《沁园春·长沙》课文原文
《沁园春·长沙》课文原文
沁园春·长沙
独立寒秋，湘江北去，橘子洲头。看万山红遍，层林尽染;漫江碧透，百舸争流。鹰击长空，鱼翔浅底，万类霜天竞自由。怅寥廓，问苍茫大地，谁主沉浮?
携来百侣曾游，忆往昔峥嵘岁月稠。恰同学少年，风华正茂;书生意气，挥斥方遒。指点江山，激扬文字，粪土当年万户侯。曾记否，到中流击水，浪遏飞舟!
作品注释
沁园春：词牌名，“沁园”为东汉明帝为女儿沁水公主修建的皇家园林，据《后汉书窦宪传》记载，沁水公主的舅舅窦宪倚仗其妹贵为皇后之势，竟强夺公主园林，后人感叹其事，多在诗中咏之，渐成“沁园春”这一词牌。本诗选自《毛泽东诗词集》(中央文献出版社2019年版)。
寒秋：就是深秋、晚秋。秋深已有寒意，所以说是寒秋。
湘(xiāng)江：一名湘水，湖南省最大的河流，源出广西壮族自治区陵川县南的海洋山，长1752里，向东北流贯湖南省东部，经过长沙，北入洞庭湖。所以说是湘江北去。
橘子洲：地名，又名水陆洲，是长沙城西湘江中一个狭长小岛，西面靠近岳麓山。南北长约11里，东西最宽处约一里。毛泽东七律《答友人》中所谓长岛，指此。自唐代以
来，就是游览胜地。
万山：指湘江西岸岳麓山和附近许多山峰。
层林尽染：山上一层层的树林经霜打变红，像染过一样。尽染：此处化用王实甫《西厢记》中“晓来谁染霜林醉”句意[2] 。
漫江：满江。漫：满，遍。
舸(gě)：大船。这里泛指船只。
争流：争着行驶。
鹰击长空，鱼翔浅底：鹰在广阔的天空里飞，鱼在清澈的水里游。击，搏击。这里形容飞得矫健有力。翔，本指鸟盘旋飞翔，这里形容鱼游得轻快自由。
万类霜天竞自由：万物都在秋光中竞相自由地生活。万类：指一切生物。霜天：指秋天，即上文“寒秋”。
怅寥廓(chàng liáo kuò)：面对广阔的宇宙惆怅感慨。怅：原意是失意，这里用来表达由深思而引发激昂慷慨的心绪。寥廓(liáo
kuò)：广远空阔，这里用来描写宇宙之大。
苍茫：旷远迷茫。
主：主宰。
沉浮：同“升沉”(上升和没落)意思相近，比喻事物盛衰、消长，这里指兴衰。由上文的俯看游鱼，仰看飞鹰，纳
闷地寻思(“怅”)究竟是谁主宰着世间万物的升沉起伏。
携来：挽，牵。来，语气词，无实义。
百侣：很多的伴侣。侣，这里指同学(也指战友)。
峥嵘岁月稠：不平常的日子是很多的。峥嵘：本指山的高峻，此处意谓不平凡、不寻常。稠：多。
恰：适逢，正赶上。
同学少年：毛泽东于1913年至1918年就读于湖南第一师范学校。1918年毛泽东和萧瑜、蔡和森等组织新民学会，开始了他早期的政治活动。
风华正茂：风采才华正盛。风华：风采，才华。茂：丰满茂盛。
书生意气：书生：读书人，这里指青年学生。意气：意态气概。
挥斥方遒(qiú)：挥斥，奔放。《庄子·田子方》：“挥斥八极”。郭象注：“挥斥，犹纵放也。”遒，强劲有力。方：正。挥斥方遒，是说热情奔放，劲头正足。
指点江山，激扬文字：评论国家大事，用文字来抨击丑恶的现象，赞扬美好的事物。写出激浊扬清的文章。指点，评论。江山，指国家。激扬，激浊扬清，抨击恶浊的，褒扬清明的。
粪土当年万户侯：意思是把当时的军阀官僚看得同粪土一样。粪土，作动词用，视……如粪土。万户侯，汉代设置的最高一级侯爵，食邑万户，享有万户农民的赋税。此借指大军阀，大官僚。万户，指侯爵封地内的户口，要向受封者缴纳租税，服劳役。
中流：江心水深流急的地方。
击水：作者自注：“击水：游泳。那时初学，盛夏水涨，几死者数，一群人终于坚持，直到隆冬，犹在江中。当时有一篇诗，都忘记了，只记得两句：自信人生二百年，会当水击三千里。”这里引用祖逖(tì)的“中流击楫”典故。(祖逖因为国家政权倾覆，时刻怀着振兴光复的心志。元帝就让他担任奋威将军、豫州刺史，供给他一千人的军粮，三千匹布，但不给战衣和兵器，让他自行招募士众。祖逖仍就率领随自己流亡的部属一百多家，渡过长江，到江心时他扣击船桨发誓说：“我祖逖不能平定中原并再次渡江回来的话，就像长江的水一去不返!”言辞激昂神色悲壮，众人都为他的誓言感慨赞叹。)这里指游泳。
遏(è)：阻止。
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现代大学英语第三册第一单元(精)
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现代大学英语精读2课文
Unit1 Another School Year — What For Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. It was January of 1940 and I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University of Kansas City. Part of the student body was a beanpole with hair on top who came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if to say "All right, teach me something." Two weeks later we started Hamlet. Three weeks later he came into my office with his hands on his hips. "Look," he said, "I came here to be a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this stuff" And