六级真题核心精选词汇

六级真题核心精选词汇

1. worship [?w????p] v. 崇拜，喜爱

2. worldwide ['w??l(d)wa?d] adv. 世界范围地，全世界

3. worldly [?w?:ldli] adj. 世间的，尘世的

4. withdraw [w?e'dr?] v. 撤销，撤退

5. widen ['wa?dn] v. 拓宽，变宽

6. welfare [?welfe?(r)] n. 福利

7. wedding dress 结婚礼服

8. weave [wi?v] v. 织布，编织

9. vulnerable ['v?ln?r?bl] adj. 易受攻击的，易受影响的

10. vocational [v???ke???nl] adj. 职业的

11. vivid [?v?v?d] adj. 生动的

12. vital ['vait?l] adj. 重要的

13. visualize [?v??u?la?z] v. 想象

14. virtual [?v?:t?u?l] adj. 虚拟的

15. violation [?va??'le??n] n. 违反

16. vigorous [?v?g?r?s] adj. 积极的；精力充沛的

17. vice [va?s] n. 恶意，恶习

18. ventilate [?vent?le?t] v. 使通风

19. variance [?ve?ri?ns] n. 不同

20. validation [?v?l?'de??n] n. 证实

21. utterly ['?t?li:] adv. 完全地，彻底地

22. urgent ['??d?(?)nt] adj. 紧急的，急迫的

23. urbanization [???b?na??ze??n] n. 城市化

24. upgrade [?p'gre?d] v. 升级

25. untreated [,?n'trit?d] adj.未经处理的

26. unqualified [?n'kw?l?fa?d] adj.不合格的，不胜任的

27. unprecedented [?n'pres?dent?d] adj.史无前例的，前所未有的

28. unintentionally [??n?n?ten??n?li] adv. 无意地

29. uninformed [??n?n?f??md] adj. 无知的，未受过教育的

30. unfold [?n?f??ld] v. 展开

31. undertake [?nd?'te?k] vt.承担，从事

32. underscore [??nd??sk??(r)] v. 强调

33. underrepresented [??nd?repr?'zent?d] adj. 未被充分代表的

34. undermine [?nd?'ma?n] v. 暗中削弱，破坏

35. underlying [??nd??la???] adj. 潜在的

36. unbiased [?n?ba??st] adj. 公正的

37. ultimate [??lt?m?t] adj. 最终的

38. turbulent ['t??bj?l(?)nt] adj.动荡的，骚乱的

39. tuition [t?'???n] n. 学费

40. trim [tr?m] v. 修剪

41. trick [tr?k] n.骗局，诡计；

42. tremendous [tri'mend?s] adj. 巨大的

43. transmit [tr?ns'm?t] v. 传播，传导

44. transition [tr?n'z???n] n. 过渡，转变

45. transform [tr?ns?f??m] v. 转变

46. transcend [tr?n'send] v. 超越

47. trait [tre?t] n. 特点

48. tradeoff [?tre?d??f] n. 权衡，交易

49. trace back at 追溯到

50. toxic [?t?ks?k] adj. 有毒的

51. tough [t?f] adj. 棘手的，困难的

52. throne [θr??n] n. 王位

53. thrive [θra?v] v. 繁荣，兴旺

54. thrilling ['θr?l??] adj. 令人兴奋的

55. the reform and opening-up policy 改革开放政策

56. testify ['test?fa?] vt.证明，证实

57. territory [?ter?tri] n. 领域，领土

58. tension [?ten?n] n. 紧张

59. tempting [?tempt??] adj. 吸引人的

60. temptation [temp?te??n] n. 诱惑

61. tedious ['ti?d??s] adj. 乏味冗长的

62. tasteless [?te?stl?s] adj. 没有味道的

63. target ['tɑrɡ?t] v. / n. 目标；把…作为目标

64. tap [t?p] v. 轻敲, 导出

65. take…into account 考虑到

66. take…for granted 认为…是理所当然的

67. take steps 采取措施

68. tackle ['t?k(?)l] v. 处理

69. sweep [swi:p] v. 打扫；席卷

70. suspend [s?'spend] v. 暂停

71. surpass [s?'pɑ?s] v. 超过

72. suppress [s??pres] v. 镇压，压制

73. superficial [?su:p??f??l] adj. 表面的

74. sunrise industry 朝阳产业

75. suicide ['s(j)u??sa?d] n. 自杀

76. successively [s?k'ses?vl?] adv. 接连着地，继续地

77. subtle ['s?t(?)l] v. 微妙的

78. subsequently ['s?bs?kw?ntl?] adv. 随后

79. subordinate [s??b??d?n?t] adj. 次要的，从属的

