药学专业英语

medicine；drug；remedy 药

sleeping pill 安眠药

contraceptive drugs 避孕药

tonic 补药

a medicine for colds 感冒药

expectorant 化痰药

anti-cancer drugs；cancer-fighting drugs 抗癌药anti-tuberculous drug 抗结核药

oral contraceptive；pill 口服避孕药

good medicine；a good remedy 良药

laxative 轻泻药

antipyretic 退热药

for oral administration 内服药

specific medicine；specific 特效药

for external use 外用药

preventive medicine；prophylactic 预防药

sedative 镇静药

take medicine 服药

change dressings 换药

decoct herbal medicine 煎药

fill a prescription 配药

have a prescription made up（filled）（患者）抓药medicinal materials；crude drugs 药材

medicinal herbs 药草

tablet 药片

medicines and chemical reagents 药品

medicine bottle 药瓶

remedies 药石

liquid medicine；medicinal liquid 药水

lotion 洗液

pill 药丸

bolus 大药丸

herbal medicines in a prescription 药味（中药方中的药）flavor of a drug 药味（药的味道或气味）medicines；pharmaceuticals；medicaments 药物

heal with drugs 药物医治

drug allergy 药物过敏

materia medica 药物学

drug poisoning 药物中毒

（medicinal）powder 药粉

ointment；salve 药膏

apply a plaster 上药膏

medical apparatus and instruments：医疗器械

pharmaceutical factory：药厂

drugstore；chemists shop；pharmacy：药店

pharmacopeia：药典

prescription：药方

write out a prescription：开药方

drugstore；chemists shop；pharmacy：医药商店hospital pharmacy；dispensary：医院或诊所里的药房expenses for medicine；charges for medicine：药费

a pot for decocting herbal medicine：药罐子

chronic invalid：药罐子（经常生病的人）

apothecariesmeasure or weight：药衡

medicinal herb collector；herbalist：药农

herbal medicine shop：药铺

asthma 哮喘

pneumonia 肺炎heart disease 心脏病arrhythmia 心律不齐indigestion 消化不良

gastritis 胃炎

appendicitis 盲肠炎

hepatitis 肝炎

dermatitis 皮炎freckle/ephelis 痣，雀斑

acne 粉刺

flu 流感

diarrhoea 痢疾

quarantine 检疫

vaccinate 打疫苗

endemic 水土不服

relapse 复发症

casualty 急症

stupor 昏迷

sprain 扭伤

scalding 烫伤

graze 擦伤

scratch 搔挠

trauma 外伤

bruise 淤伤

fracture 骨折

dislocation 脱臼

tinnitus 耳鸣

trachoma 沙眼

colour blindness 色盲nearsightedness/myopia 近视astigmatism 散光

gingivitis 牙龈炎

cavity 龋齿

fever 发烧discomfort/disorder 不适

malnutrition 营养不良

incubation 潜伏期

asthenia 虚弱

poisoning 中毒

fatigue 疲劳

heat stroke 中暑

itching 发痒

ache/pain 痛

tetanus 破伤风

night sweat 盗汗

chill 打冷颤

pale 脸色发白

shuddering 发抖

inflammation 炎症

acute 急症

chronic 慢性病

congenital 先天性病

nausea 恶心

vomit 呕吐

常用药品监管英语与缩略语

——浙江省药品监督管理局政策法规处

一、监管英语

1.《中华人民共和国药品管理法》

Drug Control Law of the People's Republic of China

2.药品生产企业管理

control over drug manufacturers

3.药品经营企业管理

control over drug distributors

4.医疗机构的药剂管理

control over medicines in medical institutions

5.药品管理

control over drugs

6.药品包装的管理

control over drug packaging

7.药品价格和广告的管理

control over drug price and advertisement

8.药品监督

inspection of drugs

9.法律责任

legal liabilities

10.药品标识

labels or marks of the drugs

11.假药

counterfeit drugs

12.劣药

inferior drugs

13.药品检验机构

drug quality control laboratory

14.药品的生产企业

drug manufacturers

15.经营企业

drug distributors

16.医疗机构

medical institutions

17.药品监督管理部门

drug regulatory agency

18.药品批准证明文件

drug approval documents

19.行政处分

administrative sanctions

20.刑事责任

criminal liabilities

21.药品生产质量管理规范

Good Manufacturing Practice for Pharmaceutical Products (GMP)

