自考英语毕业论文范文

2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文

高等教育自学考试

毕业论文

Bronte sisters in the literary history

毕业学校：华南理工大学

办学单位：广东XX职业技术学院

班级：英语10级

学生：钟 X X

指导老师：曹老师

提交日期：2012年9月30日

华南理工大学高等教育自学考试

二○一二年六月

附表4华南理工大学高等教育自学考试

毕业设计（论文）任务书

注：1．毕业设计（论文）任务书由指导教师填写，由指导教师签发，经毕业设计（论文）指导小组组长审核后生效。

2．“课题来源”一栏：

A．指导教师的科研课题；

B．指导教师收集的科研和生产实际中的课题；

C．学生在科学活动和工程实践中自立的课题；

D．自拟课题。

在表中相应栏内打“√”。

华南理工大学自考办制表

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毕业设计（论文）水平指导教师审阅评语书

注：平时成绩评定依据：1、出勤、纪律、协作精神；2、独立工作能力；3、工作勤奋及刻苦精神；

4、独立思考与主动性；

5、外文资料翻译情况（本科）。

Abstract

The Bront?s were a nineteenth-century literary family associated with the village of Haworth in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. The sisters, Charlotte (born 21 April 1816), Emily (born 30 July 1818), and Anne (born 17 January 1820), are well known as poets and novelists. They originally published their poems and novels under masculine pseudonyms, following the custom of the times practised by female writers. Their stories immediately attracted attention, although not always the best, for their passion and originality. Charlotte's Jane Eyre was the first to know success, while Emily's Wuthering Heights, Anne's The Tenant of Wildfell Hall and other works were later to be accepted as masterpieces of literature.

Key words: Bronte Sister, novel, literature

摘要

布朗蒂，是19世纪，来自英格兰约克郡布拉福德的西北部的小村庄的一个著名的文学世家。其中的三姐妹夏洛蒂，艾米莉，安妮是以她们的诗作最为著名。她们根据当时的传统惯例，她们以男性笔名的身份出版了诗集和小说。她们的故事很有吸引力，即使不是最好的，但很有他们的激情和创造力。《简爱》是夏洛蒂最为著名的作品，而之后艾米莉的《呼啸山庄》，安妮的《女房客》和之后的其他的一些作品被当做世界文学史上不可多得的著作。

关键词：布朗蒂，小说，文学

Contents

Abstract (4)

摘要 (5)

Introduction (7)

Chapter1 Brief introduction of Bronte Sisters (8)

1.1Charlotte Bront e (8)

1.2Emily Bront e (10)

1.3Anne Bront e (13)

Chapter 2 . main works of Bronte Sisters (17)

2.1Jane Eyre (17)

2.2Wuthering Heights (223)

2.3Agnes Grey (299)

Chapter 3 Bronte Sisters on the influence of world literature (32)

3.1Charlotte Bront e (32)

3.2Emily Bront e (32)

3.3Anne Bront e (33)

Chapter 4 Impression after reading (35)

4.1The Independent Spirit—— Jane Eyre (35)

4.2Love and revenge——Wuthering heights (35)

4.3 With the reality of the struggle——Agnes Grey (36)

Chapter 5 conclusion. (38)

Referece (40)

Acknowledgement (41)

Intoduction

Jane Eyre is a i ndependent character of female narrative. Emily Bronte’s’ Wuthering Heights is on the extreme love and personality description. To these fictional worlds were the product of fertile imagination fed by reading, discussion, and a passion for literature. Far from suffering from the negative influences that never left them and which were reflected in the works of their later, more mature years, the Bront? Sisters absorbed them with open arms .To most people

i mpressive lonely mood is Anne Bronte’s’ Agnes Greyy.In conclusion ,they are all talented.

In my paper here ,there will have four chapters to my view my point :Chapter one describe Brief introduction of Bronte Sisters. Chapter two present main works of Bronte Sisters, such as Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights. Chapter three is that Bronte Sisters on the influence of world literature. Chapter four is the conclusion.

