模具专业翻译
1．XXX！你现在有空吗，我可以问你一些问题吗？
Could I ask you some questions if you are free?/ Are you free now? May I ask you some questions (a question)?
2．请问此产品的面是否为外观面？表面做什么处理？是晒纹/抛光？
Can you tell me whether the surface of this part is a visible/esthetic one? What will we do for its surface? Texture or Polishing?
3．请问产品这个面可否加顶针或顶块？产品允许加扁顶针吗？
Does this part need an ejector pin or an ejector bar? Can we add an ejector blade?
4．这个产品的柱位我们打算做司筒。（或镶针）可以吗？
Can we add ejector sleeves or ejector pins in the boss of this part?
5．产品的这个位置不能出模，我们打算做行位，在此面上会有分模线，你接受吗？
There's an undercut at this position and it needs a slider. It will also have a parting line on this side, is that OK?
6．产品里面的这个位置我们打算做斜顶或内行位，有问题吗？
We will make the lifter and (inner) slider in this position, will that be a problem?
7．你提供的2D产品图与3D产品图不一致，请问以哪一个图面为准？
The 2D and 3D drawing you provided is not the same, can you tell me which one is correct? 8．你提供的3D产品图有的地方没有出模角，有的地方胶位太厚，有的地方胶位太溥，这些产品问题我们可以自己修改吗？修改后会给交给你确认。
There is no draft angle in the 3D drawing, some materials are too thick, and some place are too thin. Can we modify this part by ourselves? We will send the drawing to you for you to check after we modify it.
9．按你们提供的缩水率千分之五，这个模具的尺寸已经做到了模具图面要求。但注塑出来的产品不符合你们的产品图。请确认你们的材料的缩水率是否正确？
Accoring to the shrinkage one over two hundred, the mold has been done in the right dimension, but the part falls short to your part drawing, are you sure the shrinkage is right? 10．产品的这个位置太小，导致模具钢料太溥，能够加宽这个位置吗？
This position is too small and will make the steel material here too thin, can we widen it here? 11．斜顶与后面的柱位空间太小，斜顶在运动时会干涉到柱子，能移动这个柱子的位置吗？The angular lifter interferes with the boss during ejection. Please consider changing the position of the boss.
12．这个筋骨位胶厚太溥，而且高度偏高，注塑时很难填充这个筋位，可以增加这个筋骨位的厚度吗？
The rib here is too thin and on the high side, so it will be difficult to fill here when we do the injection, can you inrcease the thickness of this rib?
13．你是想将此筋骨位的高度加高/减低吗？加胶的位置我们将用铜公放电加深。但减胶的位置有两种做法，1、做镶件；2、烧焊；因为镶件的底部有运水，我们简单的做法是烧焊处理，你可以接受吗？
Will you increase/decrease the material on this rib? We will use EDM if you add material, but there are two option if you choose to decrease:1.Make inserts;2.Welding, because there is water in the bottom of the insert, is that OK?
14．这个样板的筋骨位底部烧焦，是因为排气不良，我们可以在筋骨位的中间增加一个镶件。This sample has been burned in the bottom because the venting is not good, we can add an insert in the middle of the rib.
15．重做镶件大约需要5-6天时间，你能接受吗？
It will take about 5 or 6 days to redo the insert, is that OK?
16．产品的这个面我们已经做了晒纹处理，如果需要加胶，这个面我们需要重新外发晒纹。可能需要几天的时间。所以我们直接以铜公放电的火花纹取代你要求的纹路，你可以接受吗？We have made the texture on this side, if we add material, it will take some days to remake the texture by out-resourcing, so we suggest using the texture by EDM instead, is that OK? 17．模具是用公制/英制的配件？需要备用件吗？
Is this mold dimension measured in inches or meters? Does it need spare parts?
18．模具上铭牌上的刻字内容是由你们提供吗？你们什么时候可以这些刻字资料。
Will you provide the engraving content of the plate of this mold to us? When will you send it? 19．可否提供此模具生产时，注塑机的型号及相关资料。如：啤机大小、呵林柱尺寸、顶棍孔尺寸等
Can you provide the type of injection machine and other related information of this mold to us? Such as the boss dimension, the hole's dimension of the ejector pin and the size of the injection machine and so on.
20．这个问题我需要同其它同事商议会再答复你。
I need to discuss this problem with the other colleagues and then I will reply back to you. 21．我们将尽力达成你的计划，如有异常，会及时通知你。
We will try our best to complete your plan, if there are any complications, we will notify you immediately.
22.这个产品的长度为330.12MM,宽度为78.96MM,高度为45MM.胶厚为2MM,重量为70.63g,试模注塑机型号为250吨,胶料颜色为黑色,产品外表面晒纹处理,内表面为抛光.需要日期章、环保章、材料章.前后模用2344氮硬，斜顶和行位座用738H，以上模具信息正确吗？请确认！"The length of this part is 330.12MM, Width is 78.96MM, height is 45MM, thickness is 2MM, weight is 70.63g, the injection machine is 250T,the material is black, the outside of the part has texture, inner side needs polishing, and it also needs a date and recycle stamp,the core&cavity is 2344 nitridng, the lifter and slider shelf is 728H. Please check the information above!" 23．现在到了吃午钣的时间，我们下午再继续好吗？
It is time to have lunch, let's discuss this project later this afternoon?
24.和滑塊干涉的倒勾請加料填平至滑塊可以順利滑動
(The undercut area interferes with the slide block and needs to be filled with material to help the slider move smoothly.)
25. 加肉太多(The thickness added is too thick.)
26. 加肉面積太大(The thickening area is too wide.)
27.GATE位置移位( The gate position is moved.)
28. 滑塊拆的位置(The split line of slide block or the area of slide.)
29. 此處有尖角，填充困難(It is hard to fill this area due to the sharp feature.)
30. 此處鋼材太薄，強度不足而且不容易冷卻
(The strength of this area is too weak and it is hard to cool because the steel is too thin.) 31. 圓柱特徵要有一半圓不可以拆在滑塊上，以免粘滑塊造成拉白，拉斷
(We avoid designing the semicircle of the cylinder on the slide block because it will be pulled apart or cause drag marks.)
