英语高级词汇替换

英语高级词汇替换

Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998

1.important =crucial ['krul] [决定性的,重要的[(+to/for)]严酷的,艰难的] significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)

The way you and I approach today, and each day, is crucial.

我们对待今天以及每一天的方式都是至关重要的。

Whether at work or at home, the goal is to engage in activities that are both personally significant and enjoyable.

无论在工作中还是在家里，目标都是从事个人重大的并且令人愉快的活动。https://www.docsj.com/doc/8c204651.html,mon=universal,

ubiquitous [ju'bkwts] [到处存在的,普遍存在的]

(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) Music has been called the universal language.

人们称音乐为世界的语言.

Happiness is ubiquitous, may fall short of demand.

幸福无处不在,可还是供不应求.

3.abundant=ample [大量的,丰富的,充裕的足够的宽敞的,宽大的]

plentiful ['plentifl][丰富的,充足的;多的富裕的;丰产的]

He has received ample praise for the work he did.

他所做的工作，使他获得了广泛的赞美。

This place has plentiful material resources.

这地方的物质资源是丰富的。

4.stick=adhere,

cling (hold on something tightly)

We adhere to the principle that everyone should be treated fairly.

我们必须坚持人人都应该被平等对待这一原则。

The children cling to their father for more pocket money.

孩子们粘着爸爸，要他再给些零花钱。

5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention

to something; ignore means no attention.)

Focus in the person who are talking with you,ignore something else.

把全身的注意力都集中在与你谈话的人身上，忽略其他。

6.near=adjacent['desnt](two things next to each other),

adjoin(the same as adjacent)

His house is adjacent to mine.

他的寓所与我的相毗连。

It is certain that virtue adjoins pride on one side.

好的品德常会引人走向骄傲自满的一面，那是不假的。

7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned),

seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)

He wooed and won her.

他向她求爱成功而结婚。

Older people may seek their own friends rather than become too emotionally dependent on their children.

老年人可以找自己的朋友而不会在情感上太依赖他们的子女。

8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details),

exact(correct in every detail)

We need to make precise estimate beforehand.

我们需要事先作出准确的估计.

I don't know the exact date.

我不知道确切的日子。

=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)

I had only an obscure view of it.

对这事我仅有一种模糊的想法。

=peak, summit

Sales have reached a new peak.

销售额已达到了新高峰。

He attain the summit of his ambition.

他达到了追求的最高目标。

https://www.docsj.com/doc/8c204651.html,petitor=rival,

opponent(especially in sports and politics)

Tom and I were rivals for the job.

汤姆和我是这次求职的竞争对手。

Never underestimate your opponent.

千万不要低估对手。

12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it’s very bad and unacceptable)

We condemned him for his bad conduct.

我们责备他行为不检点。

13.opinon=perspective,

standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way) But from my perspective, it still was not good enough.

但是从我的角度来说它还不是很好。

Has the matter been viewed from his standpoint

这事已从他的立场加以观察了吗

14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired),

reputation

The old universities of Oxford and Cambridge still have a lot of prestige. 历史悠久的牛津大学和剑桥大学仍然享有很高的声望。

He spotted his reputation by lying repeatedly.

他因反复说谎而败坏了自己的名声。

15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL),

establish

They erected their tent at the foot of the mountain.

他们在山脚下支起了帐篷。

I want to establish myself in the team.

我想要尽快确立自己在队内的位置。

16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed

or stupid)

He felt humiliated when the teacher scolded him in front of the whole class.

老师在全班同学面前批评他使他感到羞辱。

=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)

And householders generally grumble a lot if they have to pay extra to have their

rubbish collected.

假如居民们不得不支付额外费用用于垃圾收集，他们会抱怨很多。

18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree),

fundamental

Today, he is still bubbling with new ideas and radical initiatives.

今天，他依然能够冒出新的想法和激进的倡议。

The wisdom of human society to develop fundamental.

智慧是人类社会得以发展的根本。

19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or

severe)

If where depressed when alleviate with the simplest way the mood

如何在郁闷的时候以最简单的方式缓解心情

20.force=coerces into(you make someone do something/he does not want to),

compel

After a period of time,her mother coerces her into attending piano lessons.

