高一英语下册4月月考检测试题6

高一英语10月月考试题目标版 新版

2019高一年级第一次月考 英语试卷 时间120分钟，满分150分。考生应首先阅读答题卡上的文字信息，然后在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上作答无效。交卷时只交答题卡。 第一卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案 转涂到答题卡上。 一、听力理解(20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分) 第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。每段对话读两遍。 ( )1.Where is the man from? A. America. B. China. C. England. ( )2.How is the weather today? A. Snowy. B. Cloudy. C. Sunny. ( )3.What is Rose going to do this afternoon? A. Make a school paper. B. Go fishing. C. Write an article. ( )4.How long has the movie been on？ A. For 15 minutes. B. For 30 minutes. C. For 45 minutes. ( )5.When will there be a school concert? A. On Thursday evening. B. On Friday evening. C. On Saturday evening. 第二节听下面几段对话或独自。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案. 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。每段对话或独自读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。 ( )6.Why does Ann look tired? A. She stayed up late last night. B. She has just finished an exam. C. She is busy preparing for the exam. ( )7.What did Jim do last night? A. He went to see a film. B. He reviewed his lessons. C. He went to a big dinner party. 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。

2019-2020学年高一英语11月月考试题 (考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：120分)

2019-2020学年高一英语11月月考试题 （考试时间：90分钟试卷满分：120分） 测试范围：人教必修2 Unit 1~Unit 2。 第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Bored? Lonely? Out of condition? Why not try the SPORTS CENTER? TENNIS Indoor and outdoor courts. Coaching from beginners to advanced. Children only. Mornings. SKIING Gentle slopes. 3 levels instructors at weekends and Fridays. Daytime practice. 8-year-old upwards. SWIMMING 2 pools, heated, Olympic length. Women: Tuesday and Thursday. Men: Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Children: Saturday.

GOLF 9 hole practice course. Professional Coaching. Lessons must be booked in advance in daytime. Evening practice. Minimum age — 9 years. GYMNASTICS Maximum age —18 years. Children aged 5-10: Mondays and Wednesdays, 4:00-6:00 p.m. 10—18 year olds: Friday evenings. AND MANY MORE Table Tennis, Snooker(台球), Darts(标枪), Café(all day), Bar (lunch time and evenings), Nursery (weekdays and weekends, not evenings). Centre open 10:00 a.m.—10:00 p.m. Daily. Interested? More details, call 800-1234-5678. 1．What is this advertisement mainly about? A．It shows us some ways to spend weekends. B．It shows us a lot of ways to spend our holidays. C．It shows the ways of saving our time. D．It shows us a place to relax ourselves. 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage? A．People can play tennis day and night.

湖北省荆州中学2020学年高一英语4月月考试题

湖北省荆州中学2020学年高一英语4月月考试题 时间：120分钟满分：150分 第一部分听力理解（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，共7. 5分） 请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. How will they go to New York? A. By car. B. By bus. C. By plane. 2. What are the two speakers mainly talking about? A. The man’s birthday gifts. B. The man’s relatives. C. The woman’s birthday gifts. 3. Where are most probably the two speakers ? A. At a store. B. At home. C. At a fashion show. 4. What will the woman do next? A. Listen to news. B. Go to the park. C.Talk at home. 5. What is the woman doing now? A. Checking in at a hotel. B. Seeing a doctor. C. Asking for directions. 第二节（共15小题；每题1.5分，共22. 5分） 请听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 请听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Whom will the woman spend this afternoon with?

