中西跨文化交际课程情景案例分析
Unit 1 Language and Culture in Communication
Theory Communication is something we do every day. It takes place so naturally that we simply fail to notice it until it hiccups or breaks down. Though it is commonplace, it is no exaggeration to say that communication is life and life is communication.
1.When you join a social gathering, you must be aware of rules and procedures that govern the way things are going to proceed. There is a technical term for such rules and procedures—schema.
2. Face and politeness are two other areas which are extremely value—sensitive. One of the distinctive features of Chinese politeness is self—denigration and other—elevation.
Case 1: Litz is a professor of cross—cultural communication in a university in Finland. She invited her Chinese students home for an evening party.
The schema from Litz?s point of view includes the following:
1. Giving invitation: by phone / by mail
2. Prepare everything before the arrival of guests
3. Receiving guests: open the door / express welcome / take their overcoats / introduce guests / offer them drinks / make
them comfortable
4. Serving food: set the table / soup first / main course / desert
5. Post dinner activities: chat / play music / offer more drinks
6. Seeing guests off: thank them for coming / good night Litz?s evening party was not very successful, b ecause s he was upset by one of her guests. Here was the initial conversation between Litz and Lin:
Litz: (opens the door) Oh, Lin, how nice you could come!
Lin: It?s not difficult to find your house.
Litz: Come on in.
Lin: (comes in)
Litz: Can I take your coat?
Lin: No, thanks.
Litz: Ok, this way please.
Lin: (take off her coat and hangs it)
Analysis: Litz was hurt because Lin did not let her hang her coat. Litz?s offering to hang Lin?s coat is one of Litz?s ways (it?s on Litz?s schema). On Lin?s side, she thought that Litz was her supervisor and that it was inappropriate to let her supervisor hang her coat. Here we have an instance of one action attached
with different cultural values.
Case 2:
Finding an Interested Buyer
Georage Hall was in Beijing attending a trade fair and looking
for an opportunity to do business i n China. He had been very successful in his business dealings in the US and prided himself
His first day was going on his ability “to get things moving.”
well .He looked around at the displays of sporting equipment to get some idea of whom he might approach. He was sure that his products, tennis rackets with an unusual new design, would arouse some interests. On the second day he approached the company which he felt would be most responsive to his products. He introduced himself to the general, a Mr. Li. Since he had read that Chinese find getting down to business immediately too abrupt and rude, he began a casual conversation, eventually leading up to the topic of his products and suggesting how Mr. Li?s company might benefit from using them. George then suggested that he could arrange to get together with Mr. Li and provide more specifics and documentation on his products.
That would be Mr. Li responded in fairly good English,” interesting.”
Knowing that he had only a few days left in Beijing, George
When can we meet?” a sked
wanted to nail down a time,”
George.
“Ah. This week is very busy,” replied Mr. Li.
How about 10 o?clock?
“It sure is,”
said George,”
Meet you here.”
“Tomorrow at 10 o?clock?” a sked Mr. Li thoughtfully.
“Right,” said George, “I?ll see you then?”
“Hmm, yes; why don?t you come by tomorrow,” was
the reply.
“OK,” responded George,” It was nice meeting you.”The next day at 10 o?clock h e approached Mr. Li?s company?s
exhibit only to find that Mr. Li had some important business and
was not able to meet with George. He called back later in the day
and was told that Mr. Li was not available.
Analysis: 英美人士做事情讲究守时。而中国人不太重视这方面。
本案列中，李先生不仅没有准时接见预约的客户，甚至放了他“鸽
子”。
Case3: Professor Liang has written a book on Chinese culture in
Chinese. His book is put on display in Beijing International
Book Fair? 96. Professor Liang would like to have his book translated into English and submitted to Thompson Publishers. Professor Liang has asked Li Yan, whom he meets regularly in the English Corner, to help him to talk to Peter Allright, a Thompson representative.
Prof. Liang:奥莱特先生，这是鄙人的拙作。
Li Tan: Mr. Allright, this a clumsy book written by your humble servant.
Mr Allright: No, no, no, you're not my humble servant. We do not publish books in Chinese.
Li Yan (to Professor Liang): 不，不，不，你不是我的仆人，我
们不出中文书。
Professor Liang: 我要请李艳翻译成英文。
Li Yan (to Mr. Allright): Professor Liang will ask me to translate it into English.
Mr. Allright: Mm that?s interesting.
Analysis: Chinese authors almost always belittle their works by describing them as clumsy writings, and they use the same description when they present them to Chinese publishers. But this will be counter—productive in English. Instead, authors should point out the merits of their works rather than “clumsiness”．
Unit 2 Culture Shock
Theory: 1. Culture shock can be described as the feeling of confusion and disorientation that one experiences when faced with a large number of new and unfamiliar people and situations.