22.药品经营质量管理规范

Good Supply Practice for Pharmaceutical Products (GSP)

23.药品生产许可证

Drug Manufacturing Certificate

24.药品经营许可证

Drug Supply Certificate

25.医疗机构制剂许可证

Pharmaceutical Preparation Certificate for Medical Institution

26.进口药品注册证书

Import Drug License

27.临床试验

clinical trial

28.新药证书

New Drug Certificate

29.药品批准文号

Drug Approval Number

30.在中华人民共和国境内从事药品的研制、生产、经营、使用和监督管理的单位或者个人，必须遵守《中华人民共和国药品管理法》

All institutions or individuals engaged in research, production, distribution, use, and administration and supervision of drugs in the People's Republic of Ch ina shall abide by drug control law of the people's republic of China.

31.国务院药品监督管理部门主管全国药品监督管理工作。

The drug regulatory agency of the State Council shall be responsible for drug a dministration and supervision nationwide.

32.省、自治区、直辖市人民政府药品监督管理部门负责本行政区域内的药品监督管理工作。

The drug regulatory agencies of the governments of provinces, autonomous region s, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be responsibl e for drug regulation in their administrative areas.

33.药品监督管理部门设置或者确定的药品检验机构，承担依法实施药品审批和药品质量监督检查所需的药品检验工作。

The drug quality control laboratories established or designated by drug regulat ory agencies shall undertake the responsibility for drug testing required for c onducting drug review and approval and controlling drug quality pursuant to the law.

34.开办药品生产企业，须经企业所在地省、自治区、直辖市人民政府药品监督管理部门批准并发给《药品生产许可证》，凭《药品生产许可证》到工商行政管理部门办理登记注册。Any newly established pharmaceutical manufacturer shall be subject to approval by the local drug regulatory agency of the government of the province, autonomo us region or municipality directly under the Central Government and be granted the Drug Manufacturing Certificate, and, with the certificate, the manufacturer shall be registered with the administrative agency for industry and commerce.

35.《药品生产许可证》应当标明有效期和生产范围，到期重新审查发证。

The term of validation and the scope of manufacturing shall be noted in the Dru g Manufacturing Certificate. For renewal of the certificate on expiration, revi ewing and approval again is required.

36.药品监督管理部门批准开办药品生产企业，应当符合国家制定的药品行业发展规划和产业政策，防止重复建设。

When giving approval to the newly-established manufacturer, the drug regulatory agency shall see to it that the development programs and policies set by the S tate for the pharmaceutical industry shall be complied with so as to prevent du plicate construction.

37.开办药品生产企业，必须具备以下条件：（一）具有依法经过资格认定的药学技术人员、工程技术人员及相应的技术工人；（二）具有与其药品生产相适应的厂房、设施和卫生环境；（三）具有能对所生产药品进行质量管理和质量检验的机构、人员以及必要的仪器设备；（四）具有保证药品质量的规章制度。

Any drug manufacturer to be established shall meet the following requirements: (1) stuffed with legally qualified pharmaceutical and engineering professionals and the necessary technical workers;(2) provided with the premises, facilities, and clear environment required for drug manufacturing; (3) having quality mana gement and control units and personnel capable of quality management of and tes ting for drugs to be produced and the necessary instruments and equipment; and (4) establishing rules and regulations to govern the quality of drugs.

38.药品生产企业必须按照国务院药品监督管理部门依据本法制定的《药品生产质量管理规范》组织生产。药品监督管理部门按照规定对药品生产企业是否符合《药品生产质量管理规范》的要求进行认证；对认证合格的，发给认证证书。

Drug manufacturers shall conduct production according to the Good Manufacturing Practice Products (GMP) formulated by the drug regulatory agency of the State Council based on this Law. The drug regulatory agency shall inspect a drug manu facturer as to its compliance with the GMP requirements and issue a certificate to the manufacturer passing the inspection.