32. 此處做斜銷在作動時會削到成品肉厚
(The part will be damaged if we make the lifter in this area.)
33. 這個面是裝配面，不能加料
(This is a critical surface where we cannot add additional material.)
34. 此處料位太厚，會有縮水，建議減料改善
(Because of the shrinkage of the thickness, we suggest reducing some wall thickness to improve it.)
35. 此面是不是外觀面，此處做滑塊的話會有夾線，是否可以接受
"(Please confirm whether it is a critical surface or not. Also, confirm whether it is acceptable to have a slide split line if we have a slide in this area. )"
36. 此處有倒勾，能否減料，使公母模靠破，不做滑塊和斜銷
"(Please confirm whether we can reduce material to the area where we have an undercut as indicated to have shut off on cavity side. No slide block and lifter will be made. )"
37. 請盡快確認這種拆模方式和結構，否則會影響模期
(Please confirm the issues of Parting line, Gate position...Etc. as soon as possible; otherwise, the lead-time will be extended.)
38. 此面是否有特殊要求，能否有頂針印
(Please confirm whether it is a critical surface or not and if we can have E.J. pin marks on it.)
39. P.L面開在此處，模具上會有尖角和刀口，對模具壽命有影響
(There are sharp edges if we set the parting line here, It will reduce the tool life)
40. 加大拔模角，以便脫模順利 We suggest enlarging the draft angle to help release the tool.)
41. GATE做在此處的話有兩個缺點：1.蓋子打開時可以看到GATE的修剪部位; 2.兩個斜銷在同一側，頂出也不是很平衡.
(There are two problems if the gate is to be designed i n this area:
a). It is easy to see the gate mark when you open the cap.
b). The ejectors are unbalanced when two lifters are on the same side)
42. GATE做在此處的話.蓋子打開後看不到GATE的修剪部位
(The gate mark is not visible if the gate position is designed like this.)
43. 如果GATE一定要做在你們指定的位置的話，那還不如做在這一側，這樣的話還可以減小這個位置的縮水
"(If you insist that the gate position has to be like the original design, then we would further recommend to have
it to the area indicated so it can avoid a shrink problem in this area.)"
44. 在此處GATE做潛頂針的話，背後的外觀面會有沖料痕，而且成品又是黑色的，會最明顯(If the design of the gate has to be a sub. Gate, then the back surface of the part will have serious flow marks due to the black colour.)
22. P.L開在此處不合理，模具加工困難，P.L應改為和圖示的一樣
"(This area is not suitable to have a Parting line because the tool will become more complicated; therefore, we recommend to have the Parting line as indicated.)"
45。产品粘母模的機會很大，能否在公模加倒勾，拉料頂針或者公模保留E.D.M紋，開模時使成品留在公模一側
"(There is possible sticking on cavity; therefore, please confirm whether it can make undercuts, snatch pins or leave coarse E.D.M. on the core to snatch the part on) "
46.此處料厚段差很大，成品表面會有應力痕，是否接受
(Please confirm whether it is acceptable to have stress lines on the surface because the thickness is not equal.)
47. 請注明何處為外觀面，能否提供2D圖和注意事項
(Please advise where the critical surface is. Please also provide us a 2D drawing with critical dimensions. )
48. 紅色所示處是有問題的地方，請特別注意
(Please note the red highlights because those areas have problems.)
49. 成品設計此處有問題，建議如下圖所示修改
(We would suggest using the attached part design as the current design has problems.)
50. 此處改為一個球形的凹槽(We suggest modifying it as a globe recess.)
51. 圓柱特征要有一半不可以拆在滑塊裡，以防拉斷(this issue is the same as no.8)
52. 此處大滑塊上走小滑塊，小滑塊要先退，大滑塊要做延遲
(The inside small slide block will recede first and the parent slide block have to postpone sliding.)
53. 滑塊要用液壓油缸抽芯以保証開合模順序
(The slide pins will use an oil cylinder to assure that the process is in proper order.)
54. 這個面有裝配，加料的話裝配時會頂住，如圖所示
"(We cannot add material to this surface because it will intervene between the two parts when it is assembled. Please see the sketch attached. )"
55. 可降低斜銷面，增加成品些許肉厚來做變化
(To descend the surface of lifter in order to thicken the part.)
56. 一半做斜銷，一半做自然(One half side will have the lifter and the other half will be solid/nature.)
57. 此處兩個柱子重疊，有倒勾，不能做自然，要做SLIDE
"(These two bosses are overlapping with undercut therefore it can not be made as solid. We suggest making it with a slide block.)"
58. 此處強迫頂出(This area needs force ejection.)
59. 公模兩段開模，這個地方先退(Here will be a double ejection for forward and receding.)
60. 此處做鑲件會有夾線，能否接受 Please confirm whether it is acceptable that there will be
a split line here.)
61. 此面公母模1度靠破，會有段差，可否接受
(Please confirm whether it is ok to have mismatch to the area where there is 1 degree of shut off in Core / Cavity side.)
62. 這個尺寸能否加大(Please confirm whether we can enlarge this dimension.)
63. 此處加一個凹槽，膠片的彈出效果會更好一些，試模後看裝配的效果再做修正
"(It will affect the elastic of the film better if we add a recess. See how it will affect the assembly parts, and then make your decision.)"
64. 此處有倒勾，建議將剖面線所示部位CUT即可避免此處的倒勾
(There is an undercut here, we suggest cutting out the indicated part as it highlighted to avoid an undercut.)
65. 成型後SUB GATE要修平(The gate (sub gate) needs to be trimmed evenly after being moulded.)
66. 此處倒勾先垂直頂出，之後再手動取出
(This area of the undercut needs to be ejected vertically, then taken out manually.)
67. 這兩個面都有滑塊，GATE改在此處改不到
(The gate is not suitable in this area becuase there are two sliding blocks sealing off this area.)
68. 此處加做一個旋轉GATE，射出時方便調整成品的品質
(We would suggest placing a runner shut-off insert to adjust the volume of part filling.)
69. 此倒勾在滑塊上強迫脫模，倒勾是否可以減小到0.6
(This undercut will be force ejected out, Please confirm whether it can be reduced to 0.6 mm.)