Chpter1 Brief introduction of Bronte Sisters

1.1Charlotte Bront e

Charlotte Bronte (21 April 1816 – 31 March 1855) was an

English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Bront?

sisters who survived into adulthood, whose novels are

English literature standards. She wrote Jane Eyre under the

pen name Currer Bell.

1.1.1 Early life and education

Charlotte was born in Thornton, Y orkshire in 1816, the

third of six children, to Maria (née Branwell) and her

husband Patrick Bront? (formerly surnamed Brunty or

Prunty), an Irish Anglican clergyman. In 1820, the family moved a few miles to the village of Haworth, where Patrick had been appointed Perpetual Curate of St Michael and All Angels Church. Charlotte's mother died of cancer on 15 September 1821, leaving five daughters and a son to be taken care of by her sister Elizabeth Branwell.

In August 1824, Charlotte was sent with three of her sisters, Emily, Maria, and Elizabeth, to the Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge in Lancashire (She used the school as the basis for Lowood School in Jane Eyre). The school's poor conditions, Charlotte maintained, permanently affected her health and physical development and hastened the deaths of her two elder sisters, Maria (born 1814) and Elizabeth (born 1815), who died of tuberculosis in June 1825. Soon after their deaths, her father removed Charlotte and Emily from the school.

At home in Haworth Parsonage Charlotte acted as "the motherly friend and guardian of her younger sisters". She and her surviving siblings — Branwell, Emily, and Anne – created their own literary fictional worlds, and began chronicling the lives and struggles of the inhabitants of these imaginary kingdoms. Charlotte and Branwell wrote Byronic stories about their imagined country , "Angria", and Emily and Anne wrote articles and poems about "Gondal". The sagas they created were elaborate and convoluted (and still exist in partial manuscripts) and provided them with an obsessive interest during childhood and early adolescence, which prepared them for their literary vocations in adulthood.

Charlotte continued her education at Roe Head in Mirfield, from 1831 to 1832, where she met her lifelong friends and correspondents, Ellen Nussey and Mary Taylor.[1] Shortly after she wrote the novella The Green Dwarf (1833) using the name Wellesley. Charlotte returned to Roe Head as a teacher from 1835 to 1838. In 1839, she took up the first of many positions as governess to families in Y orkshire, a career she pursued until 1841. Politically a Tory, she preached tolerance rather than revolution. She held high moral principles, and, despite her shyness in company, was always prepared to argue her beliefs.

Brussels

In 1842 Charlotte and Emily travelled to Brussels to enrol in a boarding school run by Constantin Heger (1809–96) and his wife Claire Zoé Parent Heger (1804–87). In return for board and tuition, Charlotte taught English and Emily taught music. Their time at the boarding school was cut short when Elizabeth Branwell, their aunt who joined the family after the death of their mother to look after the children, died of internal obstruction in October 1842. Charlotte returned alone to Brussels in January 1843 to take up a teaching post at the school. Her second stay was not a happy one; she became lonely, homesick and deeply attached to Constantin Heger. She returned to Haworth in January 1844 and used her time at the boarding school as the inspiration for some experiences in The Professor and Villette.

1.1.2 Novels

Jane Eyre, published 1847

Shirley, published in 1849

Villette, published in 1853

The Professor, written before Jane Eyre, submitted at first along with Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey, then separately, and rejected in either form by many publishing houses, published posthumously in 1857

Emma, unfinished; Charlotte Bront? wrote only 20 pages of the manuscript, published posthumously in 1860. In recent decades, at least two continuations of this fragment have appeared:

Emma, by "Charlotte Bront? and Another Lady", published 1980; although this has been attributed to Elizabeth Goudge, the actual author was Constance Savery.