经过一段时间后,她母亲强迫她去上钢琴课。

I should assign you your share of labour, and compel you to accomplish it. 我要把属于你的那一份劳动分配给你，并且强迫你完成它。

=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)

He tried to magnify the part he played in the battle.

他想夸大他在那场战斗中所起的作用。

=intricate(if something is intricate, it of has many small parts and details) Although the problem is intricate and complex, it can be solved very quickly with

an electronic computer.

虽然问题虽然复杂难解，但用电子计算机很快就能解出。

23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her) His childhood was repressed and solitary.

他的童年是压抑而孤独的。

24.small=minuscule(very small),

minute,

Since speaking parts were mandatory, I had already received the most minuscule

role in the entire play.

因为演讲是强制性的，我曾经演过在整个演出当中最为卑微的角色。

The minute happiness always stay with you, it is the heaven if you satisfy easily.

微小的幸福就在身边，容易满足就是天堂。

25.praise=extol(stronger than praise),

compliment(polite and political)？

He keeps extolling her goodness.

他对她的善良赞不绝口。

I feel greatly flattered at his compliment.

他的赞美使我大感受宠若惊。

26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very

thoroughly)

If you cannot be assiduous, at least in your thought be like a sluggard. 如果你不是勤奋刻苦之人，那麽，至少你在你的思想中犹如游手好闲之徒。

27.difficult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a

lot of efforts)

Although the work was arduous, he finished it in a short time.

虽然这项工作很费力，他仍然很快就做完了。

28.poor(soil)=barren,

infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be

planted on it)

Such a barren desert can support very few creatures.

在这样荒瘠的沙漠里, 很少生物能够存活.

The farmers in this area have to struggle to wrest a living from the infertile soil.

该地区的农民不得不在这块贫瘠的土地上挣扎谋生。

29.fragile=brittle,

vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)

He has a brittle temper.

他脾气急。

How does the UN defend vulnerable groups in society

联合国如何保护社会中的弱势群体

=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)

I hope to demonstrate my ability and talents in my field adequately. 我希望能充分展示我在这个行业的能力和智慧。

31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent),

colossal(use this word, you emphasize somethin g’s large),

tremendous(INFORMAL)

The temple is supported by massive columns.

此庙由粗大的柱子支撑

It requires government spending on a colossal scale.

这要求政府付出巨额开支。

He has a tremendous hold over his younger brother.

他对他弟弟很有影响.

32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or

keep away from it.)

Wise men love truth, whereas fools shun it.

【谚】智者热爱真理，愚者回避真理。

33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on

something.)

He was not an impartial witness because of his affinity with the accused. 他不是公正的见证人, 因为他与被告有姻亲关系.

34.attack=assault (physically attack someone),

assail (attack violently

If you lay hands on me, I will charge you with assault.

如果你对我动手，我就指控你犯人身伤害罪。

All sorts of problems assailed us suddenly.

我们突然遇到各种各样的难题。

35.dislike=abhor(you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons),

loathe(dislike very much)!

I abhor advertising that is blatant,dull,or dishonest.

我痛恨那些华而不实、平淡无奇、或自欺欺人的广告。

I behold the treacherous and loathe them, Because they do not keep Your word.

我看见奸恶的人、就甚憎恶、因为他们不遵守你的话。

=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.) She was devastated by his death. 她因他去世而悲痛欲绝。

=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)

A man who moralizes is usually a hypocrite, and a woman who moralizes is

invariably plain.

说教的男人通常是个伪善者，而说教的女人则必定是丑女。

40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes),

immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed) A contented mind is a perpetual feast.

【谚】知足长乐。

An immutable class is one whose instances cannot be modified.

一个不可变类是指其实例不可修改的类。

41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly),

astound(surprise you to a large degree),

astonish(the same as astound)

The least noise would startle the timid child.

最小的响声也会吓着这个胆小的孩子的。

These places continue to astound me every time I step off the plane or train.

每一次当我迈下飞机或火车时，眼前的景象都会让我感到震撼不已。

She astonished me with her beautiful handwriting.

她以其秀丽的书法而使我惊异。

42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm),

fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)

He shows zeal for knowledge.

他渴望知识。

43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful),

serene(calm and quiet)!

He looked at the man with a tranquil eye.

他以平静的眼神看着那个男人。

It was a beautiful morning, calm and serene.

那是一个宁静、明媚的早晨。

=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)

She hunted out an unassuming restaurant and entered, but was disturbed to find

that the prices were exorbitant for the size of her purse.