高一下学期英语6月月考试卷真题

高一下学期英语6月月考试卷 一、阅读理解 1. 阅读理解 Scientists used to explore on the surface of the ocean. Now they are exploring below the surface, too. They want to know about ocean water and the plant and animal life deep in the ocean. In 1934 the scientist William Beebe dived 3000 feet below the surface in a hollow steel ball. In 1935 August Piccard dived 10330 feet In I960 his son Jean dived to a depth of 35800 feet. All these early dives were deep. But the divers could not stay down for very long. They had to come back up to the surface after a few seconds. Scientists needed to stay down longer to study life below surface. Gradually they succeeded. Cousteau, a Frenchman, was able to keep men down to a depth of 36 feet for one month and to a depth of 90 feet for a week. Now scientists are developing even better equipment. With this new equipment, men can stay below the surface for days or even weeks. In 1962 Cousteau set up a research station 35 feet below the surface. Then, in 1964, he set up another station on the ocean floor of the Red Sea. This was the first undersea station to operate without help from the surface. Many countries are now studying undersea living. The former Soviet Union has an undersea laboratory in the Crimean Sea. The United States has a

重庆市育才中学高一4月月考语文试题Word版含答案

语文试卷 学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 注意事项： 1. 答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2. 请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 分卷I 分卷I 注释 一、选择题（注释） 1. 请选出下列叙述正确的一项（） A.“乐府”本是汉武帝时设立的一个官署，职责是采集民间歌谣或文人的诗来配乐，以备朝廷或宴会时演奏之用，它搜集、整理的诗歌，后世就叫“乐府诗”，或简称“乐府”。 B.《孔雀东南飞》是我国文学史上保存下来的最早的一首长篇叙事诗，与南朝的《木兰辞》并称“乐府双璧”。 C.《孔雀东南飞》原题为《焦仲卿妻》，曾被收入南宋郭茂倩编的《乐府诗集》，是古乐府民歌的代表作之一。 D.全诗通过刘兰芝和焦仲卿婚姻悲剧的叙述，揭露了封建家长制度摧残青年男女幸福生活的罪恶，歌颂了年青一代的反抗精神。 2. 下列表述有误的一项是（）

A.我国现存最早的一首长篇叙事诗是古乐府民歌《孔雀东南飞》，它与北朝民歌《敕勒歌》并称“乐府双璧”。 B.《秦风无衣》在反复吟咏之中，表现了士兵们同生死、共患难的团结友爱精神，英勇抗敌的昂扬斗志，同仇敌忾的爱国情怀。 C.《诗经》和《楚辞》分别开创了我国诗歌的现实主义和浪漫主义文学传统。其中《离骚》是《楚辞》的代表作，是我国古代最长的政治抒情诗。 D.“诗书”一般指《诗经》和《尚书》，有时泛指各类经书。 3. 下列关于文学常识的表达，不正确的一项是…（） A.“乐府”是汉武帝时设立的一个官署，负责采集民间歌谣或文人的诗来配乐，它搜集整理的诗歌，后世就称为“乐府诗”或“乐府”。 B.乐府诗继承了《诗经》的现实主义传统，“感于哀乐，缘事而发”，所以，内容的社会性和形式上的叙事性就成了乐府诗的显著特点。 C.形式上，汉乐府以五言为主，为以后文人五言诗的发展开辟了道路。 D.《孔雀东南飞》是保存下来的最早的一首长篇抒情诗，和北朝民歌《木兰诗》并称为“乐府双璧”。 4. 下列有关文学常识的表述，错误的一项是 A．《诗经》是我国第一部诗歌总集，收入自西周初年至春秋中叶五百多年的诗歌305篇，又称《诗三百》。分为“风”“雅”“颂”三大类，“赋”“比”“兴”是其主要的艺术手法。 B．《楚辞》，收录了战国时期楚国屈原、宋玉等人的作品，这些作品运用楚地的文学样式、方言声韵，叙写楚地的山川人物、历史风情，具有浓厚的地方特色。我国文学史上向来以“风骚”并称，“风”就是指《诗经》中的“国风”，“骚”就是指屈原的《离骚》，后代用“风骚”泛指文学。 C．朱自清，字佩弦，号秋实，现代著名散文家、诗人、学者、民主战士；其散文朴素缜密，清隽沉郁、