39.除中药饮片的炮制外，药品必须按照国家药品标准和国务院药品监督管理部门批准的生产工艺进行生产，生产记录必须完整准确。

With the exception of the processing of prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs, a drug shall be produced in conformity with the National Drug Standard an

d with th

e production processes approved by the drug regulatory agency o

f t he State Council, and the production records shall be complete and accurate.

40.药品生产企业改变影响药品质量的生产工艺的，必须报原批准部门审核批准。

When drug manufacturers make any change in the production process that may affe ct the drug quality, they shall submit the change to the original authority for reviewing and approval.

41.生产药品所需的原料、辅料，必须符合药用要求。

Active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and recipients for the manufacture of p harmaceutical products shall meet the requirements for medicinal use.

42.药品生产企业必须对其生产的药品进行质量检验。

Drug manufacturers shall perform quality test of their products.

43.不符合国家药品标准或者不按照省、自治区、直辖市人民政府药品监督管理部门制定的中药饮片炮制规范炮制的，不得出厂。

No products that do not meet the National Drug Standards or that are not produ ced according to the processing procedures for the prepared slices of Chinese c rude drugs formulated by the drug regulatory agency of the government of a prov ince, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government may be released.

44.经国务院药品监督管理部门或者国务院药品监督管理部门授权的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府药品监督管理部门批准，药品生产企业可以接受委托生产药品。

A drug manufacturer may not accept any contract production of drugs unless it i s approved by the drug regulatory agency of the State Council, or by the drug r egulatory agency of the government of a province, autonomous region, or municip ality directly under the Central Government authorized by the drug regulatory a gency of the State Council.

45.开办药品批发企业，须经企业所在地省、自治区、直辖市人民政府药品监督管理部门批准并发给《药品经营许可证》.

Any newly established drug wholesaler shall be subject to approval of the local drug agency of the government of the province, autonomous region or municipali ty directly under the Central Government and be granted the Drug Supply Certifi cate.

46.开办药品零售企业，须经企业所在地县级以上地方药品监督管理部门批准并发给《药品经营许可证》。

Any newly established drug retailer shall be subject to approval and be granted the above certificate by the local drug regulatory agency at or above the coun ty level.

47. 药品批发、零售企业凭《药品经营许可证》到工商行政管理部门办理登记注册。

With the Drug Supply Certificate , the wholesaler and the retailer shall be reg istered with the administrative agency for industry and commerce.

47.无《药品经营许可证》的，不得经营药品。

No one is permitted to distribute drugs without the certificate.

48.《药品经营许可证》应当标明有效期和经营范围，到期重新审查发证。

The valid period and the scope of business shall be indicated in the Drug Suppl y Certificate. For renewal of the certificate upon expiration, reviewing and ap proval again is required.

49.开办药品经营企业必须具备以下条件：（一）具有依法经过资格认定的药学技术人员；（二）具有与所经营药品相适应的营业场所、设备、仓储设施、卫生环境；（三）具有与所经营药品相适应的质量管理机构或者人员；（四）具有保证所经营药品质量的规章制度。

A drug distributor to be established shall meet the following requirements:(1) staffed with legally qualified pharmaceutical professionals;(2) provided with t he business operation premises, equipment, warehouses, and clear environment re quired for drug distribution;(3) having the quality control units or personnel adaptable the drugs to be distributed; and(4) establishing rules and regulation s to govern the quality of the drugs to be distributed.

50.药品经营企业必须按照国务院药品监督管理部门依据本法制定的《药品经营质量管理规范》经营药品。

Drug distributors shall conduct business according to the Good Supply Practice for Pharmaceutical Products (GSP) set by the drug regulatory agency of the Stat e Council based on this Law.

51.药品监督管理部门按照规定对药品经营企业是否符合《药品经营质量管理规范》的要求进行认证；对认证合格的，发给认证证书。

The drug regulatory agency inspect a drug distributor as to its compliance with the GSP requirements, and issue a certificate to the distributor passing the i nspection.

