全国卷II英语听力测试考纲要求

全国卷II英语听力测试考纲要求

《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语学科考试说明》指出，听力主要是测试考生理解口头英语的能力：对特定情境中的对话或独白的整体输入和理解，有效信息的输入和准确的理解，异极同世存贮和加工多条信息的能力。考纲中提到：要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能：

1.理解主旨和大意

2.获取事实性的具体信息，如：时间、地点、人物等。

3.简单推断谈话背景、人物关系等。

4.理解说话人的意图、观点或态度。

一般来讲，说话人总会有说话的意图，或提出或回答问题，阐述自己的观点，表明自己的态度。有时，说话者的意图或观点被明确说出，有时则隐含在语篇的字里行间，需要我们去揣摩、推测。

高考听力测试的命题原则

1.循序渐进原则

试卷的题型安排体现循序渐进的原则。通常的安排顺序是对话在前，短文在后；由易到难，由短到长。

2.交际性原则

试卷的选题立意体现交际性、口语化原则。听力材料是具有交际性的口语材料，考查学生的听力能力和语感，对学生的辨音、记忆、推理、归纳等能力、语言反应的速度以及连续接收听力信息的承

受能力都有一定的要求。

3.实践性原则

试卷的主体内容体现实践性的原则。试题内容采用贴近生活实际的对话情景，一般不会超出大纲后面所列出的41项日常交际用语的范围，即：问路、打电话、约会、看病、介绍、告别、劝告、留便条、住宾馆、操作工具、租房、用餐、文秘、过海关、风土人情、传统、时事、人物、环保、科普等。

高考英语听力试题的具体特征

1.听力材料来源与英语国家的生活会话，具有明显的口语特征，听起来自然、真实。符合在非测试状态下英语口语在社会生活中运用的真实情境。

2.题材广泛，涉及英语国家日常生活的许多方面，有利于全面有效的检测考生在不同实际生活环境对所学语言的感悟和接受能力。

3.材料一般有10段左右的对话和独白构成，总字数为800左右。除一些专有名词外，材料中没有生词。

4.题干和选项较为简单，各选项的长度、难度、结构基本一致。

5.答案分布均匀，各选项的答案总数接近平均值。

6.语速一般为140～160wpm.

四、高考听力测试的测试要点

只有认真研究分析高考英语听力试题特点及高考要求，了解了高

考听力试题的题型结构和听力材料的特点，掌握听力考试中的应试技巧，才能保证取胜听力、取胜英语、取胜高考。高考英语听力一般从以下几方面考查考生对口头语言的理解能力：

1．把握主旨大意，概括话题内容

这类试题在高考听力试题中约占2小题，它要求我们对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会，抓住说话者究竟在说什么。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的，有时主旨大意较明显，有时则需要归纳、概括。为了把握所听内容的主旨要义，要从说话人的语气上体会主旨大意，抓住关键词，对语段进行整体理解。而不应纠缠在某些小细节上，这样往往会造成以偏概全。

2．捕捉主要细节，确认具体事实

这类试题在高考听力试题中约占8小题。它要求我们听清、听懂与话题中心相关的具体信息，准确理解具体细节，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、目的、原因、结果等。同时，还要求我们对所听到的信息进行简单的处理，比如数字运算、时间顺序、比较筛选、同义转换、因果关系等。理解具体信息有助于把握话题内容，领会说话者意图，这是听力考查的重点内容。

3．推测谈话背景，辨认角色关系

这类试题在高考听力试题中约占5小题，要求我们从谈话或说话的话题和语气来推断出对话双方（或说话人）的职业身份，彼此之间（或与他人）的关系，对话发生的时间、地点或场合等。常见的提问方式有：

Where does this conversation take placef/ /Where did the conversation most likely happen?

What'sthe probable relationship between the speakers?

Who do you think the woman probably is?

判断背景场合与说话者的身份对理解所听话语的真实含义是至关重要的。从某种意义上来说，对谈话或者说话发生的背景、说话者之间的关系的理解程度，也体现了我们对语篇整体输入或整体理解的能力。

4，领会弦外之音，揣摩观点意图

这类试题在高考听力试题中约占5心题，它要求我们从话语中听出其中可能有的“弦外之音”，也就是揣摩说话人的意图、观点或态度等。俗话说“听话要听音”，推测说话人的真实意图，把握了解其观点或态度是有一定难度的。这类问题常涉及到语言文化背景知识，需要我们在语言学习和听力理解训练中培养文化意识，提高自己的领悟能力。

五、高考听力测试需要你拥有的能力

1．听前预测推测

在进行英语听力考试之前，考生应该能对听力材料中可能出现的词汇、句型进行推测，从而预测出所测试的内容及其发生的情景或人物的相互关系，这就是听前的预测。这种能力的形成和发展有利于考生在听力考试过程中有意识地、主动积极地去进行预测，从而有利于听力判断的准确性及听力答题的正确率的提高。然而，听前预测不能