高一上10月月考英语试题

高一10月月考 英语试题 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分听力（略） 第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑． 21. It is bad for a man to smoke in public places where smoking is not allowed. A. method B. impression C. behavior D. attitude 22.—_______you ________to the new house? —Not yet. The rooms are being painted（油漆）. A. Did; moved B. Have; moved C. Will; moved D. Are; moved 23. After his long journey from abroad, Mr. Wu returned home, ________. A. exhausting B. having exhausted C. being exhausted D. exhausted 24. David rode so fast that he couldn’t hitting a passer-by and he fell off the bike. A. avoid B. enjoy C. stand D. stop 25. We all regard _____ our duty to help those who are poor to go to school. A. this B. that C. us D. it 26. The two pens are the same, but the red one cost ______ that one. A. as much twice as B. twice as much as C. much as twice as D. as twice much as 27. All the leading newspapers _______ the trade talks between China and the United States. A. printed B. announced C. published D. covered 28. The government has rebuilt the old temple _______ a long time ago. A. abandoned B. abandoning C. was abandoned D. being abandoned 29. — I don’t know about you, but I’m sick and tired of this weather. —. I can’t stand all this rain. A. So do I . B. I don’t care. C. It’s hard to say. D. So am I. 30. The little boy isn’t getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son_______, she feels very________. A. disappointing, worried B. disappointing, worrying C. disappointed, worried D. disappointed, worrying 31. ---- Would you mind if I use your computer for a little while? ----_______ A. No, please don’t. B. I’m afraid not. C. I’d rather you didn’t. D. I’m afraid so. 32. The cost of renting a house in Beijing is higher than ______ in any other city of China. A. one B. it C. this D. that 33. I would appreciate _______ back this afternoon so that we can make an early decision. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you’re calling 34. Her attitude ______ learning math has changed a lot since her teacher had a talk with her. A. of B. at C. with D. to

2021-2022年高一英语11月月考试题(III)

2021-2022年高一英语11月月考试题(III) 1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。试卷满分为150分，考试时间120分钟。 2.请将答案填写到答题卡上。 Ⅰ卷 (选择题共100分) 第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在答题卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有l0秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a restaurant. B. In a hotel. C. In a store. 2. What did the woman think they would do? A. See an exhibition. B. Have a meeting. C. Attend a lecture. 3. What will the man probably do next? A. Go back to his work. B. Eat out for lunch. C. Pick up Jenny. 4. What’s the relationship between the two speakers? A. Hotel manager and tourist. B. Professor and student. C. Salesman and customer.

5. How much will the woman pay for one chair? A. $59. B. $62. C. $65. 第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在答题卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时问。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。 6.What part-time job does the woman do? A. A teacher. B. A guide. C. A cleaner. 7. Why does the woman like the job? A. She can get a high pay. B. She can have more spare time. C. She can get some good work experience. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. When will the man leave China? A. In one month. B. In two weeks. C. Next year. 9.Why can’t the man decide when to e to China again? A. His mother hasn’t recovered yet. B. He hasn’t found a job in China.

高一下学期英语4月月考试卷真题

高一下学期英语4月月考试卷 一、完形填空 1. 完形填空 On Dec. 13, 2014, Nubia Wilson turned 16. But instead of1with an exciting Sweet 16 birthday party, the California teen devoted this milestone to 2the lives of orphans in Ethiopia. Through several summers of volunteer work at an Ethiopia orphanage（孤儿院）, Nubia learned firsthand the severe poverty so many children3. In an email to The Huffington Post, Nubia said that she was 4struck by the children’s lack of5to education — their school only went through the fourth grade. Over the course of her volunteer work, Nubia became interested in one 6Hermela. She writes: Out of the many students in the kindergarten class, Hermela became close and7to me to a point where it was becoming8for both of us to leave each other. She is now in the second grade. The thought of Hermela not being able to have her meal and9education after the fourth grade became 10and I knew I had to do something. That’s when Nubia decided that she didn’t want a traditional Sweet 16.11she wanted to use the money her parents would have spent on a party to establish12grade class for Hermela and other kids.