52.药品经营企业购进药品，必须建立并执行进货检查验收制度，验明药品合格证明和其他标识；不符合规定要求的，不得购进。

After receiving the drug purchased, drug distributors shall pass the establishe d examination and acceptance system, and check the certificate of drug quality, labels and others marks; no drugs that fail to meet the requirements are permi tted to be purchased.

53.药品经营企业购销药品，必须有真实完整的购销记录。

Drug distributors shall keep a real and perfect records of purchasing and selli ng drugs.

54.购销记录必须注明药品的通用名称、剂型、规格、批号、有效期、生产厂商、购（销）货单位、购（销）货数量、购销价格、购（销）货日期及国务院药品监督管理部门规定的其他内容。

In the record shall be indicated the adopted name of drugs, dosage form, streng th or size, batch number, date of expiry, manufacturer, purchaser (or seller), amount of the drug purchased (or sold), purchase or selling price, date of purc

hase (or sale) , and other items specified by the drug regulatory agency of the State Council.

55.药品经营企业销售中药材，必须标明产地。

Drug distributors shall indicate the habitat of Chinese crude drugs to be sold.

56.药品经营企业必须制定和执行药品保管制度，采取必要的冷藏、防冻、防潮、防虫、防鼠等措施，保证药品质量。

A drug distributor shall pass the established system for drug storage, and take necessary measures to ensure drug quality, such as cold storing, protecting fr om being frozen and moisture and guarding against insects and rodents.

57.药品入库和出库必须执行检查制度。

An examination system shall be followed for storing drugs in warehouse and rele asing them from warehouse.

58.城乡集市贸易市场可以出售中药材，国务院另有规定的除外。

Chinese crude drugs may be sold at fairs in urban and rural areas, except those otherwise specified by the State Council.

59.城乡集市贸易市场不得出售中药材以外的药品，但持有《药品经营许可证》的药品零售企业在规定的范围内可以在城乡集市贸易市场设点出售中药材以外的药品。

No drugs other than the Chinese crude drugs may be sold at fairs in urban and r ural areas, but drug retailers holding the Drug Supply Certificate may, within the specified business scope, sell such drugs at the stores they set up at the fairs.

60.医疗机构配制制剂，须经所在地省、自治区、直辖市人民政府卫生行政部门审核同意，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府药品监督管理部门批准，发给《医疗机构制剂许可证》。Dispensing pharmaceutical preparations by a medical institution shall be subjec t to reviewing and permission by the health administration agency of the govern ment of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Cent ral Government, and upon approval by the drug regulatory agency of the governme nt. A Pharmaceutical Preparation Certificate for Medical Institution shall be i ssued by the above drug regulatory agency.

61.无《医疗机构制剂许可证》的医疗机构，不得配制制剂。

No medical institution is permitted to dispense pharmaceutical preparations wit hout the Pharmaceutical Preparation Certificate for Medical Institution.

62.《医疗机构制剂许可证》应当标明有效期，到期重新审查发证。

The term of validation shall be noted in the Pharmaceutical Preparation Certifi cate for Medical Institution. For renewal of the certificate upon expiration, r eviewing and approval again is required.

63.医疗机构配制的制剂，应当是本单位临床需要而市场上没有供应的品种，并须经所在地省、自治区、直辖市人民政府药品监督管理部门批准后方可配制。

The pharmaceutical preparations to be dispensed by the medical institution shal l be those satisfying the clinic need of the institution but not available on t he market. It shall be subject to approval in advance by the local drug regulat ory agency of the government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government.

64.医疗机构配制的制剂，不得在市场销售。

No pharmaceutical preparations dispensed by medical institutions are permitted to be marketed.

65.研制新药，必须按照国务院药品监督管理部门的规定如实报送研制方法、质量指标、药理及毒理试验结果等有关资料和样品，经国务院药品监督管理部门批准后，方可进行临床试验。

A full description of a new drug research and development including the manufac turing process, quality specifications, results of pharmacological and toxicolo gical study, and the related data as well as the samples shall, in accordance w

ith the regulations of the drug regulatory agency of the State Council, be trut hfully submitted to the above agency for reviewing and approval.