70. 此柱子無法脫模，請確認是否是在轉圖時錯位，能否提供客戶的原始圖檔data. )
(This boss is not releasable. Please check the file again and if possible, pleas re-send us the original draft
71. 此柱子是實心的，會縮水(This boss will shrink because it is a solid boss.)
72. 這個面是否要咬花，咬花番號是什麼，最小的拔模角要多大
(Please confirm whether this surface needs to be textured or not. Please advise texture specs. Also, what's the min. draft. )
73. 這個面是否要打光，貼標簽
(Please confirm whether this surface needs to be polished and stuck on a sticker.)
74. 紅色顯示的幾個面拔模角太小，出模時會拉傷，建議加大拔模角
"(The red highlighted area has a problem of a small draft angle. We suggest enlarging the draft to avoid casuing drag marks on the part.)"
75. 此RIB太薄，會填充不足(This rib can not be filled properly because it is too thin.)
76. 此RIB太厚，會縮水(This rib will have a shrink problem because it is too thick.)
77. 此處倒勾出模困難，建議先不做倒勾，成型後再二次加工，但要做治具，費用要另外算(There are problems with this current design, we recommend doing this undercut as an alternative but there will be additional costs.)
78. 柱子底部都要做火山口
(The base of all bosses require a crater to avoid shrinkage.)
1.镶件，P.L.面有充足排气坑，P.L.面要开环形排气槽,并能将气体排到模外。
Insert/PL should have adequate venting,PL should have around slot for venting.
79.顶棍孔镶件端面距离底板面0,5mm,攻m20牙;
the surface of KO insert shound below bottom plate 0.5mm,thread M20.
80.回针，中托司与模胚部份避空0.5mm；
RP,EGP should have 0.5mm gap with the moldbase.
81.排气槽距封胶位10-15mm；
Venting slot distance from the seal off position 10-15mm
82.运水进用E ，运水出用 S ；
Intake"E",Outtake"S"
83.底面板均要有隔热板,DME规格1/4厚；
Top/Bottom plate must have insulator plate,DME standard 1/4'H
84.吊环要在模具的重心（保证吊模时的平衡）;
Eyebolt should on the center of the mold(for balance)
85.吊模螺丝的位置要在前/后模部份的重心,保持平衡；
The eyebolt position on the cavity/core side should on the center of gravity for balance
86.唧嘴分试模唧嘴/走模唧嘴;
Sprue type:Trial/Delivery
87.喉塞选用：NPT规格;
Plug use NPT spec.
88.中托司采用HASCO滚珠形式.
Use HASCO ball EGP
89.水咀采用法国标准:1/4"的水咀写:RPL08-1151
Jiffy Use French Standard: 1/4" mark:RPL08-1151
All in English& Imperial Unit全部使用英文和英制单位
Are part dimensions to print plus shrink?请检查内模尺寸有否乘缩水?
All wires protected from sharp corners？凡有电线通过的角位要改为R角，是否完成？
All replaceable components must be standard components.所有替换的元件必须是标准件。Add shot counter?是否加啤塑总计器？
A complicated mould with thorough design consideration to overcome the numerous design contraints.
一个复杂的模具，设计经过周详考虑，成功地克服了各种设计上的限制。
All moving components should use hardened steel : all slides should be installed with hardend or lubricated alloy wear plates and gibs, and with positive slide retainer.
所有移动的零件应使用硬钢料，行位必须用硬垫板和硬线条，而且必须有限位及定位锁。BOM including water fittings,ejectors&custom components.BOM的内容应包含运水接头,顶针和自制的零件.
BeCu for lifters if w/o water circuits。若没有运水回路，斜顶为铍铜。
Corresponding components mirrored at core&cavity对应的部件在前、后模平面视图中镜像Check polish for line of draw finish？有否省光就出模?
Core pull slot mechanism installed and O.K.
Crane capacity and loading clearance.模具须用多大吊机才可搬动。
Conduct moldflow &mold warp analysis.经流道及变形电脑模拟分析。
Component and/or 3D mould design drawing.散件图或3D模具图
Cooling less important when dimensions are not important.若尺寸不重要，适量冷却也可。Combine a traditional 4 cavity edge gate and a 4 cavities reverse gate mould which help to double the moulding capacity and reduce production cost.
将一个标准四模腔大水口模具与一个四模腔倒转大水口模具结合成为一套可于同一大小的注塑机，生产量可增加一倍的层板模具，并且可降低成本。
Can be seperated into two individual moulds for moulding in two different mould shops.
此模具最大的特式是，可将模具分开变成两套，在不同地方生产，增加生产的灵活性。Consists of all standard mould components which facilitates mould maintenance.
由于全套模具均利用模具标准零件制成，在维修及换零件上比较方便。
Die draw called out出模方向的标示
Dimension all the opening , travel & clearance标出前、后模距离，滑动部件滑动距离和塑件脱离的位置
DME egr. Water fittings recessed and marked?是否使用DME运水接头及编号?
Delivery right side up , or in two halves？开箱后是否容易吊出模具及是否分开前/后模运输？Eyebolt size and balance in 2 sides吊模孔尺寸，平衡，4边都要有
Ejection stroke & slide, lifter travel dimensioned出行程、行位、斜顶行程的标注。
Ejection study if lifter adopted若有斜顶，做出分析。
Ejection extended at the most顶出到极限位置
Ejector guide pins installation .顶针导柱的安装。
Eyebolts for inserts more than 50lbs.重量大于50lbs的镶件必须要有吊模孔。
Edge gate or sprue gate requiring secondary operation acceptable.边缘型或直入型水口都可以接受。
4 point in HRC different to lifters contacting or cavity steel。斜顶和与其接触的内模或镶件在硬度上有4度的差别（HRC）。
4X size section , dimensioned to reflect the actual size.水口及水口顶针的4倍放大视图，按实际尺寸标注。
General ,safety and handling 常规、安全和搬运要求
Guided ejection recommended for mould above 100 tons clamp capacity, ejector pins of 1.5mm or smaller, or ejector stroke longer than 50mm.