高一下学期6月月考英语试题 (3)

一6月月考英语试题试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟 本试卷分第I卷（选择题，含听力测试）与第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共150分。考试时间120分钟。第I卷的答案涂在机读卡上，第II卷的答案写在答题纸上。 第Ⅰ卷（共115分） 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 ( )1. How will the man go to school next week? A. By car. B. By taxi. C. By bus. ( )2.What’s the man’s major(专业)? A. Computer technology. B. Science. C. History. ( )3. What are the children doing? A. Playing outside. B. Reading in the library. C. Watching a basketball match. ( )4. What is the woman complaining about? A. The traffic. B. Waiting in line. C. The cost of tickets. ( )5.What does the man mean? A. He found the book boring. B. He finished the book yesterday. C. He likes the book very much. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。 ( )6. Why isn’t Emma listening to the man? A. She’s worried about something. B. She doesn’t want to have coffee. C. She thinks the man is annoying. ( )7. What does her daughter want to do? A. Get a better job. B. Move out. C. Get a bigger apartment. ( )8. What is the man’s opinion? A. Emma should live with her daughter.

高一月考语文试题

高一月考语文试题 I卷选择题（14×3分=42分） 一、基础知识 1. 下列词语中加点字的读音完全不相同的一组是（） A. 将．子无怒即将．将．领 B. 靡．室劳也披靡．奢靡． C. 脉脉 ．．仆．道奴仆．．．含情脉．络血脉． D. 风尘仆仆 2. 下列各组词语中没有错别字的一组是（） A. 悦怿女美美人之贻暧暧人村食野之苹 B. 皇舆败绩幽思难忘抚壮去秽躬自悼矣 C. 徘徊留连弊在赂秦瑰怪奇伟安如磐石 D. 士也惘极草木零落朝搴夕揽情景交溶 3. 依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，恰当的一组是（） ①广大的教育工作者要用极大的耐心去教育学生，不能因为你们的疏忽而了他们的自尊心。 ②惩治腐败，打击贪赃枉法，贪污分子是当前政法工作的首要任务。 ③世界各国之间发展水平的不平衡，表现为一种经济差距和技术差距，表现为知识差距和教育差距。 A. 伤害揭发既/也 B. 损害揭露不仅/而且 C. 损害揭发既/也 D. 伤害揭露不仅/而且 4. 下列各句中，没有语病的一项是 A.大家还指出，国务院批评石油部主要领导在成绩面前骄傲自满，

是造成“重庆井喷”事故的原因之一。 B.我们的报纸、杂志、电视和一切出版物，更有责任作出表率，杜 绝用字不规范现象，增强使用文字的规范意识。 C.完全出于不可抗拒的自然灾害而造成环境污染损害的，免于承担 责任。 D.新能源以及可再生能源的研制与开发，将越来越提到各国的议事 日程上，因为它关系到人类走出人口剧增、环境恶化和未来发展的重要出路。 5. 下列有关文学常识表述不正确的一项是（） A.“诗经六义”分别指的是《诗经》的内容风、雅、颂和表现手法 赋、比、兴。相传《诗经》为孔子所作。 B.《离骚》是屈原的代表作，是我国古代最长的一首抒情诗，全诗 共二千四百多字，是一首浪漫主义作品。比喻生动，语言瑰丽，夸张大胆，诗中融入大量的神话传说及历史人物故事，使诗篇波澜起伏，千变万化，雄伟奇观。 C.曹操是汉末杰出的政治家、军事家和文学家，他雅好诗章，好作 乐府歌辞。曹操的乐府诗多描写他本人的政治主张和统一天下的雄心壮志。如他的《短歌行》，充分表达了诗人求贤若渴以及统一天下的壮志。 D.历史上所说的唐宋八大家，是唐宋时期八大散文代表作家的合称， 即唐代的韩愈、柳宗元和宋代的欧阳修、三苏、王安石、曾巩。 明朝中叶古文家茅坤整理和编造了《唐宋八大家文钞》共160卷。