80. subconscious [s?b'k?n??s] adj.下意识的，潜意识的

81. strap [str?p] v.用带帮助

82. stimulus ['st?mj?l?s] n.刺激

83. stereotype [?steri?ta?p] n. 陈规，旧习

84. stain [ste?n] n. 污渍，污点

85. stabilize [?ste?b?la?z] v. 使稳固，使安定

86. sponsor [?sp?ns?(r)] v. 赞助

87. spoil [sp??l] v. 溺爱

88. specification [,spes?f?'ke??(?)n] n.说明书，详细说明

89. specialize ['spe??laiz] v. 专门从事

90. spark [spɑrk] n. 火花

91. spacious [?spe???s] adj. 宽敞的

92. sophisticated [s??f?st?ke?t?d] adj. 复杂的，世故的

93. soar [s?:(r)] v. 高飞

94. soak up 吸收

95. sneak [sni:k] v. 溜走

96. smuggle [?sm?gl] v. 走私

97. slightly ['sla?tl?] adv.轻微地

98. slavery [?sle?v?ri] n. 奴隶制

99. slash [sl??] v. 削减

100. slack [sl?k] adj. 松弛的，萧条的

101. skeptical [?skept?kl] adj. 怀疑的

102. simultaneously [?s?m?l'te?n??sl?] adv. 同步地，同时地103. simulate ['s?mj?le?t] v. 模拟，模仿

104. shrank [?r??k] v. 收缩(shrink 过去式)

105. shed light on 揭示

106. sew [s??] v. 缝上，缝纫

107. segregation [,segr?'ge??(?)n] n. 隔离

108. sector ['sekt?] n.部门

109. seasick [?si?s?k] adj. 晕船的

110. script [skr?pt] n. 脚本，剧本

111. scores of 大量

112. scaffolding [?sk?f?ld??] n. 脚手架

113. sanitation [s?n?'te??(?)n] n.卫生环境，卫生设备114. ruling [?ru:l??] n. 裁定

115. row [r??] v. 划船

116. robust [r?(?)'b?st] adj. 牢固的, 强健的

117. rival [?ra?vl] n. 对手

118. rigor ['riɡ?] n. 严格

119. rigid ['r?d??d] adj. 严格的

120. rhythm [?r?e?m] n. 节奏

121. rhetorical [r??t?r?kl] adj. 修辞的

122. retailer ['ri:teil?] n. 零售商

123. restructure [ri?'str?kt??] vt.调整，重建

124. responsive [ri'sp?nsiv] adj. 应答的

125. reserved [r??z?:vd] adj. 保留意见的；矜持的126. renewable [r??nju??bl] adj. 可再生的

127. render ['rend?] vt.给予

128. relay ['ri?le?] v. 接替，转播

129. regime [re???i?m] n. 制度，管理体制

130. regardless [r??ɡɑ?dl?s] adj. 不管，不顾

131. regarding [r?'gɑ?d??] prep.关于

132. refrain [r?'fre?n] v. 抑制，避免

133. reflect [r??flekt] v. 反映；思考

134. refine [r??fa?n] v. 精炼；使……文雅

135. redundant [r?'d?nd(?)nt] adj.过剩的；失业的，被解雇的136. redefine [ri?d?'fa?n] v. 重新定义

137. recyclable [ri?'sa?kl?bl] adj.可回收利用的

138. recruiter [r?'kr u?t?] n. 招聘者

139. recommend [rek?'mend] v. 推荐，建议

140. recommend [?rek??mend] v. 推荐

141. recipe [?res?pi] n. 菜谱

142. receptionist [r??sep??n?st] n. 接待员

143. rebellion [r?'belj?n] n.叛逆

144. ready ['red?] adj. 乐意的，愿意的

145. readjust [ri??'d??st] v. 重新调整，再调整

146. rally [?r?li] n. 集会

147. puzzle ['p?z(?)l] v. 迷惑

148. put value on 重视

149. pursuit [p??sju:t] n. 追求

150. proximately ['pr?ksimitli] adv.近似，接近

151. provoke [pr??v??k] v. 激怒

152. prosperity [pr?'sper?t?] n. 繁荣

153. prospective [pr??spekt?v] adj. 未来的，预期的

154. proposition [,prɑp?'z???n] n. 提议，主题

155. property interests 财产利益

156. pronoun [?pr??na?n] n. 代词

157. prompt [pr?m(p)t] vt.促进；adj.敏捷的，迅速的158. prominent ['pr?m?n?nt] adj. 卓越的，突出的159. prolong [pr?'l??] v. 延长

