run to first!” Never in his life had Shay ever run that far but made it to first base, wide-eyed and shocked.

Everyone should, “Run to second!” Catching his breath, Shay awkwardly ran towards second. By the time Shay rounded towards second base, the smallest guy on their team, who had a chance to be the hero for his team for the first time, could have thrown the ball to the second baseman, but he understood the pitcher’s intentions and he too intentionally threw the ball high and far over the third baseman’s head.

All were screaming，“Shay，Shay，Shay，all the way Shay.” Shay reached third base when one opposing player ran to help him and shouted, “Shay, run to third.” As Shay rounded third, all were on their feet, crying, “Shay, run home！”Shay ran to home, steppe d on the home base and was cheered as the hero who t won the game for his team.

That day, the boys from both teams helped bring a piece true love and humanity into this world. Shay didn’t make it to another summer and died that winter, having never forgott en being the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her little hero of the day!

( ) 1. Not expecting much, Shay’s father still asked the boy if Shay could play, mainly because the father _________.

A. noticed some of the boys on the field were heisting

B. guessed his presence would affect the boy’s decision

C. learned some of the boys on the field knew Shay well

D. understood Shay did need a feeling of being accepted

( ) 2. In the bottom of the final inning Shay was given the bat because the boys _________.

A. believed they were sure to win the game

B. would like to help Shay enjoy the game

C. found Shay was so eager to be a winner

D. fell forced to give Shay another chance

( ) 3. The smallest boy threw the ball high and far over the third baseman’s head, probably because that boy ________.

A. was obviously aware of the pitcher’s purpose

B. looked forward to winning the game for his team

C. failed to throw the ball to the second baseman

D. saw that Shay already reached second base

( ) 4. Which of the following has nothing to do with Shay’s becoming the hero for his team?

A. The pitcher did not throw the ball to the first baseman.

B. The audience and the players from both teams cheered for him.

C. The opposing players failed to stop his running to home.

D. One of the opposing players ran to help him.

( ) 5. What to you think is the theme of the story?

A. True human nature could be realized in the way we treat each other.

B. Everyone has his own strength even if mentally or physically disabled.

C. Everyone can develop his team spirit in sports and please his parents.

D. The results of the game should not be the only concern of the players.

本篇文章是一篇关于爱的教育的故事。一位父亲鼓励帮助自己心智和身体残疾的儿子，和正常人一样参与棒球运动，并且得到同伴的认可。文章富有教育意义。

1. 细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段，but处出题，最后一句”it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence”得出答案D为正确选项。

2.细节题。答案在原文第五段surprisingly处，显示了一种转折。在上一段讲了Shay的团队赢分了，在上文even though点出尽管他没有一个球是他进的，但他仍然感到很喜悦。在第五段文章说他被伙伴们同意进入了最后一局。可见答案B是正确的，所有人都希望能够帮助他成功。

3. 细节题。根据题干将关键词定位到第七段”the smallest guy on their team”，这是个长难句，who引导了一个非限制性定语从句，他本可以成为比赛最后的hero,可but 点出了转折，他明白pitcher的意图并且帮助了Shay的成功。可见答案A正确。

4.推断题。题干问下面哪一项是和Shay的成功无关的。文章第八段最后说众人喊道: “Shay, run home”,当他run home之后，我们看到结果是他成功了，他成为了Hero，可见没有任何人在这个时候阻止了他。可见C选项是与他的成功无关的，为正确选项。

5. 主旨大意题。文章处处渗透了球队人与人之间的相互尊重，因此A选项包容性最大，B,C,D 都是很片面的。

【2020年沈阳市高中三年级教学质量监测（一）】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案填空。B

It was a cold night in Washington, D.C., and I was heading back to the hotel when a man approached me. He asked me for some money so he co uld get something to eat. I’d read the signs: “Don’t give money to beggars.” So I shook my head and kept marching.

I wasn’t prepared for a reply, but he said, “I really am homeless and I really am hungry! You can come with me and watch me eat!” But I kept on marching.

The incident bothered me for the rest of the week. I had money in my pocket and it wouldn’t have killed me to hand over a dollar or two even if he had been lying. On a freezing cold night, I still assumed the worst of a fellow human being.

Fly ing back to Anchorage, I couldn’t help thinking of him. I tried to seek excuses for my failure to help by assuming government agencies, churches and charities were there to feed him. Besides, you’re not supposed to give money to beggars.

