(完整版)杭州学军中学高二英语新题型概要写作(summary).doc

杭州学军中学高二英语新题型写作summary-----1

I ：What is a summary?

A summary is a brief restatement of the essential thought of a longer composition. It reproduces the theme of the original with as few words as possible.

II： Tips on summary

writing While reading

1. Is the passage anarration, exposition, argumentation or a description?

2.Are there any topic sentences or key words? If so, underline them and paraphrase them.

While writing

1. Structure

1) Topic sentences 2) Main supporting points/evidence 3) About 60 words

2. Language

1) To use your own words*

2) To be concise (leave out the details; reduce the examples; simplify the descriptions; eliminate all repetitions. )

3) To present the information fairly, do not give your own comments

4)To use the third person to retell

5)Tenses (narration often in the past tense)

文体类型一：议论文

议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论，因此写议论文的概要主要是找出主题句（the topic sentences)、支撑句（supporting sentences）和结论句（ conclusion sentences)。其中最主要的是找准主题句。

概要模板：论点＋论据（＋结论）

Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was, thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the

king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.

Though the belief in the merit( 好处 ) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?

Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first time parents nervously try to warn their children

off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家 ), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system(免疫系统 ). And the latter position is gaining some ground. (302 words)

Showering Helps Brain

TAKING a shower is relaxing. You can hum a song, daydream or think about nothing, leaving the real world

behind you. But did you know that showering can also benefit your mind?

A piece of research by Scott Barry Kaufman, a psychologist from Yale University in the US interviewed over

3,000 people around the world. It turned out that nearly two-thirds of the interviewees said they had experienced

new ideas in the shower and were more likely to have them in the shower than at work.

So why does a simple shower have such magic power? Science can explain it.

Showering can help to raise our level of dopamine ( 多巴胺 ), a hormone ( 荷尔蒙 ) closely related to our

creativity.“ Peoplein varyterms of their level of creativity according to the activity of dopamine” , explain Alice Flaherty, a renowned American neuroscientist ( 神经系统科学家 ).“ Taking a warm shower can make us feel

relaxed and therefore make the dopamine level rise and bring the‘ Aha!’ moment to us.”

Besides the chemical changes, showering may give you a break from what you feel you have been stuck with.

Especially when you have thought hard all day about a problem, jumping into the shower can keep you from the

outside world so that you can focus on your inner feelings and memories. In this way, according to American

psychologist Shelley H. Carson, author of Your Creative Brain,“ a showering hour may turn into an

(孵化 ) period’ for your ideas”.

Compared with sitting in front of a computer, taking a shower is something we do less frequently in our daily

lives. When showering, we get a fresh experience with the change of location, temperature and humidity.

and unexpected experiences can lead to positive changes in thinking, aufman. ““explainedGettingoffKthe couch

and jumping in the shower may create a distance and force you to think from a new point of view

Showering allows us to enjoy the creative juices of our minds, which makes the bathroom an

alternative where you get your inspiration. So next time you consider ways to free your mind, count it in.

A brief outline:

Para 1-2：

Para 3：Para 7: Para 4 Para 5 Para 6

Summary ：（ 40---80 words ） (不得使用原句) （不得发表自己观点）

第二节：概要写作：25 分(先做选择，再概要写作（40---80 词）（不分段）（不得抄写原句）

In the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing

mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times

faster than traditional garbage as a whole.

Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic

goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration ( 含量 ) of gold and other

precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.

Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed,

the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to

escape into the environment.

Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in

the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to

make the box and packaging(包装 ) it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes th at most waste is dangerous in that“ the production, distribution, and use of products — as well as management of the resulting waste — all result in greenhouse gas release. Individuals” can reduce their

contribution by creating less waste at the start — for instance , buying reusable products and recycling.

In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive

(动机 ) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce

the packaging in the first place ？

Governments ’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money.

Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap ( 气泡垫 ) that encased your television From the governments’ point of view,a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the

costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.

58. By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that _________ .

A. the weight of e-goods is rather small

B. E-waste deserves to be made good use of

C. natural minerals contain more precious metals

D. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste

59. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended _________ .

A. from producers to governments

B. from governments to producers

C. from individuals to distributors

D. from distributors to governments

60.What does the passage mainly talk about

A. The increase in e-waste.

B. The creation of e-waste.

C. The seriousness of e-waste.

D. The management of e-waste.

杭州学军中学高二英语新题型写作summary 练习一：

People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.

江苏省启东中学-第一学期高三英语期中考试卷

江苏省启东中学2007-2008学年第一学期高三期中试卷 英语2007. 11 第I卷(共85分) 第一部分听力（共两节，每小题1分，满分20分）： 第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. How does the man feel about going to school by bike? A. Happy. B. Tired. C. Worried. 2. When can the woman get the computers? A. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday. 3. What does the woman think of the shirt for the party? A. The size is not large enough. B. The material is not good. C. The color is not suitable. 4. How much will the man pay for the tickets? A. 7.5 pounds. B. 15 pounds. C. 50 pounds. 5. Which is the right gate for the man’s flight? A. Gate 16. B. Gate 22. C. Gate 25. 第二节（共15小题；每题1分，满分15分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What can we learn about Mr. Brown? A. He is in his office. B. He is at a meeting. C. He is out for a meal. 7. What will the man probably do next? A. Call back. B. Come again. C. Leave a message. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What kind of room does the man want to take? A. A single room. B. A double room. C. A room for three. 9. What does the man need to put in the form? A. Telephone and student card numbers. B. Student card number and address. C. Address and telephone number. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Fellow clerks （职员）. B. Boss and secretary. C. Customer and salesperson. 11. What does the man like about his job? A. Living close to the office. B. Chances to go abroad. C. Nice people to work with.