Emma Brown, by Clare Boylan, published 2003

Poetry

Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell (1846)

Selected Poems of The Bront?s, Everyman Poetry (1997)

1.1.3 Illness and subsequent death

In June 1854, Charlotte married Arthur Bell Nicholls, her father's curate and possibly the model for Jane Eyre's St. John Rivers. She became pregnant soon after the marriage. Her health declined rapidly during this time, and according to Gaskell, she was attacked by "sensations of perpetual nausea and ever-recurring faintness." Charlotte died, with her unborn child, on 31 March 1855, at the age of 38. Her death certificate gives the cause of death as phthisis (tuberculosis), but many biographers suggest she may have died from dehydration and malnourishment, caused by excessive vomiting from severe morning sickness or hyperemesis gravidarum. There is evidence to suggest that Charlotte died from typhus she may have caught from Tabitha Ackroyd, the Bront? household's oldest servant, who died shortly before her. Charlotte was interred in the family vault in the Church of St Michael and All Angels at Haworth.

Posthumously, her first-written novel was published in 1857. The fragment she worked on in her last years in 1860 has been twice completed by recent authors, the more famous version being Emma Brown: A Novel from the Unfinished Manuscript by Charlotte Bront? by Clare Boylan in 2003. Much Angria material has appeared in published form since the author's death.

1.2 Emily Bront?

Emily Jane Bront? (30 July 1818 – 19 December 1848) was an

English novelist and poet, best remembered for her solitary

novel, Wuthering Heights, now considered a classic of English

literature. Emily was the third eldest of the four surviving Bront?

siblings, between the youngest Anne and her brother Branwell.

She published under the pen name Ellis Bell.

Emily Bront? was born on 30 July 1818 in Thornton, near

Bradford in Y orkshire, to Maria Branwell and Patrick Bront?.

She was the younger sister of Charlotte Bront? and the fifth of

six children. In 1824, the family moved to Haworth, where Emily's father was perpetual curate, and it was in these surroundings that their literary gifts flourished.

1.2.1 Early life and education

After the death of their mother in 1821, when Emily was three years old,[3] the older sisters Maria, Elizabeth and Charlotte were sent to the Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge, where they encountered abuse and privations later described by Charlotte in Jane Eyre. Emily joined the school for a brief period. When a typhus epidemic swept the school, Maria and Elizabeth caught it. Maria, who may actually have had tuberculosis, was sent home, where she died. Emily was subsequently removed from the school along with Charlotte and Elizabeth. Elizabeth died soon after their return home.

The three remaining sisters and their brother Patrick Branwell were thereafter educated at home by their father and aunt Elizabeth Branwell, their mother's sister. In their leisure time the children created a number of fantasy worlds, which were featured in stories they wrote and enacted about the imaginary adventures of their toy soldiers along with the Duke of Wellington and his sons, Charles and Arthur Wellesley. Little of Emily's work from this period survives, except for poems spoken by characters (The Bront?s' Web of Childhood, Fannie Ratchford, 1941).[4] When Emily was 13, she and Anne withdrew from participation in the Angria story and began a new one about Gondal, a large island in the North Pacific. With the exception of Emily's Gondal poems and Anne's lists of Gondal's characters and place-names, their writings on Gondal were not preserved. Some "diary papers" of Emily's have survived in which she describes current events in Gondal, some of which were written, others enacted with Anne. One dates from 1841, when Emily was twenty-three: another from 1845, when she was twenty-seven.

At seventeen, Emily attended the Roe Head girls' school, where Charlotte was a teacher, but managed to stay only three months before being overcome by extreme homesickness. She returned home and Anne took her place.[6] At this time, the girls' objective was to obtain sufficient education to open a small school of their own.

1.2.2 Adulthood

Emily became a teacher at Law Hill School in Halifax beginning in September 1838, when she was twenty. Her health broke under the stress of the 17-hour work day and she returned home in April 1839. Thereafter she became the stay-at-home daughter, doing most of the cooking and

cleaning and teaching Sunday school. She taught herself German out of books and practised piano.

Constantin Heger, teacher of Charlotte and Emily during their stay in Brussels, on a daguerreotype dated from circa 1865.