not having a book of his own to point to, he pointed to mine which was lying on the desk. New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things. I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college and that at the end of his course meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science. It would not read: Qualified Pill-Grinding Technician. It would certify that he had specialized in pharmacy, but it would further certify that he had been exposed to some of the ideas mankind has generated within its history. That is to say, he had not entered a technical training school but a university and in universities students enroll for both training and education.
现代大学英语精读3课文电子版
Michael Welzenbach 1. When I was 12 years old, my family moved to England, the fourth major move in my short life. My father’s government job demanded that he go overseas every few years, so I was used to wrenching myself away from friends. 2. We rented an 18th-century farmhouse in Berkshire. Nearby were ancient castles and churches. Loving nature, however, I was most delighted by the endless patchwork of farms and woodland that surrounded our house. In the deep woods that verged against our back fence, a network of paths led almost everywhere, and pheasants rocketed off into the dense laurels ahead as you walked. 3. I spent most of my time roaming the woods and fields alone, playing Robin Hood, daydreaming, collecting bugs and bird-watching. It was heaven for a boy —but a lonely heaven. Keeping to myself was my way of not forming attachments that I would only have to abandon
部编版六年级下册语文《鲁滨逊漂流记(节选)》课文原文及知识点
部编版六年级下册语文《鲁滨逊漂流记(节选)》课文原文及知识点 部编版六年级下册语文《鲁滨逊漂流记(节选)》课文原文 一天,鲁滨孙在沙滩上,发现了人类的脚印和几堆人骨头。经过仔细考察,他 发现附近的海上,住着吃人的土人。他非常害怕,只好格外地当心防备。有一天, 他听见一阵骚乱声,接着发现一群吃人的土人驾着独木船,带着两个俘虏,来到荒 岛的沙滩上,看样子要把这两个人活活吃掉。他们燃起火炬,敲锣打鼓,呐喊跳舞。鲁滨孙正在惊慌,只见其中被缚的一个人,忽然挣脱了束缚,向鲁滨孙这边跑来,鲁 滨孙可怜这个人的遭遇,完全忘记了害怕,他冲上去“砰!砰!”几枪,就把那群土 人吓跑了。 那逃来的人也是土人,不过是另一族的,鲁滨孙救了他,替他取了个名字叫星 期五。教他说话,叫他帮着做事,两人也渐渐可以谈话了。有了星期五,鲁滨孙是 何等的快活啊! 不久,鲁滨孙和星期五又从吃人的土人那里救出两个人,一个是星期五的父亲,一个是航海遇难的欧洲人。星期五父子团聚,非常快活,鲁滨孙也有说不出的高兴。 到了第28年,一天早晨,突然有一只英国大船经过孤岛,鲁滨孙既高兴又惊奇。这只船上有些凶恶的水手企图伤害船长,夺取大船。当双方相持不下的时候,鲁滨 孙和星期五赶到船上,他们与船长联合打败了那些叛徒,还把一些坏人留在岛上, 以示惩罚。 鲁滨孙也由此结束了近30年的孤独生活,告别了无名岛,带着星期五,乘着那 只大船,回到了他念念不忘的祖国——英国。回到家乡一看,他的亲戚朋友,大部 分都不在人世了。) 从前,有一个人名叫鲁滨孙,是个英国人。他喜欢航海和冒险,因此到过许多 危险,但他一点儿也不畏惧,希望走遍天涯海角。 有一次,鲁滨孙乘船前往南美洲,途中遇上大风,船上的桅杆吹断了,船也翻了,同伴们都死在海里,只有他一个人被大浪冲到海岛边。这是一个无名的、没有人 居住的荒岛,到处是乱石野草。