随心所欲，而应该根据一定的信息进行科学的、合理的预测，从已知推测到未知，并且在预测的同时，考生应该做好思想准备，捕捉可能出现的关键词句，激活大脑中已有的知识和语言的储备，将思维状态迅速锁定在较小的范围，加快大脑反应的速度，从而得出正确的结论。 2．巧辨语音语调

语言的基本功能之一是交际，而交际的基本方式就是听和说。要在规定时间里迅速接受并理解语音，必须具备敏锐的辨音能力。如果听音不淮，辨音能力不强，就会做出错误的选择。

(1)辨别单词读音的能力：对单词读音的辨别应该注意单词的近音、单词的重音、多音词及同音词的辨别。

①近音单词的辨别能力：英语中的近音辨别对中国学生来说，确实是个难点。高考听力测试中经常在数词上出题，来考查学生对近音的辨别。

【例】

【录音原文j

W: So much traffic! I'm afraid we'll be late.

M: Don't worry. The meeting will start at 8:15.We still have 30 minutes.

【分析】如果考生把8：15听成8:50，或者把30听成13，即使进行了正确的加减运算，也只能做出错误的选择。由此可以看出，基本的词汇辨别非常重要。

②单词重音的辨别能力：英语很多单词读音的重音位置不同，词义也

不一样。

【例】

【录音原文】

W：What wili you do then?

M:I will record[ ri'k?:d] your record[Irek?:d] when the match is over.

．【分析】句子中的[ ri’k?：d]和[rek?:d]都是单词record的读音，只是重音位置不同而引起词性和意义都不一样。前者读作[ ri’k ?：d]，为动词，意思是“录音，记录”；后者读作[rek?:d]，为名词，意思是“纪录，录音”。

③多音词的辨别能力：英语中还有一些单词有多种读音。读音不同，词义也就不同，考生也必须具备对这些词的辨别能力。

【例】

【录音原文】

M:Please excuse me for arriving late---------the bus was delayed.

W:But there is no excuse.

【分析】在句子中的excuse分别读作[ik'skju:z]和[iskju:s]，前面的[ik'skju:z]是动词，意为“原谅，宽恕”。而后面的[ ik'skju：s]是名词，意为“借口，托词”。

④同音词的辨别能力：在英语中，有许多单词读音相同，在句子中听起来完全一样，只是拼写和意义不同。

【例】

【录音原文】

M:What do you think of the [‘flau]?

W:The quality is very good.

【分析】我们听到问句的时候，就很难判断句子指的究竟是flower 还是flour。如果听到回答，考生很快就能明白，句子中的[‘flau]原来是指flour。因此，在英语学习过程中，考生也还应具备根据上下文对英语同音词的辨别能力。

(2)辨别句子读音的能力：一般说来．句子读音有两种情况值得注意：一是句子重音；二是句子的语调。句子的重音和语调的变化就表示着句子的意思的不同=在英语听力考试的过程中，考生一定要能够辨别。

①辨别句子重音的能力：句子的重音是有一定规则的。一般情况下，实义词，如名词、行为动词、形容词、副词、数词、疑问词及感叹词都应该重读；而功能词，如连词、介词、冠词、助动词、情态动词、人称代词等都不重读。但是，在对话当中的起始部分之后，说话人可根据说话的目的、意图对任何单词或短语进行重读加以强调。具备了句子重音的辨别能力，就能很快抓住说话者的目的、意图，抓住话语的中心内容和要点，从而快速作出正确的反应和判断。

【例】

【录音原文】

SHE’s wearing the red jacket。“她”是那个穿红外套的。（强调她，不是别人）

She’s WEARING the red jacket．她“穿着”红外套。（而不是拿着，披着）

She’s wearing THE red jacket．她穿着“那个”红外套。（而不是别的外套）

She’s wearing the RED jacket．她穿着一个“红色的”外套。（而不是其他颜色的）

She’s wearing the red JACKET．她穿着一个红色的“外套”。（而不是红色的其他衣服）

②辨别句子语调的能力：能够辨别句子的语调，就能更好地把握说话者的弦外之音，就能更准确地理解说话者的意思、情感和态度，从而提高英语听力理解水平。英语中句子的语调有5种，即，英语有五种基本语调：升调(↗)、降调(↙)、升降调（∧）、降升调(V)以及平调（一）。而语调意义就是说话人用语调所表示的态度或口气。一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完全的意义。而降调、升调和降升调的使用会使同样的句子产生不同的意思。如：

【例】

【录音原文】

W:John,can you bring me the newspaper?

M:Sorry? (↗)

【分析】 John用升调说“Sorry”，其意思是“I didn't hear you．Could you say that again，please?”升调主要用于一般疑问句以及一些特殊的反意疑问句或祈使句中，表示一种不确定、不解或

警告的情感：

【例】

【录音原文】

W:Jean,can you bring me the newspaper?