建设模具用于锁模力超过100吨的注塑机，或有1.5mm以下的顶针或顶出行程超过50mm时，应装上顶针板导柱。
Guide pin cleared and vented?边钉插入模板有否顶着及加疏气空?
Hot manifold wired to print and checked? 热咀电线接位有否编号？
Horn pin clearance hole？斜边与行位有否空间？
Hydraulic actuated slide together with electrical limit switch.行位采用油压推动，配合安全电制。Heaters fitted+0.002/-.000, leads tagged and connected to terminal.热嘴装配，电线源头、尾有否安装稳固。（+0.002/.000）
Inserts keyed and numbered to prevent incorrect assembly.镶件定位和编号以防止不正确的组装。
Jaw angle 3 deg.more than angle pins(<25 degree).斜面角度要比行位斜边角度大3度(<25度)。
Keep enough space to run waterline at slide /lifter/major inserts.在行位、斜顶、主要镶件处保留足够位置（空间）布置水槽。
Lifter angle less than 15 degree.斜顶角度小于15度。
Lifter rods dia, less than 1".斜顶杆直径不能少于1"。
Limit switch in tact and protected.是否已安装限位制？
Moldbase and steel dimensioned模坯和钢料号的标注
Minimum 5 deg.for shut-off.斜顶镶件最小5度插穿。
Mechanism for sequence动作机构是否正确？
Mold safety straps installed and painted red？是否已安装安全带及喷上正确颜色在模坯上？Mould flow and simulation should be carried out for the best gate location, filling analysis, pressure distribution and heat distribution.
适宜应用模拟的模具注塑过程，注射分析、压力分布及温度分布以确定最佳入水位置、流道尺寸和疏气位置等。
Mould should be designed with maximum cooling and with appropriate amount of ejection points.
模具在设计上要做到尽快冷却，上、下内模高温点应该有个别的冷却，应有适量顶针。
Mould should be able to run fully automatic. Large part should be picked up by robot.
模具能够全自动生产，大的零件应由机械手拿出。
Mould should be tested to meet a defined Cpk quality standard.模具经过测试，符合预定的Cpk 质量标准。
Mould should have safety features to protect accidental damage, incorrect assembly and set up of mould.
模具应具备可以预防意外损害及错误安装等安全特性。
Mould halves requiring accurate alignment of core and cavity, and shut off should have appropriate part line locks.
上、下模需要精确配合或有擦位的地方，模具一定要有直身锁。
Mould requiring heating should have insulator plate.需要加热的模具，必须有隔热板。Mould preferred to run automatic; self-degating whenever possible.模具最好能自动生产，模具尽可能自断水口。
No obstructions on buttom surface of mold？模具必须稳定位置如有凸出物请加脚座，是否完成？
Overall mold size of the moldbase & shut height模坯长宽和模厚（模架的长宽）
Outlets accessible and marked " IN OUT and NUMBER"？出入水位有否打上IN 、OUT 字码？Protruding items shown and protected。画出突出部件并做好保护。
Parting line at the acceptable surface.合模分布在合理可接受的表面。
Put waterline as much as possible/wherever possible。尽可能布置多的运水。
Put waterline for slide /lifter/insert wherever possible.尽可能在行位、斜、镶件布置运水。Parting line cleared and released properly?分模线是否正确?
Proper locating ring and diameter？定位圈尺寸及直径是否正确？
Proper radius and orifice on sprue bushing and keyed.唧嘴R及管钉是否正确？
Part line lock recommended when there is shut off.当有擦位时，最好有直身锁保护。Protruding items shown and protected.如有零件凸出，模坯请加保护物。
Proper K.O. holes size and location.顶棍孔尺寸及位置是否正确?
Runners to be balanced. 流道必平衡。
Runners cross section type and size as per standard.流道切面形状和尺寸符合标准。
86.Runner and parts should be ejected automatically .Multiple ejection should be avoided.
顶出方法可使流道与产品自动掉下，避免运用多次顶出方法。
Sufficient view and section足够的视图和切面图
Safety Strap in red模块藏入模坯，要涂成红色。
Standing steel supported to keep stable.加撑脚以保前、后模能平稳放置。
Support pillars>50% part projection area , steel :1040。撑头面积大于50%的产品投影面积，材料：1040.
Safety strap clear tie bar?锁模块与哥林柱冲突吗?
Sucker with reverse 10 deg. Undercut。10度倒扣的流道拉料杆。
Steel type & hardness of slide &heel blocks行位和压条的料号和硬度。
Sufficient stroke of lifters(1/16"+ undercut size)？斜顶是否有足够的行程（1/16”+倒扣尺寸）？Sufficient stroke for floating plate？浮动板是否有足够的行程？
Sufficient stroke as well as part and runner falls clear.是否有足够的行程使品和流道脱落? Spring around return pins and press ratio<33?是否有回针的弹簧及其压缩比(<33%)? Special instruction stamped on top and operator side？客户如有特别指示请打在模坯顶及操作面上，有否完成？
Screws tight and all installed？螺丝是否全部收紧？
Support posts ground and screwed to clamp plate and pre-loaded.撑头是否高出方铁？Spring pockets correct depth , spring deflection max.40%？全部弹弓压缩比是否为1/3 S？Standing steel well supported？成品与内模之间的钢材是否足够？
Single drop of cold sprue gating is designed after moldflow analysis, which ensures a balance flow
of plastic and easy for moulding.