他又冷又饿,流落到这种地方,怎样活下去呢? 第二天,太阳出来了,海面上也平静下来。等到潮水退了,鲁滨孙看到那翻了 的船,有一半浮在海面上,离岸并不远。他就找了一些木头做成木筏。划到船边。 在船舱里,鲁滨孙找到很多可以用、可以吃的东西,陆续搬到岸上,还带回没有淹 死的一条沟,两只猫,这使他在凄凉中感到一丝安慰。更有趣的是他在破船里拾到 许多钱,但钱在孤岛上又有什么用呢? 现在首先需要一个容身的地方,以避日晒雨淋。鲁滨孙走遍荒岛,在山坡上选 择了一块有水源、有树阴、又可以防野兽的地方,用木头和船帆搭起一座简陋的 帐篷。那儿可以看到海面,他希望瞧见过往的船只,以便请求援救。 鲁滨孙在岛上定居下来,过着寂寞的生活。他没有更高的要求,但是破船上搬 下来的食物很快吃光了,要想活下去,就得想办法。 他每天拿着枪,带着狗到森林里去打猎,或到海边去捕鱼,并且把捕到的活山 羊畜养起来。后来他竟有了成群的山羊,可以常喝羊奶,吃羊肉。搬来的东西里, 有一些麦子,他把它们撒在围墙里,不久长出了嫩芽,后来结出了十几个穗子。他
现代大学英语精读第3册教案
现代大学英语精读第3册教案 CONTEMPORARY COLLEGE ENGLISH---BOOK 3 The title of teaching: UNIT 1 Your College Years Period of the teaching: 10 classes Objectives: 1. To expand basic vocabulary and expressions 2. To appreciate the theme of the text 3. To know about some background information about Eric H Erickson‘s Developmental Stages. 4. To review the grammatical knowledge about the conjunction while and to learn to use parallelism. Key points: 1. Language study and expressions 2. Background information 3. Word Building: de-, pro-, -ject, -volve, -ogy. 4. Paraphrases of difficult sentences Difficult points: 1. ways of expressing the object 2. Writing devices: antithesis 3. The corresponding information about the text Methods of teaching: 1. Interactive teaching method 2. Communicative Teaching method 1
六年级上册《唯一的听众》课文内容
六年级上册《唯一的听众》课文内容 用父亲和妹妹的话来说，我在音乐方面简直是一个白痴。这是他们在经受了我数次“折磨”之后下的结论。在他们听来，我拉小夜曲就像在锯床腿。这些话使我感到十分沮丧，我不敢在家里练琴了。我发现了一个练琴的好地方，楼区后面的小山上有一片树林，地上铺满了落叶。 一天早晨，我蹑（niè）手蹑脚地走出家门，心里充满了神圣感，仿佛要去干一件非常伟大的事情。林子里静极了。沙沙的足音，听起来像一曲悠悠的小令。我在一棵树下站好，庄重地架起小提琴，像举行一个隆重的仪式，拉响了第一支曲子。但我很快又沮丧起来，我觉得自己似乎又把锯子带到了树林里。 我感觉到背后有人，转过身时，吓了一跳：一位极瘦极瘦的老妇人静静地坐在木椅上，平静地望着我。我的脸顿时烧起来，心想，这么难听的声音一定破坏了这林中的和谐，一定破坏了这位老人正独享的幽静。 我抱歉地冲老人笑了笑，准备溜走。老人叫住了我，说：“是我打扰了你吗，小伙子？不过，我每天早晨都在这儿坐一会儿。”一束阳光透过叶缝照在她的满头银丝上，“我想你一定拉得非常好，可惜我的耳朵聋了。如果不介意我在场，请继续吧。”
我指了指琴，摇了摇头。意思是说我拉不好。 “也许我会用心去感受这音乐。我能做你的听众吗，每天早晨？” 我被老人诗一般的语言打动了。我羞愧起来，同时有了几分兴奋。嘿，毕竟有人夸我了，尽管她是一个聋子。我拉了起来。以后，每天清晨，我都到小树林去练琴，面对我唯一的听众，一位耳聋的老人。她一直很平静地望着我。我停下来时，她总不忘说上一句：“真不错。我的心已经感受到了。谢谢你，小伙子。”我心里洋溢着一种从未有过的感觉。 很快我就发觉自己变了。我又开始在家里练琴了。从我紧闭门窗的房间里，常常传出基本练习曲的乐声。我站得很直，两臂累得又酸又痛，汗水湿透了衬衣。以前我是坐在木椅上练琴的。同时，每天清晨，我要面对一位耳聋的老人尽心尽力地演奏；而我唯一的听众总是早早地坐在木椅上等我。有一次，她说我的琴声能给她带来快乐和幸福。我也常常忘记她是聋子，只看见老人微笑着靠在木椅上，手指悄悄打着节奏。她慈祥的眼神平静地望着我，像深深的潭水…… 我一直珍藏着这个秘密，直到有一天，我的一曲《月光》奏鸣曲让专修音乐的妹妹大吃一惊。妹妹追问我得到了哪位名师的指点。我告诉她：“是一位老太太，就住在12号楼，非常瘦，满头白发，不过——她是个聋子。”
paraphrase excercise现代大学英语第3册