160. program ['pr??ɡr?m] vt.计划，安排

161. profound [pr??fa?nd] adj. 意义深远的；博学的162. privilege [?pr?v?l?d?] n. 特权

163. prioritize [pra?'?r?ta?z] v. 优先

164. principle [?pr?ns?pl] n. 原理，原则

165. prevalence ['pr?v?l?ns] n. 流行，普遍

166. prevailing [pr?'ve?l??] adj.流行的

167. prevail [pr?'ve?l] vi.流行，普遍

168. preserve [pr?'z??v]vt.保存，保护

169. prematurely ['prem?t??l?] adv. 早熟地，过早地170. pragmatic [pr?g?m?t?k] adj. 务实的，讲求实际的171. practice [?pr?kt?s] n. 做法

172. postdoctoral [?p??st?d?kt?r?l] adj. 博士后的173. position [p??z??n] v. 定位

174. pose [p??z] v. 造成，形成

175. portray [p?r'trei] v. 描述

176. pierce [p??s] v. 刺穿

177. philosophy [f??l?s?fi] n. 哲学

178. phenomenon [f??n?m?n?n] n. 现象

179. pessimistic [,pes?'m?st?k] adj. 悲观的

180. persistent [p??s?st?nt] adj. 坚持不懈的，持续的181. perpetual [p??pet?u?l] adj. 永久的

182. permeate ['p??m?e?t] v. 渗透

183. permanent [?p?:m?n?nt] adj. 永久的

184. perception [p?'sep?(?)n] n. 看法；意识

185. penalty [?pen?lti] n. 惩罚

186. peer [p??(r)] n. 同龄人

187. pattern [?p?tn] n. 模式

188. particle [?pɑ:t?kl] n. 粒子，微粒

189. paradox [?p?r?d?ks] n. 悖论

190. overwhelming [???v??welm??] adj. 压倒性的191. overwhelm [??v?'welm] v. 压倒，击败

192. overturn [???v??t??n] v. 推翻

193. overstate [??v?'ste?t] v. 夸张

194. overlap [???v??l?p] v. 重叠

195. overestimate [??v?r'est?me?t] vt.高估

196. outweigh [a?t'we?] vt.超过，比...重要

197. outperform [?a?tp??f?:m] v. 胜过

198. organic [???ɡ?n?k] adj. 有机的

199. orbit ['?rb?t] n. 轨道

200. optimism [??pt?m?z?m] n. 乐观

201. opponent [?'p??n?nt] n. 反对者

202. ongoing [??nɡ????] adj. 持续的，不间断的203. on the flip side 另一方面

204. on strike 罢工

205. odds [?dz] n. 可能性

206. occupation [?kj?'pe??(?)n] n.职业

207. obstacle ['?bst?k(?)l] n. 阻碍

208. obscurity [?b'skj?r?ti] n. 默默无闻

209. numerous [?nju:m?r?s] adj. 无数的

210. novel ['n?v(?)l] adj.新颖的

211. notoriously [n??'t?:r??sl?] adv. 臭名昭著地212. notion [?n???n] n. 概念，观点

213. noted ['n??t?d] adj.著名的

214. notably ['n??t?bl?] adv. 显著地，尤其215. needy ['ni?d?] adj.贫困的

216. needle ['ni:dl] n. 指针，针

217. navigate [?n?v?ge?t] v. 航行，驾驶

218. nap [n?p] n. 小睡

219. mysteriously [m?'st??r??sl?] adv. 神秘地

220. mournful ['m?rnfl] adj. 悲哀的；令人惋惜的221. monopolize [m?'nɑp?'la?z] v. 垄断

222. monetary ['m?n?t(?)r?] adj. 货币的

223. momentum [m?'ment?m] n. 动力，势头224. modify [?m?d?fa?] v. 改变

225. mobility [m??'b?l?t?] n. 灵活性，流动性226. mismanagement [m?s'm?n?d?m?nt] n.管理不当227. misled [,m?s'led]（mislead 过去式）误导228. misinterpret [?m?s?n?t??pr?t] v. 误解