66.完成临床试验并通过审批的新药，由国务院药品监督管理部门批准，发给新药证书。When a new drug has gone through clinical trials and passed the reviewing, a Ne w Drug Certificate shall be issued upon approval by the drug regulatory agency of the State Council.

67.药物的非临床安全性评价研究机构和临床试验机构必须分别执行药物非临床研究质量管理规范、药物临床试验质量管理规范。

The institutions for non-clinical safety evaluation and study and for clinical study institutions shall respectively follow the Good Laboratory Practice for N on-Clinical Laboratory Studies (GLP) and Good Clinical Practice (GCP).

68.生产新药或者已有国家标准的药品的，须经国务院药品监督管理部门批准，并发给药品批准文号；但是，生产没有实施批准文号管理的中药材和中药饮片除外。

Production of a new drug or production of a drug complying with National Drug S tandards shall be subject to the approval by the drug regulatory agency of the State Council, and a drug approval number shall be issued for it, with the exce ption of the Chinese crude drugs and the prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs in which no control by approval number is exercised.

(完整版)药剂学专业英语词汇

药剂学专业英语词汇 A absolute biaoavailability 绝对生物利用度 absorption 吸收 acacia 阿拉伯胶 accelerated stability 加速稳定性试验 accumulation factor 蓄积因子 active targeting 主动靶向 active transport 主动转运 additives 附加剂 adhesives 粘合剂 adjuvant 辅料 administration 给药；服法；用法 aerosil 微粉硅胶 aerosol 气雾剂 agar 琼脂 aggregation 凝聚（作用） albumin 白蛋白 alginate(alginic acid) 海藻酸盐（海藻酸） amorphous form 无定型 amphiphilic 两亲性的 ampoule 安瓿 angle of friction 摩擦角 angle of repose 休止角 anion exchange resin 阴离子交换树脂 antiadherents 抗粘合剂 antioxidant 抗氧剂 antiseptics 防腐剂；消毒剂 apparent first-order absorption(elimination) rate constant 表观一级吸收（消除）常数 apparent volume of distribution 表观分布容积 aromatic waters 芳香水剂 aseptic manipulation 无菌操作 autoclave 高压灭菌器 autoxidation 自动氧化 Azone 1-十二烷基氮杂环庚烷-2-酮（氮酮）

药学专业英语简历

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崩解度 disintegration 崩解剂 disintegrants 必需氨基酸 essential aminoacid 必需脂肪酸 essential fatty acid 变态反应 allergy; allergic reaction 表面活性 surface activity 表面张力 surface tension 丙种射线 gamma rays 补体 complement 补体系统 complement system 不良反应 adverse reaction 不完全抗原 incomplete antigen 搽剂 liniments 长期毒性实验 long term toxicity test 长效制剂 prolonged action preparation 肠肝循环 enterohepatic circulation 肠溶控释片 enteric controlled release tablets 肠溶衣 enteric coating 处方 prescription;recipe 穿透促进剂 penetration enhancers 磁性控释制剂 magnetic controlled release dosage form 磁性药物制剂 magnetic medicinal preparations 大分子 macromolecule 单克隆抗体 monoclonal antibody

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药学英语

《药学英语》课程教学大纲 一、课程教学目的与任务 开设药学英语旨在从培养高级应用型人才的目标出发，结合药学及相关专业学生毕业后的工作实际，力求为他们提供其未来工作岗位所需要的专业英语知识和技能。通过教学，提高学生借助辞典和其他工具书籍，阅读国外文献的能力，并为将来我国执业药师与国际接轨做准备。 二、理论教学的基本要求 学完该课程后，在知识、技能和能力上分别应达到的以下程度： 了解英文药学文献的写作特点和格式，学习如何分析和理解英语长句。英国药典和美国药典的背景知识和使用方法，了解FDA的职责和功能；理解各章节PartA部分课文意思及PartB部分药品说明书中的常见例句；掌握掌握药品说明书必须书写的10个项目及其常用词汇，能够归纳出一些常见的化学基团的英文词缀；能用所学知识书写简单的英语药品说明书。 三、实践教学的基本要求 本课程实践学时全部以课堂对话形式进行，无单独实验项目。 四、教学学时分配