Somewhere over Seattle, I started to write my weekly garden column for The Anchorage Daily News. Out of the blue, I came up with an idea. Bean’s Cafe, the soup kitchen in Anchorage, feeds hundreds of hungry Alaskans every day. Why not try to get all my readers to plant one row in their gardens devo ted to Bean’s?

Before long my idea took off. People would fax me or call when they took something in. Those who only grew flowers donated them. Food for the spirit. And relief for my conscience.

As more and more people started working with the Plant a Row concept, many companies gave free seeds to customers and displayed the logo, which also arose in national gardening publications. Row markers with the Plant a Row logo were distributed to gardeners to set apart their “Row for the Hungry” .

It is unexpected that millions of Americans are threatened by hunger. If every gardener in America —and we’re seventy million strong —plants one row for the hungry, we can lower the number of neighbors who don’t have enough to eat. Maybe then I will stop feeling guilty about abandoning a hungry man I could have helped.

1. Why did the author turn down the beggar’s request?

A. He was previously reminded not to do so.

B. He was eager to march back to the hotel.

C. He thought that it was beyond his duty.

D. He was short of money at that moment.

2. Which of the following is the closest to the underlined phrase “took off” (Paragraph 6)?

A. We eventually took off at 11 o’clock and landed in Seattle safely.

B. To take off pounds, you have to cut down the number of calories．

C. On hearing the news, he took off at once and headed back to the hotel.

D. His business has really taken off owing to his advanced management.

3. What did the author do after the beggar’s incident?

A. He felt guilty but couldn’t help him.

B. He started a project to help the hungry.

C. He ran a blue kitchen to supply the hungry with soup.

D. He still supposed it was unwise to give money to beggars.

4. What can be a suitable title for the passage?

A. Plant a Row for the Hungry

B. Lend a Hand to Beggars

C. Never Hesitate to Help Others

D. Plan a Gardening Project

参考答案1—4、ADBA

【2020年沈阳市高中三年级教学质量监测（一）】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案填空。C

In 2013 alone at least 20,000 African elephants were killed for their teeth. In South Africa over the last two years more than 2,200 rhinos were killed for their horns. These numbers are alarming, because current rates of illegal hunting are faster than birth rates,which could lead to extinction for these ecologically important creatures in their environment. Indeed, some elephant and rhino populations are on track to be locally extinct within the next decade.

If you are reading this, you may already be aware of these facts. But you might not know that wildlife trafficking(走私) not only threatens the existence of elephants and rhinos but is also leading to extinction of other species, such as tigers, tortoises, sea turtles —and the world’s most trafficked mammal(哺乳动物)— pangolins.

Pangolins are the only mammals that are entirely covered in tough scales(鳞), which makes them look very strong. But actually they are endangered mammals. There are eight different species of pangolins, four in Asia and four in Africa, and all are threatened with extinction. Although pangolins are protected throughout most of the countries where they live, high demand in East Asia, where the delicious pangolin meat is considered a delicacy and where their scales are

used in traditional medicines, is driving an illegal trade in both live animals and pangolin parts. The number of pangolin trafficking is shocking. Experts believe that over the last 10 years more than 1 million pangolins were taken from the wild. It is estimated that between 40,000 and 81,250 pangolins were killed for the illegal trade in 2013 alone.

In February, the United States released a plan to deal with wildlife trafficking, which lays out the steps we will take to fight the illegal trade in wildlife, including pangolins. We are strengthening the carrying out of the plan; building international cooperation and contribution to protect wildlife; raising awareness to drive down the demand that is fuelling the illegal trade.

Get involved and remember World Wildlife Day (March 3) by spreading the plan. Use social media and tell everyone that now is the time to get serious about wildlife crime and end the demand that threatens species, big and small, from the huge elephant to the shy pangolin.

1. How many endangered creatures are mentioned in the passage?

A. 4.

B. 5.

C. 6.

D. 7.

2. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?

A. Eight species of pangolins live on the same continent.

B. Pangolins are not protected in most of their natural habitats.

C. The scales of pangolins can be used as an ingredient for cooking.

D. High demand contributes to the illegal trade of pangolins in East Asia.

3. What can we know about the plan released by the US?

A. Social media will be used to spread World Wildlife Day.

B. Whether the plan will be worked out remains to be seen.

C. The US will work together with other countries to protect wildlife.

D. More and more people are advised to increase their needs of pangolins.

4. What is the author’s intention of writing the passage?

A. To inform us something about World Wildlife Day.

B. To raise awareness of protecting endangered wildlife.

C. To explain why pangolins are illegally traded in East Asia.

D. To show how the United States is to fight the illegal trade in wildlife.

参考答案1—4、CDCB

阅读理解。

Some years ago on a hot summer day in south Florida a little boy decided to go for a swim in the old swimming lake behind his house.