229. miniature [?m?n?t??(r)] adj. 微型的

230. milestone [?ma?lst??n] n. 里程碑

231. migration [ma?'gre??(?)n] n. 迁徙，移居232. metropolitan [metr?'p?l?t(?)n] adj. 大都市的233. merit ['mer?t] v. 值得

234. merge [m??d?] v. 合并

235. memorize ['mem?ra?z] v. 记住，熟记

236. memorandum [?mem??r?nd?m] n. 备忘录237. mechanism [?mek?n?z?m] n. 机制，体制238. materialize [m??t??ri?la?z] v. 实现，物质化239. market-oriented economy 市场经济

240. margin ['mɑ?d??n] n. 利润

241. manuscript [?m?njuskr?pt] n. 手稿

242. manual [?m?nju?l] adj. 手工的；体力的

243. manipulate [m??n?pjule?t] v. 操纵

244. manifest ['m?n?fest] vt.表明；adj.明显的

245. malicious [m?'l???s] adj. 恶毒的

246. magnify ['m?gn?fa?] v. 扩大，放大

247. lounge [la?nd?] n. 休息室

248. lofty ['l?ft?] adj.崇高的

249. lobbyist ['l?b??st] n.游说者

250. literal [?l?t?r?l] adj. 字面的

251. literacy ['l?t?r?si] n. 读写能力，识字

252. linger [?l??g?(r)] v. 逗留，徘徊

253. liberation [?l?b?'re??n] n. 解放

254. liability [la??'b?l?t?] n. 责任；债务

255. lessen [?lesn] v. 减少

256. legislation [?led??s?le??n] n. 立法

257. legalize ['liɡ?la?z] v. 合法化

258. leading-edge ['li:di?,ed?] adj. 领先的，前沿的259. lawsuit [?l?:su:t] n. 诉讼

260. landmark ['l?ndmɑrk] adj. 有重大意义或影响的261. justice ['d??st?s] n. 公平

262. jeopardize [?d?ep?da?z] v. 危害，危及

263. jail [d?e?l] n. 监狱

264. isolate [?a?s?le?t] v. 使隔离

265. irrigation [??r??ɡe?n] n.灌溉

266. irreversible [??r??v?:s?bl] adj. 不可逆的；不可取消的267. irrational [?'r??(?)n(?)l] adj.不合理的，不理性的268. invasive [?n?ve?s?v] adj. 入侵的

269. intuitive [?n?tju:?t?v] adj. 直觉的

270. intrinsic [?n?tr?ns?k] adj. 本质的，固有的

271. intolerant [?n't?l(?)r(?)nt] adj.无法容忍的

272. intimate [??nt?m?t] adj. 亲密的

273. intertwine [??nt??twa?n] v. 交织，纠缠

274. interpretation [?nt??pr?'te??(?)n] n. 解释

275. interpret [?n?t?:pr?t] v. 解释；口译

276. interfere [,int?'fi?] v. 妨碍，干涉

277. interactive [?nt?r'?kt?v] adj.互相作用的，互相影响的278. interact [?nt?r'?kt] v. 互动，互相影响

279. intense [?n?tens] adj. 激烈的，强烈的

280. integral [??nt?ɡr?l] adj. 完整的

281. insurer [?n'???r?] n.保险公司；承保人

282. insufficient [?ns?'f??(?)nt] adj.不足的；不胜任的283. institute ['?nst?tju?t] n.研究所，学会，学院