五、教学内容 Unit1 教学目的和要求：通过本章节学习，理解课文意思；掌握药品说明书的作用、项目；能够归纳出一些常见的化学基团的英文词缀。 教学重点：常用专业单词，如Pharmaceutical等的用法。 教学难点：文章翻译；常见的化学基团的英文词缀。 主要内容：PartAForeign Investment in Chinese Pharmaceutical Sector；PartB第1节药品名称；PartCChina—from self-sufficiency to World Leadership。 Unit 2 教学目的和要求：通过本章节学习,使学生理解课文意思；掌握常用专业单词，如supervision等的用法；掌握描述药物性状的常见句型；掌握药物性状的常用表达方式。 教学重点：常见的药物性状。 教学难点：常见描述药物性状的单词或短语。 主要内容：PartAFDA: Policeman or Teacher；PartB第2节药物性状；PartC Data Required for Drug Approval。 Unit 3 教学目的和要求：通过本章节学习,使学生掌握英文药品说明书中描写适应症的常见描短语或句型，常用专业单词，如临床药理(Clinical Pharmacology)、药效(Potency)、毒性(Toxicity)等。 教学重点：英文药品说明书中描写适应症的常见描短语或句型。 教学难点：文章翻译。 主要内容：PartA Pharmacological Tablet；PartB第2节药物性状。 Unit 4 教学目的和要求：通过本章节学习,使学生理解课文意思；掌握英文药品说明书中常见描写适应症、禁忌症的短语或句型。 教学重点：英文药品说明书中常见描写适应症、禁忌症的短语或句型。 教学难点：文章翻译。 主要内容：PartA Chemistry and Matter；PartB第4节适应症、第5节禁忌症。 Unit 5 教学目的和要求：通过本章节学习,使学生掌握英文药品说明书中描写用法用量及不良反应的常见短语或句型。常用专业单词，如常用表示剂量的术语平均剂量（average dose）、常用的剂量单位表示法、每次给药次数的表示方法：每隔…小时（every …hours）、每日三次（three times a day /daily)等。 教学重点：英文药品说明书中描写用法用量及不良反应的常见短语或句型。