2. There is a desire for independence and separateness, found in foreigners' needs for their own privacy and autonomy
3. Hospitality means the cordial and generous reception of or disposition toward guests.
4. Politeness refers to the consideration for others, tact, and observance of accepted social usage.
5. Privacy could be understood as the right of an individual to self-determination as to the degree to which the individual is willing to share with others information about himself.
Case 1: Jane, an American teacher in the US, had just started teaching English to a group of Japanese students. She wanted to get to know the students more formally, so she invited them to her house for party. The students all arrived together at exactly 8:00 p.m. They seemed to enjoy the party: they danced, sang,
and ate most of the food. At about 10:00 p.m, one of the students
said to the teacher, “I think it?s time for me to leave. Thank you very much for the party.” Then all the other students got up to go, and all left at the same time. Jane decided she would never
invite them again!
Analysis: 在日本以及其他很多的亚洲国家里，年轻人通常成群
结队的一起去参加一些社交聚会，然后一道离去。在他们看来这
是很正常不过的事。然后Jane认为这是一种侮辱，因为他们在
同一时间里一下子全部离开了。在美国以及其他一些英语国家，
晚上10点离开一个聚会相对来说是比较早的。
Case 2:
Four Secretaries and Their Jobs
Four classmates from a top Chinese university all took jobs as secretaries after graduation. Five years later the four former classmates had a reunion and discussed their jobs.
Chen Qi and Dai Yun both work as bilingual secretaries for a Finnish company in Beijing. Chen Qi is secretary to the Finn general manger, and Dai Yun is secretary to the Chinese local manger, a position only slightly lower than that of the Finn manger.
Zhang Ying is from a politically prominent family and was
hired as the secretary to the leader of a small government bureau in the capital city of her home province. Lu Yan works
for a state run enterprise in the same city where she was hired as the secretary to the new manager for international marketing. The company has never marketed its products abroad before so this office and Lu Yan?s position are new to the company.
Five years later Chen Qi is satisfied with her job with the Finnish company but Dai Yun is not. The Finn manager receives orders from the company?s home office in Finland, and he gives orders to those below him in China, including his secretary Chen Qi. He tells her how he wants his time scheduled a nd she then makes appointments for him according to his instructions. She translates memos and other documents and interprets from Chinese to English to Chinese. If the manager does not think Chen Qi has done her work well, he tells her right away. He is
very demanding, but Chen Qi feels that she knows what her duties are and knows what her manager expects. She is confident that she is doing a good job.
Dai Yun often does not have as much work to do as Chen Qi does, because her boss schedules his own appointments and does a lot of the office paperwork himself. When he is out of town she has time to study for the graduate entrance exam. However, she
is not sure whether or not she is doing a good job. Her manager
tells her what she is expected to do, but he does this day by day.
When people call or come to the office to see her boss, she greets
them in English or Chinese as necessary. She receives their
memos and other messages a s well as their questions and
requests and passes them on to her manager. Dai Yun thinks of
her job as doing what her manager wants her to do. She pays
close attention to his moods and behavior, and sometimes she is
able to anticipate what he would like without him telling her.
Analysis：许多中国人在外企工作，不同国家的外企领导有不同
的工作作风和标准。本案列中，戴云给不同的外国上司做秘书，
在工作中出现由于不同的文化冲突而引起的各种工作以及沟通
中的问题就很常见了。
Case 3: One cold winter day in a Chinese city, Wang Lin on his
way to the library met an American professor who knew very
little about China. After greeting him, Wang said: “It?s rather
cold. You?d better put on more clothes.” But the professor didn?t appear happy on hearing this.
Analysis: 美国人以及大部分西方国家的人们不喜欢被告知要怎
么做怎么做，他们比较喜欢独立，然而中国人则习惯关心别人，
这个案例中王林的建议表达的就是一种对他人的关心，可是美国
教授却不习惯这样的表达。
Case 4: In a good restaurant, fourteen people are gathered to say goodbye to their professor, who is moving to another university. Steven: May I have your attention please? I?d like to call upon Ben to say a few words.
Ben: Thank you, Steven. Professor Shore, colleagues: Tonight is one of those paradoxes --- i t?s a sad time and yet it?s a ha ppy time. Sad, because.
We are losing one of our best professors; happy because we are pleased to see Professor Shore
gain the recognition that he richly deserves.I?m n ot sure who will be able to control us and keep us
in line. I think the new professor will have a difficult time. And surely no one will be able to tell
jokes in the same way as you, Professor. Seriously, we all know that you will be difficult to
replace. Your scholarly approach and your dedication will always be remembered. I would
therefore like to propose a toast. Colleagues, pelase charge your glasses. Professor Shore, may
your future be filled will great success, a nd may you always
remember us. We know we will never
forget you.