用moldflow分析决定产品的入水位置，使胶料分流平均，易于注塑。
Self-degating whenever possible .Hot runner system should be considered. Standard components should be used.尽量使用标准件。
Semi-automatic and use of mould release acceptable.半自动工手放镶件也可Update title block/revision.更新标题栏/版本
Use standard components when appropriate.适当的时候使用标准件。
View of deepest point最深点（位置）的剖切视图
Water circuits should run out form the ejection box.运水应从出水槽中流出。Waterlines clear tie bar and clamp slot?运水是否同哥林柱和模槽有冲突? Will mould fit in quoted press?可否配合客户啤机？
Waterlines clear tie bars.运水喉咀接驳位要离开啤机呵林柱咀接驳。Waterline clear clamp slot.运水喉咀接驳位要离开啤机码模坑。
工业设计专业英语英文翻译
工业设计原著选读 优秀的产品设计 第一个拨号电话1897年由卡罗耳Gantz 第一个拨号电话在1897年被自动电器公司引入，成立于1891年布朗强，一名勘萨斯州承担者。在1889年，相信铃声“中央交换”将转移来电给竞争对手，强发明了被拨号系统控制的自动交换机系统。这个系统在1892年第一次在拉波特完成史端乔系统中被安装。1897年，强的模型电话，然而模型扶轮拨条的位置没有类似于轮齿约170度,以及边缘拨阀瓣。电话，当然是被亚历山大格雷厄姆贝尔（1847—1922）在1876年发明的。第一个商业交换始建于1878（12个使用者），在1879年，多交换机系统由工程师勒罗伊B 菲尔曼发明,使电话取得商业成功,用户在1890年达到250000。 直到1894年，贝尔原批专利过期，贝尔电话公司在市场上有一个虚拟的垄断。他们已经成功侵权投诉反对至少600竞争者。该公司曾在1896年，刚刚在中央交易所推出了电源的“普通电池”制度。在那之前，一个人有手摇电话以提供足够的电力呼叫。一个连接可能仍然只能在给予该人的名义下提出要求达到一个电话接线员。这是强改变的原因。 强很快成为贝尔的强大竞争者。他在1901年引进了一个桌面拨号模型，这个模型在设计方面比贝尔的模型更加清晰。在1902年，他引进了一个带有磁盘拨号的墙面电话，这次与实际指孔，仍然只有170度左右在磁盘周围。到1905年，一个“长距离”手指孔已经被增加了。最后一个强的知名模型是在1907年。强的专利大概过期于1914年，之后他或他的公司再也没有听到过。直到1919年贝尔引进了拨号系统。当他们这样做，在拨号盘的周围手指孔被充分扩展了。 强发明的拨号系统直到1922年进入像纽约一样的大城市才成为主流。但是一旦作为规规范被确立，直到70年代它仍然是主要的电话技术。后按键式拨号在1963年被推出之后，强发明的最初的手指拨号系统作为“旋转的拨号系统”而知名。这是强怎样“让你的手指拨号”的。 埃姆斯椅LCW和DCW 1947 这些带有复合曲线座位，靠背和橡胶防震装置的成型胶合板椅是由查尔斯埃姆斯设计，在赫曼米勒家具公司生产的。 这个原始的概念是被查尔斯埃姆斯（1907—1978）和埃罗沙里宁（1910—1961）在1940年合作构想出来的。在1937年，埃姆斯成为克兰布鲁克学院实验设计部门的领头人，和沙里宁一起工作调查材料和家具。在这些努力下，埃姆斯发明了分成薄片和成型胶合板夹板，被称作埃姆斯夹板，在1941年收到了来自美国海军5000人的订单。查尔斯和他的妻子雷在他们威尼斯，钙的工作室及工厂和埃文斯产品公司的生产厂家一起生产了这批订单。 在1941年现代艺术博物馆，艾略特诺伊斯组织了一场比赛用以发现对现代生活富有想象力的设计师。奖项颁发给了埃姆斯和沙里宁他们的椅子和存储碎片，由包括埃德加考夫曼，大都会艺术博物馆的阿尔弗雷德，艾略特诺伊斯，马尔塞布鲁尔，弗兰克帕里什和建筑师爱德华达雷尔斯通的陪审团裁决。 这些椅子在1946年的现代艺术展览博物馆被展出，查尔斯埃姆斯设计的新的家具。当时，椅子只有三条腿，稳定性问题气馁了大规模生产。 早期的LCW（低木椅）和DWC（就餐木椅）设计有四条木腿在1946年第一次被埃文斯产品公司（埃姆斯的战时雇主）生产出来，被赫曼米勒家具公司分配。这些工具1946年被乔治纳尔逊为赫曼米勒购买，在1949年接手制造权。后来金属脚的愿景在1951年制作，包括LCW（低金属椅）和DWC（就餐金属椅）模型。配套的餐饮和咖啡桌也产生。这条线一直
模具专业英文术语大全
模具英语专业术语 模具述语 一、入水：gate 进入位： gate location 水口形式：gate type 大水口：edge gate 细水口： pin-point gate 水口大小：gate size 转水口： switching runner/gate 唧嘴口径： sprue diameter 二、流道: runner 热流道： hot runner,hot manifold 热嘴冷流道: hot sprue/cold runner 唧嘴直流: direct sprue gate 圆形流道：round(full/half runner 流道电脑分析：mold flow analysis 流道平衡:runner balance 热嘴： hot sprue 热流道板：hot manifold 发热管：cartridge heater 探针: thermocouples 插头： connector plug 插座： connector socket 密封/封料： seal 三、运水：water line 喉塞：line lpug 喉管：tube 塑胶管：plastic tube 快速接头：jiffy quick connector plug/socker 四、模具零件： mold components 三板模：3-plate mold 二板模：2-plate mold 边钉/导边：leader pin/guide pin 边司/导套：bushing/guide bushing 中托司：shoulder guide bushing 中托边L：guide pin 顶针板：ejector retainner plate 托板： support plate 螺丝： screw 管钉：dowel pin 开模槽：ply bar scot 内模管位：core/cavity inter-lock 顶针： ejector pin 司筒：ejector sleeve 司筒针：ejector pin 推板：stripper plate 缩呵：movable core,return core core puller 扣机（尼龙拉勾）：nylon latch lock 斜顶：lifter 模胚（架）： mold base 上内模：cavity insert 下内模：core insert 行位（滑块）： slide 镶件：insert 压座/斜鸡：wedge 耐磨板/油板：wedge wear plate 压条：plate 撑头: support pillar 唧嘴： sprue bushing 挡板：stop plate 定位圈：locating ring 锁扣：latch 扣鸡：parting lock set 推杆：push bar 栓打螺丝：S.H.S.B 顶板：eracuretun 活动臂：lever arm 分流锥：spure sperader 水口司:bush 垃圾钉：stop pin 隔片：buffle 弹弓柱：spring rod 弹弓:die spring 中托司：ejector guide bush 中托边：ejector guide pin 镶针：pin 销子：dowel pin 波子弹弓：ball catch 喉塞: pipe plug
铸造模具外文文献翻译、中英文翻译
外文资料翻译 资料来源：《模具设计与制造专业英语》 文章名：Chapter 3 Casting Dies 书刊名：《English for Die & Mould Design and Manufacturing》 作者：刘建雄王家惠廖丕博主编 出版社：北京大学出版社，2002 章节：Chapter 3 Casting Dies 页码：P51~P60 文章译名：铸造模具
Chapter 3 Casting Dies 3.1Casting The first castings were made during the period 4000~3000 B.C., using stone and metal molds for casting copper. Various casting processes have been developed over a long period of time, each with its own characteristics and applications, to meet specific engineering and service requirements. Many parts and components are made by casting, including cameras, carburetors, engine blocks, crankshafts, automotive components, agricultural and railroad equipment, pipes and plumbing fixtures, power tools, gun barrels, frying pans, and very large components for hydraulic turbines. Casting can be done in several ways. The two major ones are sand casting, in which the molds used are disposable after each cycle, and die casting, or permanent molding, in which the same metallic die is used thousands or even millions of times. Both types of molds have three common features. They both have a “plumbing” system to channel molten alloy into the mold cavity. These channels are called sprues, runners, and gates (Fig. 3-1). Molds may be modified by cores which form holes and undercuts or inserts that become an integral part of the casting. Inserts strengthen and reduce friction, and they may be more machinable than the surrounding metal. For example, a steel shaft when properly inserted into a die cavity results in an assembled aluminum step gear after the shot. After pouring or injection, the resulting castings require subsequent operations such trim-ming, inspection, grinding, and repairs to a greater or lesser extent prior to shipping. Premium-quality castings from alloys of aluminum or steel require x-ray soundness that will be acceptable by the customer. Certain special casting processes are precision-investment casting, low-pressure casting, and centrifugal casting.