药学英语第五版原文翻译 (2)(2020年7月整理).pdf

Introduction to Physiology Introduction Physiology is the study of the functions of living matter. It is concerned with how an organism performs its varied activities: how it feeds, how it moves, how it adapts to changing circumstances, how it spawns new generations. The subject is vast and embraces the whole of life. The success of physiology in explaining how organisms perform their daily tasks is based on the notion that they are intricate and exquisite machines whose operation is governed by the laws of physics and chemistry. Although some processes are similar across the whole spectrum of biology—the replication of the genetic code for or example—many are specific to particular groups of organisms. For this reason it is necessary to divide the subject into various parts such as bacterial physiology, plant physiology, and animal physiology. To study how an animal works it is first necessary to know how it is built. A full appreciation of the physiology of an organism must therefore be based on a sound knowledge of its anatomy. Experiments can then be carried out to establish how particular parts perform their functions. Although there have been many important physiological investigations on human volunteers, the need for precise control over the experimental conditions has meant that much of our present physiological knowledge has been derived from studies on other animals such as frogs, rabbits, cats, and dogs. When it is clear that a specific physiological process has a common basis in a wide variety of animal species, it is reasonable to assume that the same principles will apply to humans. The knowledge gained from this approach has given us a great insight into human physiology and endowed us with a solid foundation for the effective treatment of many diseases. The building blocks of the body are the cells, which are grouped together to form tissues. The principal types of tissue are epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular, each with its own characteristics. Many connective tissues have relatively few cells but have an extensive extracellular matrix. In contrast, smooth muscle consists of densely packed layers of muscle cells linked together via specific cell junctions. Organs such as the brain, the heart, the lungs, the intestines, and the liver are formed by the aggregation of different kinds of tissues. The organs are themselves parts of distinct physiological systems. The heart and blood vessels form the cardiovascular system; the lungs, trachea, and bronchi together with the chest wall and diaphragm form the respiratory system; the skeleton and skeletal muscles form the musculoskeletal system; the brain, spinal cord, autonomic nerves and ganglia, and peripheral somatic nerves form the nervous system, and so on. Cells differ widely in form and function but they all have certain 生理学简介 介绍 生理学是研究生物体功能的科学。它研究生物体如何进行各种活动，如何饮食，如何运动，如何适应不断改变的环境，如何繁殖后代。这门学科包罗万象，涵盖了生物体整个生命过程。生理学成功地解释了生物体如何进行日常活动，基于的观点是生物体好比是结构复杂而灵巧的机器，其操作受物理和化学规律控制。 尽管从生物学整个范畴看，生物体某些活动过程是相似的——如基因编码的复制——但许多过程还是某些生物体群组特有的。鉴于此有必要将这门学科分成不同部分研究，如细菌生理学、植物生理学和动物生理学。 要研究一种动物如何活动，首先需要了解它的构成。要充分了解一个生物体的生理学活动就必须掌握全面的解剖学知识。一个生物体的各部分起着什么作用可通过实验观察得知。尽管我们对志愿者进行了许多重要的生理调查，但是实验条件需要精确控制，所以我们当前大多生理知识还是源于对其它动物如青蛙，兔子，猫和狗等的研究。当我们明确大多数动物物种的特定生理过程存在共同之处时，相同的生理原理适用于人类也是合理的。通过这种方法，我们获得了大量的知识，从而让我们对人类生理学有了更深入的了解，为我们有效治疗许多疾病提供了一个坚实的基础。 机体的基本组成物质是细胞，细胞结合在一起形成组织。组织的基本类型有上皮组织，结缔组织，神经组织和肌组织，每类组织都有各自的特征。许多结缔组织中细胞量相对较少，但是有大量的细胞外基质。相比而言，光滑的肌组织由大量密密麻麻的肌细胞通过特定的细胞连接组成。各种器官如脑，心脏，肺，小肠和肝等由不同种类的组织聚集而成。这些器官是不同生理系统的组成部分。心脏和血管组成心血管系统；肺，器官，支气管，胸壁和膈肌组成呼吸系统；骨骼和骨骼肌组成骨骼肌系统；大脑，脊髓，自主神经和神经中枢以及

药学专业英语词汇

专业英语词汇词素（词根） 1. haplo,mono,uni ：单，一，独haploid 单倍体monoxide一氧化碳monoatomic 单原子的 2. bi,di,dipl,twi,du :：二，双，两，偶biocolor 双色,dichromatic 双色的,diplobacillus 双杆菌dikaryon 双核体 twin ：孪生dual 双重的 3. tri :三，丙triangle三角triacylglycerol三酰甘油tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环 4. quadri,quadru,quart,tetr,tetra：四quadrilateral四边的quadrivalent四价的quadruped四足动物tetrode四极管tetracycline四环素 5. pent,penta,quique五pentose戊糖pentagon五角形pentane戊烷quintuple 五倍的pentose戊糖pentomer五邻粒 6. hex,hexa,sex 六hexose已糖hexapod六足动物hexapoda昆虫纲hexamer六聚体 7. hepta,sept 七heptane 庚烷heptose 庚糖heptoglobin七珠蛋白 8. oct八octpus 章鱼octagon八角形octane 辛烷octase 辛糖 9. enne,nona九nonapeptide 九肽enneahedron 九面体 10. deca,deka 十:decapod 十足目动物decahedron 十面体decagram 十克 11. hecto, 百hectometer百米hectoliter百升hectowatt 百瓦 12. kilo,千kilodalton (KD) 千道尔顿kilobase 千碱基kiloelectron volt 千电子伏特 13. deci,十分之一，分decimeter 分米decigram 十分之一克 14. centi,百分之一 15. milli,千分之一，毫millimole 毫摩（尔）milliliter 毫升 16. micro,百万分之一，微，微小，微量microgram微克microogranism微生物microecology微生态学micropipet微量移液器 17. nano十亿分之一，毫微，纳nanosecond十亿分之一秒nanometer纳米 18. demi,hemi,semi半demibariel 半桶hemicerebrum 大脑半球semiopaque半透明semi-allel半等位基因semi-conductor半导体 19. holo 全，整体，完全holoenzyme 全酶holoprotein全蛋白holocrine全（质分）泌 20. mega巨大，兆，百万megaspore大孢子，megabasse兆碱基megakaryocyte 巨核细胞megavolt兆伏megalopolitan特大城市 21. macro 大，巨大，多macrophage巨噬细胞macrogamete大配子macroelement 常量元素macromolecular大分子 22. poly,multi,mult 多，复合polyacrylate聚丙烯酸酯polymerase 聚合酶multichain 多链的multinucleate 多核的multicistronic mRNA多顺反子mRNA multicopy多拷贝1 chrom颜色 chromophore生色团chromosome染色体chromatography色谱法 2 melan,melano,nigr 黑 melanoma黑素瘤melanin黑色素melanophore黑色素细胞 3 xantho,flavo,fla,flavi,lute黄 xanthophyl叶黄素xanthous黄色的，黄色人种xathine黄嘌呤flavin黄素flavone黄酮letein黄体素，叶黄素flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸 4 erythro, rub, rubrm, ruf,红 erythrocyte红细胞erythromycin红霉素erythropoitin(EPO)促红细胞生成素 5 chloro,chlor绿，氯