她找到一个不起眼的小饭店，就走了进去。但是她不安地发现那里的价钱高得吓人，不

是她的钱包可以付得起的。

45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive),

sumptuous(grand and very expensive

The country girl was not used to their lavish mode of living.

这个乡下姑娘不习惯他们奢侈的生活方式。

After sumptuous banquet, they also took us to a dance hall to dance and sing.

奢盛的宴会后，他们还带我们到一个舞厅去跳舞和唱歌。

46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it’s boring and

frustrating)

He is an exceedingly tedious fellow.

他是一个非常令人生厌的家伙。

=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire her. FORMAL) She stands high in the esteem of (ie is greatly respected by) her colleagues.

她深受同事的尊敬.

=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)

Don't fret, we'll get there on time.

别着急, 我们能准时到那里.

=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)

A gust of chilly autumn wind is blowing from the north.

一阵冷飕飕的秋风从北方吹来。

Driving on icy roads can be pretty hairy.

在结冰的道路上开车有时真使人心惊胆战

=boiling(very hot)

These vegetables have been boiling too long; they're cooked to a pulp. 这些蔬菜煮的时间太长了，都煮成糊了。

51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's

safety and health)

They face a perilous future.

他们面临渺茫的未来。

=currently

We are currently focusing seriously on this matter.

我们正在严肃地处理这个问题。

=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;

The custom is unique to the region.

这种风俗是这一地区特有的。

I believe everyone is born into the world to do something unique and something

distinctive.

我相信每个人来到这个世界上，都是为了做一番与众不同、独一无二的事情！=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)

The newspaper had ceased publication.

报纸已停刊。

55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)

Surprise is an essential component of my plan.

我这项计划主要就是想使大家惊喜一下。

56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)

It rained yesterday and in consequence the match was canceled.

昨天下雨了, 结果比赛被取消。

=apparent, manifest

This is an apparent exception to the rule.

这是那项规定的一个明显的例外.

It manifested itself to all of us.

那对我们大家来说是显而易见的

=derived from can see or notice them very easily)

These stories derive from his experiences during the Long March.

这些故事是根据他在长征中的经历写成的。

=fairly

It's fairly mild for this time of the year.

每年这个时候气候相当温和。

=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)

His death is a lamentable loss of our work.

他的死对我们的工作来说是令人悲痛的损失。

=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)

The kitchen is my wife's domain, she doesn't like me going into it. 厨房是我妻子的领地，她不愿让我进去。

=emerge(come into existence)

After the rain, the sun emerge from behind the clouds.

雨过后，太阳从云层后面出来。

=entire(the whole of something)8

I am on the rack during the entire examination.

在整个考试过程中，我的心情十分紧张。

=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)! Water the plant regularly to keep the soil moist.

按时给植物浇水以保持土壤湿润.

In this early spring or late winter are declining, I pick the flowers slightly damp

snow up on stationery.

在这初春或者说是没落的晚冬里，我拾了朵微湿的雪花，放在信纸上。 The climate in the summer is hot and humid.

夏天的天气炎热湿润。

=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)

That the earth is flat is an erroneous concept.

认为地球是平的观念是错的。

=formidable

Anyway, this is a formidable problem for us to tackle.

这是摆在我们面前的一个大问题。

=convert(change into another form)

I want to convert several thousand dollars into Renminbi.

我想把几千美元换成人民币。

=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something) The beach is the quintessential place to go to relax and breathe fresh air.

海滩是休闲放松和呼吸新鲜空气的最好的去处。

70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger),

prudent(careful and sensible)

He is always cautious of giving offence to others.

他一直注意不得罪人。

It will be prudent to save some of the money.

存点钱是有远见的。

71.ability=capacity,

capability(the same as ability)

Her little son has a mind of great capacity.

她的小儿子接受力很强。

He won the election more on personality than on capability.

他以人品而非能力赢得了竞选。

=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, he behaves in a strange way, or

his opinion is different from most people)

The eccentric poet was a byword in literary circles.

这个古怪的诗人在文学圈内臭名昭着

=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)

It`s a shame that even in our affluent society, charities have to cry out for funds.

真遗憾，甚至在我们这个富裕的社会里，慈善事业也仍然得乞求资金。

= utilize (the same as use)

We should often utilize Sundays to read reference books.