工业设计外文翻译
Interaction design Moggridge Bill Interaction design，Page 1-15 USA Art Press, 2008 Interaction design (IxD) is the study of devices with which a user can interact, in particular computer users. The practice typically centers on "embedding information technology into the ambient social complexities of the physical world."[1] It can also apply to other types of non-electronic products and services, and even organizations. Interaction design defines the behavior (the "interaction") of an artifact or system in response to its users. Malcolm McCullough has written, "As a consequence of pervasive computing, interaction design is poised to become one of the main liberal arts of the twenty-first century." Certain basic principles of cognitive psychology provide grounding for interaction design. These include mental models, mapping, interface metaphors, and affordances. Many of these are laid out in Donald Norman's influential book The Psychology of Everyday Things. As technologies are often overly complex for their intended target audience, interaction design aims to minimize the learning curve and to increase accuracy and efficiency of a task without diminishing usefulness. The objective is to reduce frustration and increase user productivity and satisfaction. Interaction design attempts to improve the usability and experience of the product, by first researching and understanding certain users' needs and then designing to meet and exceed them. (Figuring out who needs to use it, and how those people would like to use it.) Only by involving users who will use a product or system on a regular basis will designers be able to properly tailor and maximize usability. Involving real users, designers gain the ability to better understand user goals and experiences. (see also: User-centered design) There are also positive side effects which include enhanced system capability awareness and user ownership. It is important that the user be aware of system capabilities from an early stage so that expectations regarding functionality are both realistic and properly understood. Also, users who have been active participants in a product's development are more likely to feel a sense of ownership, thus increasing overall satisfa. Instructional design is a goal-oriented, user-centric approach to creating training and education software or written materials. Interaction design and instructional design both rely on cognitive psychology theories to focus on how users will interact with software. They both take an in-depth approach to analyzing the user's needs and goals. A needs analysis is often performed in both disciplines. Both, approach the design from the user's perspective. Both, involve gathering feedback from users, and making revisions until the product or service has been found to be effective. (Summative / formative evaluations) In many ways, instructional
模具毕业设计外文翻译(英文+译文)
Injection Molding The basic concept of injection molding revolves around the ability of a thermoplastic material to be softened by heat and to harden when cooled .In most operations ,granular material (the plastic resin) is fed into one end of the cylinder (usually through a feeding device known as a hopper ),heated, and softened(plasticized or plasticized),forced out the other end of the cylinder, while it is still in the form of a melt, through a nozzle into a relatively cool mold held closed under pressure.Here,the melt cools and hardens until fully set-up. The mold is then opened, the piece ejected, and the sequence repeated. Thus, the significant elements of an injection molding machine become: 1) the way in which the melt is plasticized (softened) and forced into the mold (called the injection unit); 2) the system for opening the mold and closing it under pressure (called the clamping unit);3) the type of mold used;4) the machine controls. The part of an injection-molding machine, which converts a plastic material from a sold phase to homogeneous seni-liguid phase by raising its temperature .This unit maintains the material at a present temperature and force it through the injection unit nozzle into a mold .The plunger is a combination of the injection and plasticizing device in which a heating chamber is mounted between the plunger and mold. This chamber heats the plastic material by conduction .The plunger, on each stroke; pushes unbelted plastic material into the chamber, which in turn forces plastic melt at the front of the chamber out through the nozzle The part of an injection molding machine in which the mold is mounted, and which provides the motion and force to open and close the mold and to hold the mold close with force during injection .This unit can also provide other features necessary for the effective functioning of the molding operation .Moving
工业设计产品设计中英文对照外文翻译文献
(文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 中英文翻译原文：
DESIGN and ENVIRONMENT Product design is the principal part and kernel of industrial design. Product design gives uses pleasure. A good design can bring hope and create new lifestyle to human. In spscificity,products are only outcomes of factory such as mechanical and electrical products,costume and so on.In generality,anything,whatever it is tangibile or intangible,that can be provided for a market,can be weighed with value by customers, and can satisfy a need or desire,can be entiled as products. Innovative design has come into human life. It makes product looking brand-new and brings new aesthetic feeling and attraction that are different from traditional products. Enterprose tend to renovate idea of product design because of change of consumer's lifestyle , emphasis on individuation and self-expression,market competition and requirement of individuation of product. Product design includes factors of society ,economy, techology and leterae humaniores. Tasks of product design includes styling, color, face processing and selection of material and optimization of human-machine interface. Design is a kind of thinking of lifestyle.Product and design conception can guide human lifestyle . In reverse , lifestyle also manipulates orientation and development of product from thinking layer.