In a hurry to dive into the cool water，he ran out the back door，leaving behind his shoes，socks，and shirt as he went.He flew into the water，not realizing that as he swam toward the middle of the lake，an alligator (鳄鱼) was swimming toward the shore.

His mother in the house was looking out of the window and saw the two as they got closer and closer.In extreme fear，she ran toward the water，yelling to her son as loudly as she could.Hearing her voice，the little boy became alarmed and made a U-turn to swim to his mother.It was too late.Just as he reached her，the alligator reached him.

From the dock (码头)，the mother grabbed her little boy by the arms just as the alligator snatched his legs.That began an incredible tug-of-war (拔河)．The alligator was much stronger than the mother，but the mother was much too passionate (感情强烈的)．A farmer happened to drive by，took aim and shot the alligator.

After weeks and weeks in the hospital，the little boy survived.The newspaper reporter asked if he would show him his scars.The boy lifted his legs，then，with obvious pride，he said to the reporter，“But look at my arms.I have great scars on my arms，too.I have them because my mom wouldn’t let go.”

Some scars are unsightly and have caused us deep regret.But，some wounds are because love has refused to let go.

1．From the second paragraph we can infer that________.

A．a child shouldn’t swim in the water by himself

B．we’d better grasp some skills to defend ourselves

C．we should make enough preparations before diving into water

D．we are enjoying ourselves but don’t know the ene my is coming

解析：推理判断题。由第二段内容可知，当我们玩得高兴的时候，我们对即将到来的灾难浑然不知。

答案： D

2．The incredible tug-of-war began between________.

A．the boy and the alligator B．the boy and the mother

C．the alligator and the mother D．the alligator and the farmer

解析：细节理解题。通过这个小男孩得救的过程可以断定，所谓的拔河是鳄鱼和妈妈之间进行的，故选C。

答案： C

3．The underlined word “alarmed” in paragraph 3 means________.

A．frightened B．wondered

C．confident D．disappointed

解析：词义猜测题。男孩在听到妈妈的喊声之后，感觉非常害怕，掉头向妈妈游去，frightened 意为“受惊的”，符合语境。

答案： A

4．Which of the following statements is true?

A．The alligator was killed by a hunter.

B．There’re scars both on the boy’s legs and arms.

C．The mother was quiet when seeing the alligator.

D．The mother won the“match” because of her strength.

解析：细节理解题。由倒数第二段The boy lifted his legs...I have great scars on my arms，too.可知，男孩腿和手臂都有伤疤，故选B。

答案： B

5．Why was the boy proud when he showed the scars on his arms?

A．He survived luckily. B．He was a child of God.

C．He was injured slightly. D．He was proud of the scars of love.

解析：推理判断题。尽管受伤了，但那是母亲的爱留下的伤疤，所以男孩感到自豪。

答案：D。

高考英语词汇173单选题详解

英语词汇173题详解(1-39) 1. In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully _____. A.admitted B.acknowledged C.absorbe d D.considered [答案] D. considered [注释] considered 考虑; admit 承认; absorb 吸收。 [注意]acknowledge 1) (=agree or admit the truth of; confess) 承认, 供认; A. He acknowledged his mistake. (他承认了他的错误。) B. 接动名词He acknowledged having been beaten. (他承认被打败了。) 2) (express thanks for) 致谢; A. Mary acknowledged the gift with a pleasant letter. (玛丽致函感谢馈赠的礼物。) B. His long service with the company was acknowledged with a present. (向他赠送礼品以感谢他长期来对公司的服务。) 2. The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents' _____.

A. command B. conviction C. consent D. compromise [答案] C. consent [注释] consent 同意, 赞成, 答应。conviction 深信, 确信。compromise 妥协, 折中。command 命令, 指令; 掌握, 运用能力。3. Our research has focused on a drug which is so _____ as to be able to change brain chemistry. . powerful B. influential C. monstrous D. vigorous [答案] A. powerful [注释] powerful (=having or producing great power) 强有力的。在这里四个形容词中, 只有powerful (有效力的) 可与表示药物的名词搭配。influential 有影响的, 有势力的, monstrous 异常大的, vigorous 精力旺盛的, 强健有力的。 4. The lost car of the Lees was found _____ in the woods off the highway. A. vanished B. abandoned C. scattered D. rejected

(完整)浙江新高考英语作文概要和续写(20200518215850)

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