Study the following sentences carefully and then paraphrase them in English: Unit One Your College Years 1.… identity is determined by genetic endowment (what is inherited from parents), shaped by environment, and influenced by chance events. (2) Who we are is determined by three things: first, our genes, or what our parents have given us, our legacy; second, environment, and third, luck or opportunities. 2.These religious, moral, and ethical values that are set during the college years often last a lifetime. (7) These values that are established during the college years often last a lifetime. It is believed that our character or basic moral principles are formulated during this period of time. 3.These are exciting times yet frustrating times. Probably nothing can make students feel lower or higher emotionally than the way they are relating to whomever they are having a romantic relationship with. It is difficult for a college student to make a clear role of being a man or a woman in the future because they feel excited and confused about their sexual roles. They may feel happy and unhappy, without much hope for the future. 4.Probably nothing can make students feel lower or higher emotionally than the way they are relating to whomever they are having a romantic relationship with. (5) When students are in a romantic relationship with the opposite sex, they are most likely to feel unhappy or happy emotionally. 5.It may be heightened by their choice to purse a college education. (3) If they choose to continue their education, they will face an even more serious struggle between the desire to be independent and the need to depend on the financial support of their parents. 6.While students are going through an identity crisis, they are becoming independent from their parents yet are probably still very dependent on them. This independence/dependence struggle is very much part of the later adolescence stage. They have been away from their parents and become independent, but somehow they can not be completely independent from their parents because they still need their parents to provide the money to support their life and study. Unit 3 A Dill Pickle 1.She shivered, hearing the boatman's song break out again loud and tragic, and seeing… She was very sensitive to art and music and she felt excited as the man was describing the beautiful picture. 2.… although at the time that letter nearly finished my life. I found… and I couldn't help laughing as I read it. To write such a break-up letter was very difficult for Vera. The letter reminded them of the heart-broken feeling and it finished both the man and the woman. But he trivialized the letter, and even mocked the letter, which hurt Vera deeply.