模具术语英文翻译知识讲解
模具术语英文翻译
模具术语英文翻译 根据国家标准，以下为部分塑料模具成形术语的标准翻译。 动模 Movable Mould Moving Half 定模座板 Fixed Clamp Plate Top Clamping Plate Top Plate 动模座板 Moving Clamp Plate Bottom Clamping Plate Bottom Plate 上模座板 Upper Clamping Plate 下模座板 Lower Clamping Plate 凹模固定板 Cavity-retainer Plate 型芯固定板 Mould Core-retainer Plate 凸模固定板 Punch-retainer Plate 模套 Die Body Die Sleeve Die Blank 支承板 Backing Plate Support Plate 垫块 Spacer Parallel 支架 Ejector Housing Mould Base Leg 模头 Die Head 根据国家标准，以下为部分压铸模具术语的标准翻译。 压力铸造模具 Die-Casting Die 压铸模零部件 定模 Fixed Die Cover Die 定模座板 Fixed Clamping Plate 定模套板 Bolster Fixed Die 动模 Moving Die Ejector Die 动模座板 Moving Clamping Plate 直流道 Sprue 横流道 Runner 内浇口 Gate 模具分类 Injection Mold 注塑模 Plastic Rubber Mould 塑胶模 Rubber Molding 橡胶成形 Hot Chamber Die Casting 热室压铸 Sand Mold Casting 砂模铸造 Extrusion Mold 挤出模 Multi-Cavity Mold 多模穴模具 Stack Mold, Stack Injection Mould 叠层模
模具毕业设计外文翻译7081204
(此文档为word格式，下载后您可任意编辑修改！) 冷冲模具使用寿命的影响及对策 冲压模具概述 冲压模具--在冷冲压加工中，将材料(金属或非金属)加工成零件(或半成品)的一种特殊工艺装备，称为冷冲压模具(俗称冷冲模)。冲压--是在室温下，利用安装在压力机上的模具对材料施加压力，使其产生分离或塑性变形，从而获得所需零件的一种压力加工方法。 冲压模具的形式很多，一般可按以下几个主要特征分类： 1?根据工艺性质分类 (1)冲裁模沿封闭或敞开的轮廓线使材料产生分离的模具。如落料模、冲孔模、切断模、切口模、切边模、剖切模等。 (2)弯曲模使板料毛坯或其他坯料沿着直线(弯曲线)产生弯曲变形，从而获得一定角度和形状的工件的模具。 (3)拉深模是把板料毛坯制成开口空心件，或使空心件进一步改变形状和尺寸的模具。 (4)成形模是将毛坯或半成品工件按图凸、凹模的形状直接复制成形，而材料本身仅产生局部塑性变形的模具。如胀形模、缩口模、扩口模、起伏成形模、翻边模、整形模等。2?根据工序组合程度分类 (1)单工序模在压力机的一次行程中，只完成一道冲压工序的模具。 (2)复合模只有一个工位，在压力机的一次行程中，在同一工位上同时完成两道或两道以上冲压工序的模具。 (3)级进模(也称连续模) 在毛坯的送进方向上，具有两个或更多的工位，在压力机的一次行程中，在不同的工位上逐次完成两道或两道以上冲压工序的模具。 冲冷冲模全称为冷冲压模具。 冷冲压模具是一种应用于模具行业冷冲压模具及其配件所需高性能结构陶瓷材料的制备方法，高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料由氧化锆、氧化钇粉中加铝、错元素构成，制备工艺是将氧化锆溶液、氧化钇溶液、氧化错溶液、氧化铝溶液按一定比例混合配成母液，滴入碳酸氢铵，采用共沉淀方法合成模具及其配件陶瓷材料所需的原材料，反应生成的沉淀经滤水、干燥，煅烧得到高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料超微粉，再经过成型、烧结、精加工，便得到高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料。本发明的优点是本发明制成的冷冲压模具及其配件使用寿命长，在冲压过程中未出现模具及其配件与冲压件产生粘结现象，冲压件表面光滑、无毛刺，完全可以替代传统高速钢、钨钢材料。 冷冲模具主要零件冷冲模具是冲压加工的主要工艺装备，冲压制件就是靠上、下模具的相对运动来完成的。 加工时由于上、下模具之间不断地分合，如果操作工人的手指不断进入或停留在模具闭合区，便会对其人身安全带来严重威胁。 1
工业设计外文翻译---不需要设计师的设计
Design Without Designers 网站截图： https://www.docsj.com/doc/3312007208.html,/baidu?word=%B9%A4%D2%B5%C9%E8%BC%C6%D3%A2%CE%C4%CE%C4%CF%D 7&tn=sogouie_1_dg 原文： Design Without Designers I will always remember my first introduction to the power of good product design. I was newly arrived at Apple, still learning the ways of business, when I was visited by a member of Apple's Industrial Design team. He showed me a foam mockup of a proposed product. "Wow," I said, "I want one! What is it?" That experience brought home the power of design: I was excited and enthusiastic even before I knew what it was. This type of visceral "wow" response requires creative designers. It is subjective, personal. Uh oh, this is not what engineers like to hear. If you can't put a number to it, it's not important. As a result, there is a trend to eliminate designers. Who needs them when we can simply test our way to success? The excitement of powerful, captivating design is defined as irrelevant. Worse, the nature of design is in danger. Don't believe me? Consider Google. In a well-publicized move, a senior designer at Google recently quit, stating that Google had no interest in or understanding of design. Google, it seems, relies primarily upon test results, not human skill or judgment. Want to know whether a design is effective? Try it out. Google can quickly submit samples to millions of people in well-controlled trials, pitting one design against another, selecting the winner based upon number of clicks, or sales, or whatever objective measure they wish. Which color of blue is best? Test. Item placement? Test. Web page layout? Test. This procedure is hardly unique to Google. https://www.docsj.com/doc/3312007208.html, has long followed this practice. Years ago I was proudly informed that they no longer have debates about which design is best: they simply test them and use the data to decide. And this, of course, is the approach used by the human-centered iterative design approach: prototype, test, revise. Is this the future of design? Certainly there are many who believe so. This is a hot topic on the talk and seminar circuit. After all, the proponents ask reasonably, who could object to making decisions based upon data? Two Types of Innovation: Incremental Improvements and New Concepts In design—and almost all innovation, for that matter—there are at least two distinct forms. One is