M:Sorry. (↙)

【分析】在这句话中，Jean用降调说“Sorry”，显然其意思是拒绝帮助或无能为力。降调主要用于陈述句、祈使句、感叹句、反意疑问句和特殊疑问句中，表示确定、会令、要求、惊讶、感慨和询问情况的感情。

3．利用“心”“手”速记

听力不同于阅读，可以说是转瞬即逝．既不能豆夏进行，又不可由自己控制。如果能够在很短的时间内把所听到的内容、重音、语调记录下来．并加以综合推断和理解．结果的正确率自然就会高，听力自然就会好。在英语听力考试中，记录可以分两种形式：一种是用心记：另一种是用笔记。但是无论是哪种记录形式，都不允许在听的过程中停下来去记录，而只能是边听边记：对于没有听清的内容，也只好放弃而继续往后听。

①用“心”记：

心记也就是脑记、短时记忆：对于售息量较小的对话，直接用脑把声音刺激记录在心里，然后根据问题及迭项对所听到的信息进行处理、理解。从而快速怍出反应，选出答案，解决问题。这种能力对于解决听力第1节的问题非常适用。

通过训练，心记是可以培养的。首先耍明确记忆的内容，解决记什么的问题，使记忆具有针对性、目标性，从而提高记忆的质量；其次要改进记忆的方法．解决怎么记的问题。培养心记，一般采用句子复述法来进行，即重复所听到的内容，由简单到复杂，逐渐增加记忆的长度和难度，使语音与语义结合起来，不断提高听力水平。

②用“笔”记：

对于信息量较大的听力材料，显然单靠心记是行不通的，而要用笔头的方式把它记录下来，即笔记。在听完录音之后，再对笔记进行整理、联想、回忆、推理，寻找相关信息，选出正确答案。在处理第2节的听力材料时，就得运用这方面的能力。

在笔记当中必须注意两点：一是由于说的速度非常快，而笔记的速度相对较慢，如果要把所听到的内容一字不漏建全部记录下来，既没有必要，也不可能，并且还会影响对其他材料的记录。因此，在记录的过程中要有选择性，把与问题相关的材料记录下来即可。二是要注意记录的方法。记录的过程是听和记同时进行的过程，没有时间去考虑、斟酌，并且记录的目的不是给人家欣赏的，而是帮助自己记忆的手段。因此记录时，不要求美观、好看，但一定要自己明白。对于长句可只记录几个单词，甚至几个单词的首字母；对于时间、数量只用阿拉伯数字记忆即可。

4．严密归纳演绎

人们在谈话、演说时都会有一个中心、主题。谈论的主题、中心与事实、细节是相辅相成的。抓住了主题、中心，有助于对事实或细节

的把握；反过来，抓住了事实或细节，又有利于对中心、主题的归纳。因此，考生必须具备归纳、演绎能力。这一点对于长对话或独白来说非常重要。

【例】Why did Tom move to a new house7

A. Because he was married.

B. Because his father didn;t like his wife, he moved out.

C. Because his wife didn't want to live with his father. [录音原文】

Tom, the only son of Mr. Smith, fell in love with a girl from New York the first time he mer her. Tom found a new house and they got married there. Although Mr. Smith didn't approve of the marriage,he had weekends with them together.

【分析】答案是A。这是一段短文节选，第一句话中的fell in love with可以让我们推测出Tom和the girl会步入结婚的殿堂。所以他们应该有自己的小家或者爱巢。而在第二句话中出现的a new house 和got mamed就证明了这一点。由爱恋到结婚到新家是一个顺理成章的演绎过程。但是Tom的父亲不同意儿子的婚姻是干扰项，英美人的习惯一般是孩子婚后不与父母住在一起，这与文中提到的事实相符，所以不能选B或C。

5.数字处理能力

数字是人们用来记录事物的多少或顺序的工具，数字的运算能力也就成了人们生活中的一种最基本的能力。近几年来，数宇与运算成了英

语听力考试中常见内容，主要涉及到年龄、价格、距离、电话、门牌号码、人或物的数量以及年、月、日、时、分等时间单位，问题一般比较简单，不会超越口算或心算的范围。这类题的目的在于考查考生对数字的辨音、识记以及简单运算的能力。

【例】When did the plane take off;l

A.12:05.

B.11:55. c.11:40.

【录音原文】

M:The plane for Chicago left l5 minutes ago.

W:That,s right, Now it's already five to twelve.

【分析】答案是C。这类题型的特点是，听力材料中往往给出一个参考数字，然后再给出一个差数，让考生快速运算得出正确答案。如果考生听到了什么就选什么，就大错而特错了。因此，考生应具备简单的计算能力，同时，还必须特别小心数字的修饰词，如late，early，more，less，before，after，fast，slow，times，again等。

6.测词义能力

英语听力考试中遇到一些不熟悉的词或短语，这是正常的事情。听者切不可被生词或短语卡住，因为慌张而耽误对后面材料内容的理解。倘若这个生词或短语没有造成理解上的障碍，或没有影响对问题的解决，能放则放，可以不去理会；倘若这个生词或短语正是问题的答案所在，也不要急于去思考，而待到把材料听完以后，根据上下文的语境线索，如解释、描述、举例、常识、近（反）义、平衡结构、构词方法、语音、语调、场景等，来猜测其含义。

《现代大学英语听力2》听力原文及题目答案unit4

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