284. instantaneous [??nst?n?te?ni?s] adj. 即时的，瞬间的285. inquire [?n'kwa??] vt.询问

286. initiative [?'n???t?v] n.主动权，首创精神；措施

287. initial [?'n???l] adj. 初步的，最初的

288. inheritance [?n?her?t?ns] n. 继承；遗产

289. inherent [?n?h??r?nt] adj. 固有的

290. ingenuity [??nd???nju:?ti] n. 创造力

291. infringe on 侵犯

292. inflation [?n?fle??n] n. 通货膨胀

293. inferior [?n?f??ri?(r)] adj. 比……差

294. infectious [?n?fek??s] adj. 感染的，传染的

295. inescapable [??n??ske?p?bl] adj. 不可避免的

296. indispensable [??nd??spens?bl] adj. 必不可少的

297. indicative [?n'd?k?t?v] adj. 表明的，暗示的

298. incur [?n?k??(r)] v. 引起，导致

299. incorporate [?n'k??p?re?t] vt.合并；体现

300. incompetent [?n'k?mp?t(?)nt] adj.无能力的，不胜任的301. incompatibility [??nk?m?p?t?'b?l?t?] n. 不兼容

302. incidentally [?ns?'dent(?)l?] adv. 顺便地，附带

303. incidentally [?ns?'dent(?)l?] adv.顺便地，偶然地

304. incentive [?n'sent?v] n.刺激

305. incalculable [?n?k?lkj?l?bl] adj. 不可估量的，无法计算的306. inanimate [?n??n?m?t] adj. 无生命的

307. inaction [?n??k?n] n. 不作为

308. in accordance with 根据

309. impose [?m'p??z] vt.强加

310. imperial [?m'p??r??l] adj. 帝国的

311. imperative [?m'per?t?v] adj. 必须的,必要的312. impart [?m?pɑ?t] v. 传授，教授

313. impair [?m?pe?(r)] v. 损害

314. immigration [??m??gre??n] n. 移民

315. immersive [??m?:s?v] adj. 沉浸的，身临其境的316. imitate [??m?te?t] v. 模仿

317. illustrate ['?l?stre?t] vt.阐明，说明

318. illuminate [??lu?m?ne?t] v. 阐释，阐明

319. ideological [?a?di??l?d??kl] adj. 意识形态的320. identical [a??dent?kl] adj. 相同的

321. hurl [h?:l] v. 猛投

322. hostility [h?'st?l?t?] n. 敌意

323. honorary [??n?r?ri] adj. 荣誉的

324. hinder [?h?nd?(r)] v. 阻碍

325. hijack [?ha??d??k] v. 劫持

326. helicopter [?hel?k?pt?(r)] n. 直升飞机

327. hazardous [?h?z?d?s] adj. 危险的

328. hazard ['h?z?d] n.危险

329. hasty [?he?sti] adj. 匆忙的

330. hasten [?he?sn] v. 加速

331. harsh [hɑ:?] adj. 严苛的，严酷的

332. harness ['hɑ?n?s] v. 管理，控制

333. hack [h?k] v. 黑客攻击

334. groundless['gra?n(d)l?s] adj.无理由的，无根据的335. grip [ɡr?p] n. 抓住

336. greedy [?ɡri?di] adj. 贪婪的

337. grave [ɡre?v] adj. 严重的

338. grateful [?gre?tfl] adj. 感激的

339. gown [ga?n] n.长袍

340. get rid of 消除，摆脱

341. get carried away 忘乎所以，得意忘形

342. genuine ['d?enjuin] adj. 真正的，真诚的

343. genetically modified 转基因的

344. furnish [?f?:n??] v. 提供

345. frustrate [fr??stre?t] v. 挫败

346. free from 使摆脱

347. frame [frem] v. 设计，建造

348. foster [?f?st?(r)] v. 促进；培养

349. forthcoming [?f?:θ?k?m??] adj. 即将来临的350. formulate ['f??mj?le?t] v. 制定，规划

351. formula ['f??mj?l?] n. 公式

352. forge [f??d?] v. 铸造；伪造

353. fluently ['flu:?ntl?] adv. 流利地

354. fluctuate [?fl?kt?ue?t] v. 波动

355. float [fl??t] v. 漂浮

356. flame [fleim] n. 火焰

357. fixture ['f?kst??] n. 固定装置

358. filter [?f?lt?(r)] v. 过滤

359. fertilizer [?f?:t?la?z?(r)] n. 肥料

360. fertility [f??t?l?ti] n. 多产，肥沃

361. feasible ['fi?z?b(?)l] adj.可行的

362. feasibility [,fiz?'b?l?ti] n. 可行

363. fault [f?lt] n. 过失

364. fascinate ['f?s?ne?t] v. 使着迷

365. fake [fe?k] n. 假货

366. fade [fe?d] v. 褪色

367. facilitate [f??s?l?te?t] v. 使便利；促进368. fabric [?f?br?k] n. 布料

369. extreme [?k?stri:m] n. 极端

370. extracurricular [ekstr?k?'r?kj?l?] adj. 课外的371. extinguish [?k?st??gw??] v. 熄灭；使消亡372. extinction [?k'st??k??n] n. 灭绝