常用模具零件中英文对照表
常用模具零件中英文对照表 2005-12-19 14:51:17???中国注塑网 入水：gate 进入位：gate location 水口形式：gate type 大水口：edge gate 细水口： pin-point gate 水口大小：gate size 转水口：switching runner/gate 唧嘴口径：sprue diameter 二、流道: runner 热流道：hot runner,hot manifold 热嘴冷流道: hot sprue/cold runner 唧嘴直流: direct sprue gate 圆形流道：round(full/half runner 流道电脑分析：mold flow analysis :?[??n?l?s?s] 流道平衡:runner balance 热嘴：hot sprue 热流道板：hot manifold 发热管：cartridge heater 探针: thermocouples 插头：connector plug 插座： connector socket 密封/封料： seal 三、运水：water line 喉塞：line lpug 喉管：tube 塑胶管：plastic tube 快速接头：jiffy quick connector plug/socker 四、模具零件：mold components 三板模：3-plate mold 二板模：2-plate mold 边钉/导边：leader pin/guide pin 边司/导套：bushing/guide bushing 中托司：shoulder guide bushing 中托边：guide pin 顶针板：ejector retainer plate 托板：support plate
模具专业外文文献最新
济南大学泉城学院 毕业设计外文资料翻译 题目现代快速经济制造模具技术 专业机械制造及其自动化 班级专升本1302班 学生刘计良 学号2013040156 指导教师刘彦 二〇一五年三月十六日
Int J Adv Manuf Technol ,(2011) 53:1–10DOI 10.1007/s00170-010-2796-y Modular design applied to beverage-container injection molds Ming-Shyan Huang & Ming-Kai Hsu Received: 16 March 2010 / Accepted: 15 June 2010 / Published online: 25 June 2010 # Springer-Verlag London Limited 2010 Modular design applied to beverage-container injection molds The Abstract: This work applies modular design concepts to designating beverage-container injection molds. This study aims to develop a method of controlling costs and time in relation to mold development, and also to improve product design. This investigation comprises two parts: functional-ity coding, and establishing a standard operation procedure, specifically designed for beverage-container injection mold design and manufacturing. First, the injection mold is divided into several modules, each with a specific function. Each module is further divided into several structural units possessing sub-function or sub-sub-function. Next, dimen-sions and specifications of each unit are standardized and a compatible interface is constructed linking relevant units. This work employs a cup-shaped beverage container to experimentally assess the performance of the modular design approach. The experimental results indicate that the modular design approach to manufacturing injection molds shortens development time by 36% and reduces costs by 19 23% compared with the conventional ap-proach. Meanwhile, the information on
工业设计专业英语第三版部分翻译
艺术装饰风格 被宣告是“唯一一个总体设计”，艺术装饰必然是在众多消费者中间找到观众的最高产的设计之一。虽然它起源于19世纪20年代高度专有的法国手工裁剪装潢艺术，但它通过利用廉价的新金属材料，塑料和玻璃而发展迅速，找到了便宜，短期利用，并可以大批生产的装饰用品，如香烟盒，香水瓶，家庭用的陶瓷和玻璃，流行纺织品及各种装饰物，还有可以像鸡尾般甩动的物品。作为一种装饰风格它可以运用于无数物品的形状和表面装饰，因而赋予它们全部以相同质量的瞬间的现代性和时尚性。 就像许多这个世纪其它的流行风格一样，艺术装饰风格扎根于高雅文化，例如，立体主义、俄国芭蕾、美洲印第安风格和欧洲纯粹主义，但是相对其他文化而言，艺术装饰风格取长补短，装饰特征表现得更为折衷一些。结合艺术装饰风格在1930年代流行的因素，大规模批量生产使用新材料是商品价格相对低廉的必要条件。但这些是远远不够的，更深层次的原因是艺术装饰风格具有典型的适应性。在那段经济萧条的时期，豪华奢侈的装饰风格所带来的美感让当时的消费者有了逃避现实的放松心情。艺术装饰风格的宣传方式也促进了它的流行，艺术风格被好莱坞应用于多种流行电影中。通过影片媒体使大量观众接触到装饰风格，除此之外，艺术装饰风格也运用在广告和包装上，使其有效的影响了大量的环境之外，艺术装饰风格也影响到了建筑领域，许多新场所也运用了这种风格，美化建筑的外表，那些新商业的
娱乐楼房，例如商场电影院，工厂，甚至于新的豪华游轮，它也被利用于在1933年芝加哥展览之中。艺术装饰风格开始象征着高效率的现代化生活和新的生活理念，这种动人的方式随着人们对时尚性和社会地位的追求与渴望，艺术装饰风格得到了大量消费者的高度喜爱地位。 艺术装饰的大量应用伴随着消费产品的需求。但是，从不好的方而来看，艺术装饰风格只是作为一种中档的艺术手法，来装饰非常廉价的商品甚至留有一种杂乱的感觉。在英国有一群针对低端市场开发产品的地毯制造商，他们意识到了这个新潮流里的商业潜力。 但是，这些地毯制造商也很注意他们消费群里的保守心理，因此，即使是在一块地毯里的花紋也会出现那些很传统的1案象是老式的叶子造型和较灰暗的颜色。这种设计的消费市场不同于那些要不就是现代型或是完全传统的设计方案。1920年代到30年代，英国都铎王室的一些新居住者和新建筑的到来，使工艺美术运动和现代风格可以较为自由的发展和合理的被采用.这些各异的艺术风格也被按照使用者的喜好不同加入到地毯的设计之中。在20世纪30年代的中期，改良过的艺术装饰风格在数不清的家居装饰里都可以看到"在花园门饰上，无线电机的面板装饰上，阿芝台克寺庙的壁炉上和那些扶手椅和沙发的几何形体上。"