Plaque in BrusselsIn 1842, Emily accompanied Charlotte to Brussels, Belgium, where they attended a girls' academy run by Constantin Heger. They planned to perfect their French and German in anticipation of opening their school. Nine of Emily's French essays survive from this period. The sisters returned home upon the death of their aunt. They did try to open a school at their home, but were unable to attract students to the remote area.In 1844, Emily began going through all the poems she had written, recopying them neatly into two notebooks. One was labelled "Gondal Poems"; the other was unlabelled. Scholars such as Fannie Ratchford and Derek Roper have attempted to piece together a Gondal storyline and chronology from these poems. In the autumn of 1845, Charlotte discovered the notebooks and insisted that the poems be published. Emily, furious at the invasion of her privacy, at first refused, but relented when Anne brought out her own manuscripts and revealed she had been writing poems in secret as well.

In 1846, the sisters' poems were published in one volume as Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. The Bront? sisters had adopted pseudonyms for publication: Charlotte was Currer Bell, Emily was Ellis Bell and Anne was Acton Bell. Charlotte wrote in the "Biographical Notice of Ellis and Acton Bell" that their "ambiguous choice" was "dictated by a sort of conscientious scruple at assuming Christian names positively masculine, while we did not like to declare ourselves women, because... we had a vague impression that authoresses are liable to be looked on with prejudice[.]" Charlotte contributed 20 poems, and Emily and Anne each contributed 21. Although the sisters were told several months after publication that only two copies had sold, they were not discouraged. The Athenaeum reviewer praised Ellis Bell's work for its music and power, and the Critic reviewer recognized "the presence of more genius than it was supposed this utilitarian age had devoted to the loftier exercises of the intellect."

1.2.3 Death

Emily's health, like her sisters', had been weakened by unsanitary conditions at home, the source of water being contaminated by runoff from the church's graveyard. She became sick during her brother's funeral in September 1848. Though her condition worsened steadily, she rejected medical help and all proffered remedies, saying that she would have "no poisoning doctor" near her. She eventually died of tuberculosis, on 19 December 1848 at around two in the afternoon.

She was interred in the Church of St. Michael and All Angels family vault, Haworth, West Y orkshire.

1.3 Anne Bront e

Anne Bronte (17 January 1820 – 28 May 1849) was

a British novelist and poet, the youngest member of

the Bront? literary family.

The daughter of a poor Irish clergyman in the Church

of England, Anne Bronte lived most of her life with

her family at the parish of Haworth on the Y orkshire

moors. For a couple of years she went to a boarding

school. At the age of nineteen, she left Haworth

working as a governess between 1839 and 1845.

After leaving her teaching position, she fulfilled her

literary ambitions. She wrote a volume of poetry with

her sisters (Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell,

1846) and in short succession she wrote two novels.

Agnes Grey, based upon her experiences as a

governess, was published in 1847. Her second and last novel, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, which is mainly considered to be one of the first sustained feminist novels, appeared in 1848. Anne's life was cut short with her death of pulmonary

tuberculosis when she was 29 years old.

Mainly because the republication of The Tenant of Wildfell Hall was prevented by Charlotte Bront? after its author's death, Anne is less known than her sisters, Charlotte, author of four

novels including Jane Eyre; and Emily, author of Wuthering Heights. Anne's two novels, written in a sharp and ironic style, are completely different from the romanticism followed by her sisters. She wrote in a realistic, rather than a romantic style. Her novels, like those of her sisters, have become classics of English literature

1.3.1 Early life

Anne, the youngest member of the Bront? children, was born on 17 January 1820, at 74 Market Street in Thornton where her father was curate and she was baptised there on 25 March 1820.

Shortly after, Anne's father was appointed to the perpetual curacy in Haworth, a small town seven

miles (11 km) away. In April 1820, the Bront?s moved into Haworth Parsonage, a five-room building which became their home for the rest of their lives.