高一上学期英语10月月考试卷第17套真题

高一上学期英语10月月考试卷 一、语法填空 1. Everyone has his own attitude to helping others and I would be ________ if you could give me a hand. 2. He was tired ________the city life and hoped to move to the country. 3. To be honest, I was ________ frightened by the thunder just now. 4. When he travels with his friends, his mother is always ________ about his safety. 5. I have to believe that encouragement is so ________ that it can change a person. 6. It was the second time that he ________ the Great Wall. 7. It’s no pleasur e ________ the football match at home alone, so I went to the bar. 8. There was a time ________women were not allowed to publish their works using their own names in England. 9. I like to take part in ________ activities while she prefers to enjoy TV programs indoors. 10. It seems that she has a ________ with her daughter. 11. “The sun is bigger than the moon.” The teacher said to us. The teacher told us ________the sun ________bigger than the moon. 12. “Can you tell me how to get to the nearest restaurant?” the woman

【精选】高一英语上学期11月月考试题

青海省西宁市2017-2018学年高一英语上学期11月月考试题 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 请听下面5段对话,选出最佳选项。 1. How does the man come here? A. By bus. B. By taxi. C. By car. 2. Why isn’t Helen present? A. She forgot to come. B. She changed her decision. C. She wasn’t invited. 3. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A. Husband and wife. B. Mother and son. C. Doctor and patient. 4. What’s the man’s job? A. A shop assistant. B. A tailor. C. A salesman. 5. What does the man mean? A. He can’t go to the cinema. B. He can go to the cinema on Saturday morning. C. He can go to the cinema on Saturday evening. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分22.5分） 请听下面5段对话或独白,选出最佳选项。 请听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。 6. When will the man go on holiday? A. In spring. B. In summer. C. In winter. 7. Where is the man going? A. Switzerland. B. Italy. C. Austria. 请听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。 8. What is the man? A. A businessman. B. A salesman. C. A scientist. 9. Where does this conversation most probably take place? A. On a train. B. On a bus. C. On a plane. 10. Why is the woman traveling? A. She is traveling on holiday. B. She is traveling on business. C. She is traveling to give some lectures. 请听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。 11. Why is the woman calling? A. To buy a table. B. To book a table. C. To serve lunch. 12. When does this restaurant stop serving lunch? A. 1 pm. B. 2 pm. C. 3 pm. 13. How many people will come with the woman for lunch?

河南省安阳市2020学年高一英语4月月考试题

河南省安阳市2016-2017学年高一英语4月月考试题 满分：150分时间：100分钟 第 I 卷 第二部分阅读理解（每小题2分，共40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） A On the 25th of January three years ago, my uncle, my cousin, and I went to the desert to hunt. It was the hunting season. My uncle was 72 years old, but he was still strong. My cousin at that time was 10 years old, and I was 25. It took us three hours by car to reach the place we were looking for, and we arrived there at 5:15 p.m. That night we ate our food, drank Arabic coffee, and sat around the fire talking until 10:30. Then we went to bed. We left camp the next day at 7 o’clock in the morning. We went north and caught two kinds of birds. However, we got into trouble at 10:00 a.m. when our car got stuck in the sand! We spent about three hours trying to pull the car out without any success. Finally, we decided to walk. I talked with my uncle about how hard it was for an old man or a young boy to walk more than 40 kilometers in the desert. He agreed with me. So I took a bottle of water with me and started to return alone. Luckily, I met a man who was riding his camel. He took me to his house. When I had had enough rest, I asked him to take me to the road and he did. Soon, I found a car which took me to the city to get help. I had one day to get back to my uncle and cousin. We were so happy to see each other again. We learned from the experience that the desert is dangerous, but we will never give up hunting. 21. It can be inferred that the author _____. A. lived by hunting B. lived by raising birds C. loved hunting very much D. loved raising birds very much 22. Why did the author walk out of the desert alone? A. Because the other two were too weak to walk.

