2016届高考英语大二轮复习 第一部分 阅读理解 专题一 阅读理解 第5讲 篇章结构题即时演练

篇章结构题

建议用时：15分钟

A

[2015·重庆一中一诊]The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is of great importance P1

to African ecosystem (生态系统). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent P2 the builder of its environment. As a big plant-eater, it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna (稀树草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting_the_terms of existence W1 for millions of other animals that live in its habitat (栖息地)．

It is the elephant 's great desire W2 for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat .S

In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and underbushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in P3 numerous W3open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant eaters.

Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations W4，the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant eaters to move around and for small plant eaters to get their food as well.

What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast W5 areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.

本文主要讲述的就是在非洲草原的生物链中大象的重要作用，它不断的寻找食物拓宽了其他动物的生存空间等。

1．What is the passage mainly about?

A ．Disappearance of African elephants.

B．Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants.

C．The effect of African elephants' search for food.

D．The eating habit of African elephants.

答案：C 考查主旨大意。本文主要讲述的就是在非洲草原的生物链中大象的重要作用，它不断的寻找食物拓宽了其他动物的生存空间等。故C正确。

2．What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean?

A．Fixing the time. B．Worsening the state.

C．Improving the quality. D．Deciding the conditions.

答案：D 考查词义猜测。根据文章“As a big plant eater, it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna(稀树草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.”说明非洲大象塑造了草原的环境，也决定了其他动物的生存条件。故D项正确。

3．What do we know about the open spaces in the passage?

A．They result from the destruction of rain forests.

B．They provide food mainly for African elephants.

C．They are home to many endangered animals.

D．They are attractive to plant-eating animals of different kinds.

答案：D 考查细节理解。根据文章“This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant eaters”．说明开放的空间对于其他的食草动物也很重要。故D 项正确。

4．The passage is developed mainly by________.

A．showing the effect and then explaining the causes

B．pointing out similarities and differences

C．describing the changes in space order

D．giving examples

答案：A 考查篇章结构。本文主要通过描述大象的行为带来的具体影响以及对这些影响的原因的解释。故A项正确。

W重点词汇

1．existence n. 存在

2．desire v．/n. 欲望；要求

3．numerous adj. 许多的；很多的

4．situation n. 情况；形势

5．vast adj. 广阔的；巨大的

P重点短语

1．of great importance 很重要的

2．to a great extent 在很大程度上

3．result in 导致

S 句式仿写

原文：It is the elephant's great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. (强调句型)

译文：正是大象对食物的欲望使它成为环境的破坏者和栖息地的修建者。

仿写：It_was_the_culture_rather_than_the_language_that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.

是文化而不是语言，使他很难适应国外的新环境。

B

[2015·西安下学期月考] With the development of P1 society, the choice of food and drinks for children is more diversified than ever before. However, every coin has two sides. Many facts suggest that children are overweight W1and the situation is getting worse, according to the statistics W2. I feel there are a number of P2 reasons for this.

Some people blame W3 the fact that we are surrounded W4by shops selling unhealthy W5，fatty foods, such as fried chicken and ice cream, at low prices. This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves. If there were fewer of these restaurants then probably children would buy less take-away food.

There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight. I agree to P3 this, because good eating habits begin early in life, long before children start to visit fast food shops. If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food, or are always allowed to choose what they eat, they will go for sweet and salty foods every time, and this will carry on throughout their lives.

There is a third reason for this situation. Children these days take very little exercise. They do not walk to school. When they get home, they sit in front of the television or their computers. Not only is this an unhealthy pastime (消遣), it also

gives them time to eat more unhealthy food .S What they need is to go outside and play

active games or sports.

The above are the main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active, as well as guiding them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.

本文是健康类短文，本文第一段是一个中心段，提出儿童肥胖的问题，在2,3,4段中分别给出一个原因。在文章最后一段进行了总结提出了解决问题的方法。

5．What is suggested by the author to deal with “overw- eight”？

A．Blaming the shops selling unhealthy and fatty foods.

B．Asking young children to walk to school every day.

C．Living an active life and removing bad eating habits.

D．Not watching TV or playing computer games after school.

答案：C 考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段“The above are the main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active, as well as guiding them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.”可知作者给出的建议是要过着更为积极的生活而且要把一些不好的饮食习惯去除掉。故C项正确。

6．Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?

答案：B 考查篇章结构。本文第一段是一个中心段，提出儿童肥胖的问题，在2,3,4段中分别给出一个原因。在文章最后一段进行了总结提出了解决问题的方法。属于总分总的结构，故B正确。

7．The author writes the passage to________.

A．show people a social problem

B．provide facts for government

C．advise solutions to a problem

D．compare opinions with people

答案：C 考查推理判断。本文先提出一个问题：儿童肥胖；在2,3,4段中分析出现这一问题的原因，最后一段中提出对于这个问题的解决方法。作者写本文的目的是在于对一个问题的解决方法提出的建议。故C项正确。

8．The underlined word“diversified”in the first paragraph most probably means________.

A．various B．difficult

C．expensive D．available

答案：A 考查推理判断。根据本句“With the development of society, the choice of food and drinks for children is mor e diversified than ever before”可知现在的儿童在食物的选择方面很丰富，同时也带来了很大的问题。所以本词表示的是多种多样的；亦可根据diversity来猜测该词的意思与多样化有关，故A项正确。

W重点词汇

1．overweight adj. 超重的；过重的

2．statistics n. 数据；统计

3．blame n．/v. 责备；归咎于

4．surround v. 包围，围绕

5．unhealthy adj. 不健康的

P重点短语

1．with the development of 随着……的发展

2．a number of 许多的；大量的

3．agree to 同意；接受

S句式仿写

原文：Not only is this an unhealthy pastime, it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food.(倒装句)

译文：这不仅仅是一种不健康的消遣方式，而且也给他们吃更多不健康食物的时间。

仿写：Not_only_has_she_been_late_three_times_in_the_past_ three_days,_she has also done no work.

她在过去的三天不仅迟到过三次，还没干一点活。

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