2018-2019学年上海中学高三上英语期中英语试卷

II.Grammar and Vocabulary Section B Recently,I flew to Las Vegas to attend a meeting.As we were about to arrive,the pilot announced with apology that there would be a slight delay before setting down.High desert winds had forced the airport to close all but one runway.He said that we would be circling the city for a few minutes waiting to land.We were also told to remain in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts(21)________(fasten) because there might be a few bumps.Well,that few minutes turned into about forty-five minutes, including a ride that would make a roller coaster(22)________(pale)by comparison. The movement was so sudden(23)________several passengers felt sick and had to use airsickness bags.(24)________you might guess,that’s not good thing to happen in a narrow space because it only serves to increase the discomfort of the situation. About twenty minutes into the adventure,the entire airplane became very quiet.There was now a sense of anxiety and fear that could be distinctly noticed.Every passenger simply held on for dear life… (25)________one.A baby was having a good time!With each bump of the aircraft,he(26)________let out a giggle of happiness.As I observed this,I realized that he didn’t know he was supposed to be afraid and worried about his safety.He(27)________thought about the past nor about the future.Those are (28)________we grown-ups have learned from experience.He was enjoying the ride because he (29)________(not teach)to fear it.(30)________(understand)this,I took a deep breath and sat back into my seat,pretending I was really on a roller coaster.I smiled for the rest of the flight.I even managed to giggle once or twice,which is much to the chagrin of the man sitting next to me holding the airsickness bag. C Section People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten.If you lived in the Mediterranean,for instance,you would consider octopus a great__31__.You would not be able to understand why some people find it repulsive.On the other hand,your stomach would__32__ at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat---the__33__accepted practice in many northern countries.The sad truth is that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and we__34__to them all our lives. No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail.Cooked in wine, snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world.There are countless people who,ever since their early years,have learned to__35__snails with food.My friend,Robert,lives in a country where snails are despised.As his flat is in a large town,he has no garden of his own.For years he has been asking me to collect snails from my garden and take them to him.The idea never appealed to me very much,but one day,after a heavy__36__,I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my__37__plants.Acting on a sudden impulse,I collected several dozen,put them in a paper bag,and took them to Robert.Robert was delighted to see me and__38__pleased with my little gift.I left the bag in the hall and Robert and I went into the living room where we talked for a couple of hours.I had forgotten all about the snails when Robert suddenly said that I must stay to dinner. 第1页/共8页

初中英语写作思维导图,掌握住,英语作文想不得满分都难!

初中英语写作思维导图，掌握住，英语作文想不得满分都难！ 一提到写英语作文，很多同学都无从下笔，总是“信手写来”，没有规划。这样做的后果是，作文篇章结构不清晰，内容选择可能会脱离主题，从而影响作文的总体得分。老师为了帮助大家解决这一难题，带来了英语写作思维导图，让你以后作文提笔前胸有成竹，次次稳拿满分！ 一、写作时需考虑哪些方面的因素？ （1）本话题所需要的词块、语块。 （2）本话题的写作模板结构等。 （3）本话题所涉及到的经典名句、谚语等。

二、困惑与对策 困惑1：写什么？ 以《How to learn well?》为题，写一篇作文，那么我们应该如何入手开始写作呢？来看看以下几张思维导图，能够帮你整理好一篇作文的写作框架。

困惑2：如何选材？ 即使知道了写作框架，但在补充框架时又会遇到另一个困惑：如何选材？以下是一些关于写作选材的建议： 1．选定英语思维导图各区域所需的词块和语块。 2．将各区域的词块和语块按段落写成连贯的语篇。 3．对照思维导图自我批改，注意人称、时态语态、句型结构的正确使用。 困惑3：如何表达？ 很多学生在写作时，使用的句式比较单一，因此文章大多雷同，缺乏个性。针对这些问题，我们可以从以下几个方面改进： 1．对相同意思，注意不同句式的表达法，选择更好的句式。 2．短文写作，表达力求精悍、生动、丰富，避免重复用一样的句式。3．特别注意使用承上启下的词语和句子。