Anne was barely a year old when her mother became ill of what is believed to have been uterine cancer. Maria Branwell died on 15 September 1821. In order to provide a mother for his children, Patrick tried to remarry, but he had no success. Maria's sister, Elizabeth Branwell (1776–1842), moved to the parsonage, initially to nurse her dying sister, but she subsequently spent the rest of her life there raising the children. She did it from a sense of duty, but she was a stern woman who expected respect, rather than love. There was little affection between her and the eldest children, but she related to Anne, her favourite according to tradition. Anne shared a room with her aunt, they were close which may have influenced Anne's personality and religious beliefs.

In Elizabeth Gaskell's biography, Anne's father remembered her as precocious, reporting that once, when she was four years old, in reply to his question about what a child most wanted, she answered: "age and experience".

In summer 1824, Patrick sent his eldest daughters Maria, Elizabeth, Charlotte and Emily to Crofton Hall in Crofton, West Y orkshire, and later to the Clergy Daughter's School at Cowan Bridge in Lancashire. When his two eldest daughters died of consumption in 1825, Maria on 6 May and Elizabeth on 15 June, Charlotte and Emily were immediately brought home. The unexpected deaths distressed the family so much that Patrick could not face sending them away again. For the next five years, the Bront? children were educated at home, largely by their father and aunt. The Bront? children made little attempt to mix with others outside the parsonage, but relied on each other for friendship and companionship. The bleak moors surrounding Haworth became their playground.

1.3.2 Juvenilia

Around 1831, when Anne was eleven, she and Emily broke away from Charlotte and Branwell to create and develop their own fantasy world, Gondal. Anne was particularly close to Emily especially after Charlotte's departure for Roe Head School, in January 1831.[30] When Charlotte's friend Ellen Nussey visited Haworth in 1833, she reported that Emily and Anne were "like twins", "inseparable companions". She described Anne: "Anne, dear gentle Anne was quite different in appearance from the others, and she was her aunt's favourite. Her hair was a very pretty light brown, and fell on her neck in graceful curls. She had lovely violet-blue eyes; fine pencilled eyebrows and a clear almost transparent complexion. She still pursued her studies and especially her sewing, under the surveillance of her aunt." Anne took lessons from Charlotte, after

she returned from Roe Head. Charlotte returned to Roe Head as a teacher on 29 July 1835 accompanied by Emily as a pupil; her tuition largely financed by Charlotte's teaching. Within a few months, Emily unable to adapt to life at school, was physically ill from homesickness. She was withdrawn from school by October, and replaced by Anne.

Aged fifteen, it was Anne's first time away from home, and she made few friends at Roe Head. She was quiet and hard working, and determined to stay and get the education she needed to support herself. Anne stayed for two years, winning a good-conduct medal in December 1836, and returning home only during Christmas and the summer holidays. Anne and Charlotte do not appear to have been close while at Roe Head (Charlotte's letters almost never mention Anne) but Charlotte was concerned about her sister's health. Sometime before December 1837, Anne became seriously ill with gastritis and underwent a religious crisis. A Moravian minister was called to see her several times during her illness, suggesting her distress was caused, in part, by conflict with the local Anglican clergy. Charlotte wrote to her father who took Anne home where she remained while she recovered.

1.3.3 A book of poems

The Bront? sisters, painted by their brother, Branwell, c. 1834. From left to right: Anne, Emily and Charlotte (there still remains a shadow of Branwell, which appeared after he painted himself out).