373. exploit [?k'spl??t] vt.开发，开采

374. expertise [?eksp?:?ti:z] n. 专业知识

375. expenditure [?k?spend?t??(r)] n. 花销，支出376. expel [?k?spel] v. 开除，驱逐

377. expedition [?eksp??d??n] n. 远征

378. existence [?ɡ'z?st?ns] n.存在，生存

379. exertion [?ɡ?z???n] n. 运用

380. exert influence on… 对…施加影响

381. excessive [?k?ses?v] adj. 过度的

382. exceptional [?k?sep??nl] adj. 非凡的，例外的383. exaggerate [?ɡ'z?d??ret] v. 夸张

384. evolve [i?v?lv] v. 进化

385. evaluation [??v?lju?e??n] n. 评估，评价386. evaluate [??v?ljue?t] v. 评价

387. ethnic ['eθn?k] adj. 种族的

388. environmentally friendly 环保的

389. enviable [?envi?bl] adj. 值得羡慕的

390. entrepreneur [??ntr?pr??n??(r)] n.企业家391. entitle [?n?ta?tl] v. 使具有资格

392. entail [?n'tel] v. 蕴含；使需要

393. engage [?n'ɡed?] vt.吸引；雇佣；从事394. endure [?n?dj??(r)] v. 忍受

395. endorsement [?n?d?:sm?nt] n. 支持

396. endanger [?n?de?nd??(r)] v. 使……危险

397. end up doing 以……告终

398. encounter [?n?ka?nt?(r)] v. 遭遇

399. embrace [?m?bre?s] v. 采纳，接受

400. embody [?m?b?di] v. 体现

401. elimination [?,l?m?'ne???n] n.消除，淘汰

402. eliminate [??l?m?ne?t] v. 消除

403. eligible ['el?d??b(?)l] adj.适合的，胜任的

404. eligible [?el?d??bl] adj. 适合的；胜任的

405. elevate ['el?ve?t] vt.提升，举起；使高兴

406. elegant ['el?g(?)nt] adj.高雅的，雅致的

407. elaborately [?'l?b?r?tl?] adv. 复杂地，精心设计地408. ecosystem ['i?k??s?st?m] n.生态系统

409. economic slump 经济衰退

410. echo ['ek??] v.随声附和，发出回声

411. eccentric [?k?sentr?k] adj. 古怪的

412. dynamics [da?'n?m?ks] n. 动力学

413. dweller [?dwel?(r)] n. 居住者

414. duplication [?dju?pl??ke??n] n. 复制品

415. duplicate [?dju?pl?ke?t] n.副本，复制品

416. drummer [?dr?m?(r)] n. 鼓手

417. dropout [?dr?pa?t] n. 辍学

418. draw on 利用

419. dramatically [dr?'m?t?k?l?] adv. 大幅度地；剧烈地420. double-edged sword 双刃剑

421. domain [d??me?n] n. 领域

422. division [d?'v??(?)n] n. 分歧

423. distract [d?'str?kt] v. 分心，分散注意

424. distinction [d?'st??k??n] n. 区分

425. disservice [d?s?s?:v?s] n. 帮倒忙，损害

426. disposal [d??sp??zl] n. 支配；处理

427. displace [d?s?ples] v. 移除；取代，置换

428. dispensable [d??spens?bl] adj. 可有可无的

429. discrimination [d?,skr?m?'ne??n] n. 歧视

430. discriminate [d?'skr?m?ne?t] v.歧视；区别

431. discern [d??s?:n] v. 识别

432. diminish [d??m?n??] v. 减少

433. dimension [da??men?n] n. 尺寸；维

434. dilute [da?'l(j)ut] v. 稀释，冲淡

435. diagnose [?da??gn??z] v. 诊断

436. deviate [?di:vie?t] v. 偏离

437. determine [d??t?:m?n] v. 决定

438. deterioration [d?,t??r??'re??n] n. 恶化，退化

439. detect [d??tekt] v. 发现

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