安徽省定远县民族中学2019_2020学年高一英语6月月考试题

2019-2020学年第二学期6月考试卷 高一英语试题 第I卷 第一部分听力（共20题，每小题1.5分，共30分） 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What is on that piece of paper? A. Sarall's friund's addrees B. Sarah's shopping list C. The location of the supermarket. 2. What is the woman concerned most ahout the apartment? A. The xize B. The price C. The location 3. What do we know about the man? A. He is afraid of driving. B. He called the woman all night C.He didn't go back home last night 4. How will the man go tn Taipei? A. By train B By bus C. By car 5. What did the woman suggest Rob do? A Go to hed early R. Start to study earlier C. Forget about the exam 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

四川省泸州市高一4月月考语文试题

四川省泸州市高一4月月考语文试题 姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________ 一、现代文阅读 (共3题；共25分) 1. （6分） (2017高二下·磁县期末) 论述类文本阅读 如今，大家一提工匠精神，一般都先想起德国、日本等发达国家。殊不知，自古以来，工匠精神就是“中国气质”之一。中国自古就是一个具有创新传统和工匠精神的国度。工匠在古代的社会地位不算高，但有很多匠人名垂青史。先秦的鲁班、李冰是以心灵手巧而成就事业的标杆人物。明朝的宋应星撰写的《天工开物》，被外国学者誉为“中国17世纪的工艺百科全书”。中国古代各类手工匠人以精湛的技艺为社会创造价值，做出过不少重要的发明和创新，为中华文明的形成与繁荣做出了不可或缺的重要贡献。工匠们往往以打造精品为追求。例如，早在6000多年前，中国人开始制作玉器。朱熹对《论语?学而》中的“如琢如磨”做了注解。他说：“治玉石者，既琢之而复磨之；治之已精，而益求其精也。”这是中国思想家对工匠精神的精彩解说。 其实，在工业化早期阶段，德国生产的产品根本谈不上精致。德国人到英国展出产品，被要求标注：“Made in Germany”，相当于劣等产品的标签。这种标注产地的做法给德国人以很大刺激。他们立志要摘掉劣等产品的帽子，经过上百年努力，才后来居上，使“Made in Germany”成为精品的标记。曾几何时，“东洋货”也曾是劣质产品的代名词，现在日本产品却大都是世界精品。 精品的产出，当然需要制度作保障。比起标注“Made in Germany”，中国很早就形成了标注制造者姓名的制度。秦始皇统一了度量衡，为控制产品质量，推行标准化生产奠定了基础。在秦始皇统一中国之前，秦国就实行了“物勒工名”制度。以方便管理者检验产品质量、考核工匠的技艺。据《吕氏春秋》记载，“物勒工名，以考其诚，工有不当，必行其罪，以穷其情。”《秦律》中也有许多具体的惩罚规定。秦代制器，不仅要刻上工匠之名，还要刻上督造者和主造者之名，以便逐级追查产品质量的责任人。如果不刻写名字，就要被罚款。 秦朝还建立了从中央到地方的系统的技术与产品质量管理机构，及分工负责制度。以少府为例，工师为手工业作坊的负责人，集技术与管理于一身，还传授技艺，监督工匠操作、产品质量检验等。检查产品质量，要求“必功致为上。”（《吕氏春秋?孟冬纪》）。做得好的，也有具体的奖励办法。由于有这样的制度，我们就不难理解，为什么秦朝能够制造出精湛的铜车马、兵马俑等艺术品。 在中国历史上，工匠制度的传承发展，渐渐形成了特有的工匠文化和工匠理念，对工匠的行为有很强的约束力。以瓷器工匠为例，官窑（如龙泉窑）生产的好产品呈给皇家，出现次品就要砸掉。陶瓷界有实力的厂家都坚守一个传统：仿品不能当正品出售。正是有“精益求精”的精神、有制度作保证，中国历朝历代才能不断产出名扬四海的精品，如玉器、青铜器、瓷器、丝绸等，铸就东方文明古国的灿烂文化。