In summer 1845, all the Bront?s were at home with their father. None had any immediate prospect of employment. At this time Charlotte came across Emily's poems which had been shared only with Anne, her partner in the world of Gondal. Charlotte proposed that they be published. Anne revealed her own poems. Charlotte's reaction was characteristically patronising: "I thought that these verses too had a sweet sincere pathos of their own". Eventually the sisters reached an agreement. They told neither Branwell, nor their father, nor their friends about what they were doing. Anne and Emily contributed 21 poems and Charlotte 19. With Aunt Branwell's money, the sisters paid to have the collection published

Afraid their work would be judged differently if they revealed they were women, the book appeared under three pseudonyms—or pen-names, the initials of which were the same as their own.[57] Charlotte became Currer Bell, Emily, Ellis Bell and Anne, Acton Bell. Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell was available for sale in May 1846. The cost of publication was about

three-quarters of Anne's salary at Thorp Green. On 7 May 1846, the first three copies of the book were delivered to Haworth Parsonage. It achieved three somewhat favourable reviews, but was a

dismal failure, with only two copies being sold in the first year. Anne, however, began to find a market for her more recent poetry. Both the Leeds Intelligencer and Fraser's Magazine published her poem "The Narrow Way" under her pseudonym, Acton Bell. Four months earlier, in August, Fraser's Magazine had published her poem "The Three Guides".

1.3.4 Death

Anne Bronte's grave at Scarborough

In February 1849, Anne seemed somewhat better. She decided to make a return visit to Scarborough in the hope that the change of location and fresh sea air might initiate a recoveryOn 24 May 1849, Anne said her goodbyes to her father and the servants at Haworth, and set off for Scarborough with Charlotte and Ellen Nussey. En route, they spent a day and a night in York, where, escorting Anne around in a wheelchair, they did some shopping, and at Anne's request, visited York Minster. However, it was clear that Anne had little strength left.

On Sunday, 27 May, Anne asked Charlotte whether it would be easier if she returned home to die instead of remaining at Scarborough. A doctor, consulted the next day, indicated that death was close. Anne received the news quietly. She expressed her love and concern for Ellen and Charlotte, and seeing Charlotte's distress, whispered to her to "take courage".Conscious and calm, Anne died at about two o'clock in the afternoon, Monday, 28 May 1849.

Over the following days, Charlotte made the decision to "lay the flower where it had fallen". Anne was buried, not in Haworth with the rest of her family, but in Scarborough. The funeral was held on Wednesday, 30 May, which did not allow time for Patrick Bront? to make the 70-mile (110 km) journey, had he wished to do so. The former schoolmistress at Roe Head, Miss Wooler, was in Scarborough and she was the only other mourner at Anne's funeral. She was buried in St. Mary's churchyard, beneath the castle walls, overlooking the bay. Charlotte commissioned a stone to be placed over her grave, with the simple inscription "Here lie the remains of Anne Bront?, daughter of the Revd. P. Bronte, Incumbent of Haworth, Yorkshire. She died, Aged 28, 28 May 1849". Anne was 29 at the time of her death.

Chapter 2 . main works of Bronte Sisters

2.1 Jane Eyre

Jane Eyre is a novel by English writer Charlotte Bront?.

It was published in London, England, in 1847 by Smith,

Elder & Co. with the title Jane Eyre. An Autobiography

under the pen name "Currer Bell." The first American

edition was released the following year by Harper &

Brothers of New York. Writing for the Penguin edition,

Stevie Davies describes it as an "influential feminist text"

because of its in-depth exploration of a strong female

character's

feelings.

Primarily

of the bildungsroman genre, Jane Eyre follows the emotions

and experiences of eponymous Jane Eyre, her growth to

adulthood, and her love for Mr. Rochester, the byronic[1]

master of Thornfield Hall. The novel contains elements

of social criticism, with a strong sense of morality at its

core, but is nonetheless a novel many consider ahead of

its time given the individualistic character of Jane and the novel's exploration of sexuality,

religion, and proto-feminism. Jane Eyre is a first-person narrative of the title character.

The novel goes through five distinct stages: Jane's childhood at Gateshead, where she is

emotionally and physically abused by her aunt and cousins; her education at Lowood School,

where she acquires friends and role models but also suffers privations and oppression; her time as the governess of Thornfield Hall, where she falls in love with her Byronic employer, Edward Rochester; her time with the Rivers family during which her earnest but cold clergyman cousin, St John Rivers, proposes to her; and the finale with her reunion with, and marriage to, her beloved Rochester.