我们应时常利用星期曰来阅读参考书。

=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.) I'm rather skeptical about their ability to solve the problem.

我对他们解决这个问题的能力颇为怀疑。

=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and

satisfaction)

Now that she has a job in France she can gratify her desire to see Europe.

既然现在她在法国工作，那就可以满足她游览欧洲的愿望了。

=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time) For a fleeting moment I think the car be go to crash.

刹那间我想到汽车要碰撞。

Such novels came forward to enjoy ephemeral popularity only.

这样的小说只是昙花一现的东西而已。

=fellowship

I am writing to you to apply for a fellowship with a stipend in your university.

我想来贵校进修，并盼能给予助学金。

=enraged(extremely angry)

They turned a deaf ear to our demands , which enraged all of us. 他们对我们的要求置之不理，这使我们大家都很气愤。

=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)

There came a burst of malodorous smell from the sewer.

下水道传来一股很难闻的味道。

=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)#

In old China, drugs once brought hideous disaster to the nation. 在旧中国，毒品曾给中华民族带来深重灾难。

82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive),

absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal) This 'win-win' structure is appealing to banks and investors.

这种双赢结构对银行和投资者均具吸引力。

The novel was so absorbing that she read on without a break even forgetting food

and sleep.

这本小说非常引人入胜，她一口气读了下去，甚至废寝忘食。

83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of

84. things)

A small boy's pockets are likely to contain a miscellaneous collection of objects.

小男孩的口袋里往往藏有杂七杂八的东西。

=disarray , chaos

Because the domestic scene is in disarray, the Government appears unable to make

any meaningful foreign policy decisions.

因为国内情况未上轨道，政府似无法在外交方面做成任何有意义的决定。 Without roles, people would live in(a state of) chaos.

如果没有规章制度，人们就会生活在混乱之中。

=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and

uncontrolled way)

Fear washed through him as he looked frantically about, expecting any moment to

英语可替换高级词汇

高分作文必备 ①词汇篇 单词可以说一个人单词量的展现，如果总停留在使用very good 等小学词汇，那老师把你当成发育不完全也正常.所以要使用一些高级词汇（就象是给文章穿上了成人内衣），我不建议大家用考纲以外的词汇（当然你能用更好），下面教你用高级替换简单词汇~~ severe 替换掉serious（严重的）a severe water shortage严重缺水 wealthy 替换掉rich （富裕的） beneficial 替换掉good （有益的） undesirable 替换掉bad （不好的，不受欢迎的） nevertheless 替换掉however/but（然而，不过） fundamental / significant/vital /crucial 替换掉important（重要的） relevant 替换掉related （有关的）....is highly relevant to....... extraordinary/amazing 替换掉surprising （惊人的，非凡的） provided/providing （that）替换掉if （如果.....） on condition that 替换掉as long as promote /strengthen 替换掉improve （提高，加强） cope with 替换掉solve（解决） motivate 替换掉encourage（激励） pros and cons 替换掉advantages and disadvantage（s好处和坏处） --You must consider all the pros and cons of the matter before you

英语写作中可替换的高级词汇

1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) The way you and I approach today, and each day, is crucial. 我们对待今天以及每一天的方式都是至关重要的。 Whether at work or at home, the goal is to engage in activities that are both personally significant and enjoyable. 无论在工作中还是在家里，目标都是从事个人重大的并且令人愉快的活动。 https://www.docsj.com/doc/8c204651.html,mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) Music has been called the universal language. 人们称音乐为世界的语言. Happiness is ubiquitous, may fall short of demand. 幸福无处不在,可还是供不应求. 3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) He has received ample praise for the work he did. 他所做的工作，使他获得了广泛的赞美。 This place has plentiful material resources. 这地方的物质资源是丰富的。 4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly) We adhere to the principle that everyone should be treated fairly. 我们必须坚持人人都应该被平等对待这一原则。 The children cling to their father for more pocket money. 孩子们粘着爸爸，要他再给些零花钱。 5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.) Focus in the person who are talking with you,ignore something else. 把全身的注意力都集中在与你谈话的人身上，忽略其他。 6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent) His house is adjacent to mine. 他的寓所与我的相毗连。 It is certain that virtue adjoins pride on one side. 好的品德常会引人走向骄傲自满的一面，那是不假的。 7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL) He wooed and won her. 他向她求爱成功而结婚。 Older people may seek their own friends rather than become too emotionally dependent on their children.