2012药学英语翻译

Unit 1 Green pharmacy-herbal medicine 1) Plant kingdom once was mere pharmacy of the human race, but now when you get into the modern pharmacy, plant-derived drugs have been hardly found. 2) Although today the number of plant-based drugs has been decreased, the effective chemicals in many tables, capsule and bottle-contained drugs are originated from plant kingdom. 3) Among chemical substances contained in plants, some must be toxic, but some must be drugs available to us. 4) During the millions of years since man came to the earth, he has been doing experiments on a variety of plants about him. 5) There exist mistrust, suspicion and hostility between the orthodox medicine and herbal practitioners for many years, which are threatening the possibility of establishing good working relationship. 6) When we think of the effectiveness of quinine, the great contributions made by herbal medicine to medical science are quite evident. 7) However, in the past few decades, the number of newly-introduced drugs has obviously decreased. 8) The medical legacy of our motherland is an inexhaustible new-drug treasure, which remains us to tap with new methods. 9) If pharmacological method had not been introduced to the study of vinca rosea, the discovery of vincaleukoblastine would have been postponed by many years. 10) Western medicine hardly believes that someone who knows nothing of a disease mechanism could be capable of curing it. Unit 2 How does human body fight disease? People tend to believe that antibiotics were invented by human being, but in fact, they are purely natural products. Since Alexander Fleming, a British biologist discovered anti-microbial substance released by the Penicillium fungi in 1928, it has been learned that this substance can produce powerful antibiotic effect. In fact, antibiotics, are exactly manufactured by organisms, namely, bacteria and fungi, which people aim to destroy. After Fleming’s discovery of penicillin, Selma Walksman in 1943 isolated Streptomycin from a soil bacterium, Streptomycus griseus. Scientists have not made it clear completely why organisms can produce antibiotics. This question has become the topic for discussion. Why antibiotics are useful in medicine is that they can not only kill microbes, but also not kill the body cells as they do to the microbes, body cells are entirely different from those of bacteria cells, so that they can avoid being destroyed at the same time. Thus, antibiotics are called “magic bullet”because they may be particularly used to aim at certain microbes. This feature of antibiotics also makes them essentially different from anti-microbial agents: the latter tends to have poison to a majority of cells, whether the cells of bacteria or the body cells. Unit 3 Drug dependence Studies indicate that drug dependencies both a health problem and a social concern. The drug dependence affects not only individual’s health but also the public health at the same time. The drug use has obviously and severely negative effects on the human brain and physical health. But drug abuse and addiction have huge and potential threat, because whether the drug is used directly