Jane Eyre is divided into 38 chapters and most editions are at least 400 pages long. The original publication was in three volumes, comprising chapters 1 to 15, 16 to 26, and 27 to 38; this was a common publishing format during the 19th century (see three-volume novel).

Bront? dedicated the novel's second edition to William Makepeace Thackeray

2.1.1 Plot summary

Young Jane argues with her guardian Mrs. Reed of Gateshead. Illustration by F. H. Townsend.

The novel begins with a ten-year-old orphan named Jane Eyre who is living with her maternal uncle's family, the Reeds, as her uncle's dying wish. Jane's parents died of typhus. Jane’s aunt Sarah Reed does not like her and treats her worse than a servant and discourages and at times forbids her children from associating with her. She claimed that Jane was not worthy of notice. She and her three children are abusive to Jane, physically and emotionally. One day Jane is locked in the red room, where her uncle died, and panics after seeing visions of him. She is finally rescued when she is allowed to attend Lowood School for Girls. Before she leaves, she stands up to Mrs. Reed and declares that she'll never call her "aunt" again. And that she'd tell everyone at Lowood how cruel she was to her. And says that Mrs. Reed is deceitful, as well as her daughter Georgiana. John Reed, her son, a very rude and disrespectful, even to his own mother, who he sometimes had called "old girl", and his sisters, was the worst to Jane and was hated by her even more than Mrs. Reed. Mr. Reed had been the only one in the Reed family to be kind to Jane. The servant Abbot is also always rude to Jane. The servant Bessie is sometimes scolding and sometimes nice. Jane liked Bessie the best.

Jane arrives at Lowood Institution, a charity school, the head of which (Brocklehurst) has been told that she is deceitful. During an inspection, Jane accidentally breaks her slate, and Mr. Brocklehurst, the self-righteous clergyman who runs the school, brands her a liar and shames her before the entire assembly. Jane is comforted by her friend, Helen Burns. Miss Temple, a caring teacher, facilitates Jane's self-defense and writes to Mr. Lloyd, whose reply agrees with Jane's. Ultimately, Jane is publicly cleared of Mr. Brocklehurst's accusations.

The eighty pupils at Lowood are subjected to cold rooms, poor meals, and thin clothing. Many students fall ill when a typhus epidemic strikes. Jane's friend Helen dies of consumption in her arms. When Mr. Brocklehurst's neglect and dishonesty are discovered, several benefactors erect a new building and conditions at the school improve dramatically.

After six years as a student and two years as a teacher, Jane decides to leave Lowood, like her friend and confidante Miss Temple. She advertises her services as a governess, and receives one reply. It is from Alice Fairfax, the housekeeper at Thornfield Hall. She takes the position, teaching Adele Varens, a young French girl. While Jane is walking one night to a nearby town, a horseman passes her. The horse slips on ice and throws the rider. She helps him to the horse. Later, back at the mansion she learns that this man is Edward Rochester, master of the house. He teases her, asking whether she bewitched his horse to make him fall. Adele is his ward, left in Mr. Rochester's care when her mother died. Mr. Rochester and Jane enjoy each other's company and spend many hours together.

Odd things start to happen at the house, such as a strange laugh, a mysterious fire in Mr. Rochester's room, on which Jane throws water, and an attack on Rochester's house guest, Mr. Mason. Jane receives word that her aunt was calling for her, after being in much grief because her son has died. She returns to Gateshead and remains there for a month caring for her dying aunt. Mrs. Reed gives Jane a letter from Jane's paternal uncle, Mr John Eyre, asking for her to live with him. Mrs. Reed admits to telling her uncle that Jane had died of fever at Lowood. Soon after, Jane's aunt dies, and she returns to Thornfield. Jane begins to communicate to her uncle John Eyre.

St. John Rivers admits Jane to Moor House.