三、思维导图在英语作文写作中的应用实例 写作流程： 1. 审题、理清思路：考虑写什么（挑选关键词，搭建作文框架）。 2. 选择词语：根据话题和作文框架选用所需要的语料（词块和语块）。 3. 遣词造句：根据思维导图中的语料，用合适的句型写作。 4. 语篇定稿：根据思维导图修改润色作文——紧扣主题、表达准确，关联自然，语篇流畅。 实例1： 假如你有两位同学——芳芳和明明，参加了上星期二学校组织的英语演讲比赛，他们的不同表现使你深有感触。请你根据下列表各中的内容提示写一篇英语短文。 芳芳明明我 1.认为自己英语好，不需要努力；花费时间挑选比赛用的漂亮衣服 2.因准备不足，太紧张，而没有完成演讲。1.努力学习，向 别人请教；赛前 两天腿受伤，但 不放弃 2.在比赛中表现 良好 应该 向明 明学 习 参考词汇：英语演讲比赛 English Speech Contest 要求： 1. 词数：80~100个 2. 短文开头已给出，不计入总词数

2020届江苏启东中学高三下学期测试英语试题

2020届江苏启东中学高三下学期测试英语试题 学校_________ 班级__________ 姓名__________ 学号__________ 一、单项选择 1. Our country is accelerating the construction of Xiong'an New District,_______will be a green, low-carbon, open, innovative and highly-competitive city. A．one B．one that C．that D．what 2. People always _______education with exam success, which forces students to keep improving their academic abilities. A．involve B．combine C．equate D．compare 3. We should learn to accept the good with gratitude to God.______，we should also learn to accept the bad without complaint. A．Meanwhile B．However C．Therefore D．Moreover 4. China has accelerated crucial transformations in the role of government, _______the market to play a decisive role. A．to allow B．allowed C．having allowed D．allowing 5. _______relevant departments stressed no plastic covers were used for books, I didn't realize these covers contained harmful chemicals. A．Until B．Unless C．While D．Since 6. Consumers' support and encouragement is a _______ stream of motivation for self-improvement of the company. A．casual B．smooth C．current D．steady 7. What a relief! We would be still waiting anxiously in the classroom _______to bring an umbrella with you. A．should you forget B．had you forgotten C．you should forget D．you had forgotten

杭州学军中学2019年11月高三期中高三数学试卷含答案

杭州学军中学2019学年第一学期期中考试 高三数学试卷 一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的） 1.设全集U =R ，集合2{|1},{|1}M x x P x x =>=>则下列关系中正确的是（ ） A.P M = B.M P M = C.M P M = D.()U C M P =? 2.设纯虚数z 满足 11i ai z -=+（其中i 为虚数单位） ，则实数a 等于（ ） A.1 B.－1 C.2 D.－2 3.若,x y 满足约束条件03020x x y x y ≥?? +-≥??-≤? ，则2z x y =+的取值范围是（ ） A.[]6,0 B.[]0,4 C.[)6,+∞ D.[)4,+∞ 4.已知,a b R ∈，下列四个条件中，使a b >成立的充分不必要的条件是（ ） A.1a b >- B.1a b >+ C.a b > D.22a b > 5.函数2ln x x y x = 的图象大致是（ ） A B C D 6.已知函数1()0 x D x x ?=? ?为有理数为无理数 ，则（ ） A.(())1D D x =,0是()D x 的一个周期 B.(())1D D x =,1是()D x 的一个周期 C.(())0D D x =,1是()D x 的一个周期 D.(())0D D x =,()D x 最小正周期不存在 7.若关于x 的不等式2 2 2213x t x t t t +-+++-<无解，则实数t 的取值范围是（ ）

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A．通知上写着：“因内部消防整改，本月17日起停止营业，请舞客相互转告并请谅解。”抬头是杭州丰乐歌舞厅。 B．根据日本政府的有关规定，虽然是日本人，登陆钓鱼岛也必须获得政府许可，否则会被处以重罚。 C．进入大学之后，我参加了好几个组织，平时活动多，精力比较分散，一直担心考试不及格，果不其然，这次真的没过关。 D．自古以来我们不乏清醒的画者，他们在桑间濮上的变换和时代的更迭之中，坚持着自我的审美。 4．下列各句中，没有语病的一项是 A．对城市道路中驾驶员是否使用安全带，一般来说，第一次以教育为主，再犯者处以50元罚款。 B．作为十八大代表中唯一的农民专业合作社社长，她更关注农业现代化建设，她的议题主要在白茶产业的多元化发展。 C．空军第一批歼击机女飞行员日前驾驶我国自主研发的歼—10战机顺利完成单飞，具备了独立驾驭第三代战机翱翔蓝天的能力。 D．董历丽随即向重庆市渝北区人民法院提起诉讼，要求银行返还卡里被盗刷存款并支付利息。 5．在下面语段的横线上补写一个句子，使文段的意思完整、明白。（3分） “你工作多久挣的钱，才够买一个麦当劳的‘巨无霸’？”要是猛然被这样提问，多数人可能都会打个愣，因为对这个问题人们通常更习惯另一种算法，即“我一个月的工资，够买几个‘巨无霸’？”这两个问题看上去是一回事，在统计学意义上却有明显的差别。前者是以商品来考察劳动力的价值，后者则是。 6．使用下面的词语写一段描写性文字，至少运用两种修辞方法。（不超过70字）（4分） 火焰初春色彩枯枝 口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口口 7．阅读下面材料，完成文后两题。（5分）