英语作文 常用替换高级词汇

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.增补(Addition) in addition另外, furthermor e此外, again, also, besides, moreover此外, similarly, finally最后2.比较(Comparison) in the same way, likewise同样地, similarly, equally, in comparison比较起来, just as同样地3.对照(Contrast) whereas然而, in contrast与此相反, on the other hand, instead同样, however然而, nevertheless然而, unlike, even though即使, on the contrary, while 4.因果(Cause and effect) because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus 5.强调(Emphasis) certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant 6.让步(Concession) although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true.... 7.例证(Exemplification) for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration. 8.总结(Conclusion) to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary 9.推断(Inference) therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise 10.时间和空间(Time and space) afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of 11.启承转合 1)、启 A proverb says...... At present....... As the proverb says.... Currently..... Generally speaking, .... Now,.... In general, ..... On the Whole.... It is clear that.... Recently..... It is often said that.... Without doubt, ....... 2)、承 First(of all), ...... Moreover, ......... Firstly, ............ No one can deny that.... In the first place, ......... Obviously..... To begin with, ......... Of course, ......... Also, ....... Similarly,......... At the same time...... Therefore, we should realize that..... Certainly...... There is no doubt that....... In addition,..... What`s more, .......... In fact........ It can be easily proved that...

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英语作文替换高级词汇 汇总 内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）

1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)重要的 =universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)普遍的 =ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)丰富的 =adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)粘着，黏附 =ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)忽视 =adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)邻近的 =woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)追求 =precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)准确的 =obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)模糊的 =peak, summit顶点 =rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)对手 =condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)谴责 =perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)观点 =prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation名声 =erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish建立 =humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)羞辱 =grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)抱怨 =radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental基本的 =alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)减轻，缓解

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英语高级词汇替换

. people表示“人，民族”。查看与person的区别。 individuals/characters/folks/citizen/the public However : nevertheles problem : issue/question/case/trouble/difficulty/dilemma people : individuals/characters/folks/citizen/the public in my opinion : or my part/from my own perspective humans : the human race/humanity/humankind more and more : a(n) increasing/mounting number of Because : as/due to/since/as to/in that/for the reason that/for/now that so : therefore/thus/consequently/accordingly/as a result/for that reason/hence/that's why have right to在做“应该得到”讲时，近义表达有be worthy of或deserve。very : verwhelmingly/exceedingly/extremely/intensely is bad for : be harmful for a lot of : an army of cause:contribute

to/give rise to/lead to/result in/trigger/endanger in my opinion : or my part/from my own perspective So : therefore/thus/consequently/accordingly/as a result/for that reason/hence/that's why reasons : cause/factor/contributor/trigger some : quiet a few a part of : a slice of wrong : erroneous . . be detrimental to is harmful to : 1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off

英语写作高级词汇替换大全

. 增补(Addition) in addition 另外, furthermor e 此外, again, also, besides, moreover 此外, similarly, finally 最后 2. 比较(Comparison) in the same way, likewise 同样地, similarly, equally, in comparison 比较起来, just as 同样地3. 对照(Contrast) whereas 然而, in contrast 与此相反, on the other hand, instead 同样, however 然而, nevertheless 然而, unlike, even though 即使, on the contrary, while 4. 因果(Cause and effect) because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus 5. 强调(Emphasis) certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant 6. 让步(Concession) although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true .... 7. 例证(Exemplification) for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration. 8. 总结(Conclusion) to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary 9. 推断(Inference) therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise 10. 时间和空间(Time and space) afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of 11. 启承转合 1) 、启 A proverb says ............. At present As the proverb says .. Currently.... Generally speaking, . Now, ...... In general, On the Whole It is clear that ... Recently .... It is often said that .. Without doubt, ....... 2) 、承 First(of all), ..... Moreover, ....... Firstly, ............ No one can deny that In the first place, ....... Obviously ...... To begin with, ........ Of course, ....... Also, ..... Similarly, ........ At the same time ... Therefore, we should realize that ....... Certainly ....... There is no doubt that .... In addition,..... What's more, ........... In fact ...... It can be easily proved that... Meanwhile ....