After returning to Thornfield, Jane broods over Mr. Rochester's impending marriage to Blanche Ingram. But on a midsummer evening, he proclaims his love for Jane and proposes. As she prepares for her wedding, Jane's forebodings arise when a strange, savage-looking woman sneaks into her room one night and rips her wedding veil in two. As with the previous mysterious events, Mr. Rochester attributes the incident to drunkenness on the part of Grace Poole, one of his servants. During the wedding ceremony, Mr. Mason and a lawyer declare that Mr. Rochester cannot marry because he is still married to Mr. Mason’s sister Bertha. Mr. Rochester admits this is true, but explains that his father tricked him into the marriage for her money. Once they were united, he discovered that she was rapidly descending into madness and eventually locked her away in Thornfield, hiring Grace Poole as a nurse to look after her. When Grace gets drunk, his wife escapes, and causes the strange happenings at Thornfield. Mr. Rochester asks Jane to go

with him to the south of France, and live as husband and wife, even though they cannot be married. Refusing to go against her principles, and despite her love for him, Jane leaves Thornfield in the middle of the night.

Jane travels through England using the little money she had saved. She accidentally leaves her bundle of possessions on a coach and has to sleep on the moor, trying to trade her scarf and gloves for food. Exhausted, she makes her way to the home of Diana and Mary Rivers, but is turned away by the housekeeper. She faints on the doorstep, preparing for her death. St. John Rivers, Diana and Mary's brother and a clergyman, saves her. After she regains her health, St. John finds her a teaching position at a nearby charity school. Jane becomes good frie nds with the sisters, but St. John remains reserved.

The sisters leave for governess jobs and St. John becomes closer with Jane. St. John discovers Jane's true identity, and astounds her by showing her a letter stating that her uncle John Eyre has died and left her his entire fortune of ￡20,000 (equivalent to over ￡45.5 million in 2009, calculated using the share of GDP). When Jane questions him further, St. John reveals that Jo hn is also his and his sisters' uncle. They had once hoped for a share of the inheritance, but have since resigned themselves to nothing. Jane, overjoyed by finding her family, insists on sharing the money equally with her cousins, and Diana and Mary come to Moor House to stay.

Thinking she will make a suitable missionary's wife, St. John asks Jane to marry him and to go with him to India, not out of love, but out of duty. Jane initially accepts going to India, but rejects the marriage proposal, suggesting they travel as brother and sister. As soon as Jane's resolve against marriage to St. John begins to weaken, she mysteriously hears Mr. Rochester's voice calling her name. Jane then returns to Thornfield to find only blackened ruins. She learns that Mr. Rochester's wife set the house on fire and committed suicide by jumping from the roof. In his rescue attempts, Mr. Rochester lost a hand and his eyesight. Jane reunites with him, but he fears that she will be repulsed by his condition. When Jane assures him of her love and tells him that she will never leave him, Mr. Rochester again proposes and they are married. He eventually recovers enough sight to see their first-born son.

2.1.2 Chararscte

Jane Eyre: The protagonist of the novel and the title character. Orphaned as a baby, she struggles through her nearly loveless childhood and becomes governess at Thornfield Hall. Jane is passionate and opinionated, and values freedom and independence. She also has a strong conscience and is a determined Christian.

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utilization （空一行） room places the furniture, the decoration goods or the daily life thing all have the color. Therefore must carry on the unification to them, enables them to carry on the slight change in the identical tone, achieves the harmonious effect. The color utilization can receive human's age, the sex and so on each kind of factor influence, but human's psychological feeling and the association and the color relational question also is closely linked.The color also can create the different sense of space, each room is all impossible alone to have one kind of tone, the different region is dissimilar to the color request. When room arrangement should choose suitably “joyful” the color, can be helpful after gets off work gets in the home to relax the tense nerve, thought the relaxation is comfortable.The different room function is different, the color should not be same; Is the same function room, like is similarly the living difference differently. （空一格） Color ；Space ；

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