《唯一的听众》教案.doc
《唯一的听众》教案 学习目标 1、学习本课生字、新词，摘录印象深刻的句子。2、有感情地朗读课文，把握课文内容。 3、体会老教授对“我”的鼓励、给“我”带来的变化，感受人与人之间真情的美好。4、环境描写、人物心理描写的作用。教学目标1．学会6个生字。正确读写“神圣、悠悠、庄重、仪式、抱歉、溜走、介意、追问、荒唐、声望、割舍、大吃一惊”等词语。2．有感情地朗读课文。提出不懂的问题与同学讨论。抄写印象深刻的句子。3．理解课文内容，引导学生从老教授的言行与“我”的心理、行动变化两方面感受人对“我”的爱护、鼓励，以及“我”对她的敬佩、感激之情。教学重点引导学生从老教授的言行与“我”的心理、行动变化两方面感受老人对“我”的爱护、鼓励，以及“我”对她的敬佩、感激之情。教学准备：课件。教学时间：两课时教学过程：第一课时一、导入1．播放《月光奏鸣曲》。同学们，刚才你们听的这首小提琴曲美吗？大家听得多认真、多投入呀！你们，就是这首曲子的──听众（板书）可是，曲子好听琴难拉。有一位小提琴的爱好者，刚开始，他拉出的小夜曲，被人当作是锯桌腿的声音，他感到十分沮丧和灰心，但是后来，他成功了，这都是得益于他的那位──唯一的听众。板书：唯一的（理解词
语）2．齐读课题，质疑：同学们，读了课题，你最想问什么？同学们可真会提问题，老师把大家的问题归纳一下，不外乎这两个：“唯一的听众”是指谁？ “唯一的听众”她做了什么事情？二、初读课文1．那么，你有什么好办法解决这两个问题呢？（好好地读读课文）。2．下面就请同学们自读课文，要求能够读准字音，读通课文，读的时候也不要忘记想想这两个问题的答案。学生自由朗读课文3．现在这两个问题，你能解决吗？（1）“唯一的听众”是指谁？相机板书：老妇人这是一个怎样的老妇人呢？请同学们快速 浏览课文，找出文中相关的句子。交流： （）的老妇人（一位极瘦极瘦的老妇人静静地坐在木椅上，平静地望着我。）（2）“唯一的听众”她做了什么事情？（父亲和妹妹说“我”在音乐方面是个白痴，使“我”十分沮丧，不敢在家中练琴。于是“我”到林中练琴，遇到一位自称耳聋的老妇人，她猜想“我”拉得很好，并愿意天天做“我”的听众。每次“我”停下练琴，她总是夸奖“真不错”。在她的鼓励下，“我”找回了自信，又回到家中练琴。最后写“我”从妹妹那儿知道了老妇人的真实身份，心灵受到震撼。后来拉小提琴成了“我”无法割舍的爱好，每次演出时总会想起这位德高望重的老人。） 4、老师还要检查一下大家对字词的预习情况白痴荒唐声望沮丧绝望懊恼神圣
现代大学英语精读1 UNIT6 The Green Banana 课文翻译
2014101018 第六单元 Translation of Text A 青香蕉 1尽管这种事情在任何地方都可能发生，但我与青香蕉的邂逅却源自于巴西腹地一条险峻的山路上。我那老式吉普车正吃力地穿过景色优美的乡村，这时，水箱突然漏水了，而离我最近的汽车修理站也还要十英里。发动机过热迫使我在临近的村庄停了下来。村里有一个小商店和分布在四处的几座房子。有村民围过来看，三股细细的热水柱从水箱外壳上的小孔喷出来。“这容易解决，”一个人说到。他让一个小男孩跑去拿些青香蕉来。这个人还拍了拍我的肩膀，安慰我问题会解决的。“青香蕉。”他笑了，其余的人都这么说着。 2我和他们闲聊起来，心里却一直在想他们用这青香蕉怎么能修补好水箱。毫无疑问，提问会暴露我的无知，因此我开始赞叹眼前美丽的乡村景色。耸立在我们周围巨大的岩石群，很像里约热内卢著名的糖面包山。“看见那边那块高高的岩石了吗？”那人指着一块特别高而且细长的黑色石柱问我，“那块岩石标志着世界的中心。” 3我看着他，想知道他是否在和我开玩笑，但他却表情严肃，反过来认真地审视着我，似乎想确定我是否领会了他那句话的深刻含义。这种情况要求我必须表现出认同。他点头说：“绝对是中心。这儿的人都知道。” 4这时，小男孩抱着青香蕉回来了。那个男子把其中一根掰成两半，将其断口处按在水箱的外壳上。香蕉遇到炙热的金属融成了胶，立刻就堵住了漏洞。面对如此情景，我惊呆了，我当时的表情一定是傻傻的，所有的人都笑了起来。他们把我的水箱装满水，又让我带上一些香蕉，以防沿途中水箱再出问题。路上，我又用了一次青香蕉，一个小时后，我开着车到达了目的地。当地的一修理工笑着问我：“谁教你用青香蕉的？”我告诉了他那个村子的名字。“他们有没有指给你看标志世界中心的那块岩石?”他问道。我告诉他，他们指给我看了。“我祖父就是那儿的人，”他说，“那的确是中心。一直以来这儿的人都知道。” 5作为美国教育的产物，除了把青香蕉当作还没长熟的水果，我从来就没注意过它。但突然在那条山路上，当我需要它时，它正巧出现了。可是仔细想一想，其实青香蕉一直在那儿存在着。时间可以追溯到香蕉的最初的起源。那个村子里的人都知道它已经很多年了，我现在也因此认识它了。我开始珍视村民们的聪明才智和青香蕉的特殊潜能。曾有一段时间，我一直困惑于教育家们提出的“领悟的瞬间”，而现在我知道自己刚刚同时经历了两个这样的瞬间。 6我又用了一些时间来领会村民们认为那块标志着世界中心的岩石的重要性。开始时我怀疑他们的说法，因为我知道实际上世界的中心是位于新英格兰的某个