To Professor Shore!
All: (Standing up) To Professor Shore! (Everyone drinks. Professor Shore remains seated and
smiles at them all.)
Analysis：就餐时总是要在各种缘由下向人敬酒：可以是非正式
的，向朋友或同事敬酒；也可以是正式的，向全体聚会的人敬酒。与中国式的敬酒大不相同的是，在西方正式的敬酒时，受敬的人是不能喝酒的，而是正襟危坐，两眼睁睁看别人喝酒。另一个不同是：无论正式还是非正式，敬酒的人不必走过去敬酒，而是在自己的座位处站起来敬酒。敬酒时开始的语言永远是：“向…”，而其他随敬酒的人重复敬酒人的第一句话（即“向…”），然后喝一口酒。敬酒时如果举了杯，说了敬词，而实际上没有喝酒，
就会被看做十分不恭的行为，在很久以前甚至于被认为是一种侮辱，是不想加入敬酒的仪式。
Case 5: An American went to Chinese home. He was offered some tea. Just when the first cup was about to finish, more tea was added. The visitor drank the second cup. Then the cup was filled the third time. Then he drank it, then… until the visitor was quite full. Why?
Analysis: 在中国的传统文化习俗里，主人通常会不断给客人倒
水倒茶，或者不断地给客人的盘子里加食物以表示他的热情好
客。面对的这样的情况，中国客人知道如何处理，在他们觉得吃饱喝足之后，就会随它放在桌上。而美国客人就不懂了，在美国，在自己的盘子里剩下食物是不礼貌的，于是他出于遵循美国文化
理念可能会在这样的招待中吃的过多。
Case 6:
Dinner with Friend
Janice is a young American engineer working for a manufacturing joint venture near Nanjing. She and her husband George, who is teaching English at a university, are learning Chinese and enjoying their new life .They have been eager to get to know Chinese people better so they were pleased when Liu Lingling , Janice?s y oung co-worker invited them to her home for dinner.
When Janice and George arrived，Lingling introduced them to her husband Yang Feng , asked them to sit down at a table containing 8 plates of various cold dishes, served them tea and then disappeared with her husband into the kitchen. After a few minutes Lingling came back and added water to their tea. Janice offered to help in the kitchen but Lingli ng said she didn?t need help. She invited the couple to look at their new CD player and
their colorful TV and then disappeared again.
A half-hour later she came back and sat down and the three began to eat. Yang Feng came in from time to time to put dish after hot dish on the table. Most of the food was wonderful but neither George nor Janice could eat the fatty pork in pepper sauce or the ea cucumbers, and there was much more than they could eat. They kept wishing Yang Feng would sit down so they could talk to him .Finally he did sit down to eat a bit ,but quickly turned on the TV to show them all its high teching features. Soon it was time to go home.
George and Janice felt slightly depressed by this experience, but returned the invitation two weeks later. They decided to make a nice American meal and felt lucky to find olives, tomato juice, crackers and as appetizers. For the main course they prepared spaghetti and a salad with dressing made from oil, vinegar, and some spices they found in the market.
When Liu Lingling and Yang Feng arrived they were impressed by the apartment and asked the price of the TV, video player, vacuum cleaner and other things. Janice politely refused to answer their questions. They took small tastes of the appetizers and seemed s urprised when both George and Janice sat down with them. They ate only a little spaghetti and did not finish the
salad on their plates. George urged them to eat more but they refused and looked around expectantly. Junice and George talked about their families and jobs and asked the table and served coffee and pastries. Yang Feng and Lingling each put four spoons of sugars into their coffee but did not drink much of it and ate only a bite or two of pastry.
After they left, George said that at least they had a chance to talk, but Janice was upset. “We l eft their place so full that we couldn?t walk and they?re going to have to eat again when they get home. What went wrong?
Analysis：中西方饮食习惯大大的不同。中国人邀请客人会准备
一大桌子的菜，并在就餐过程中使劲劝说客人多吃点，吃完之后，还有剩菜，就表明主人的盛情款待。而西方人一不劝吃，二就餐完毕后，盘子最好是空的。本案列中的两对中外夫妇不明这个文
化差异，发生误解就是自然而然的事了。
Case 7: After the meal and after the table has been cleared. Liu
is not sure what to do, but wants to help in some way. At least he wants to offer.
Helen: Thanks for your help, Huang.
Liu: Pleasure. What can I do now?
Helen: Nothing. It?s fine. I?ll rinse these dishes then stack them.
It?ll only take a minute.
Liu: Does the family usually help?
Helen: Well, at special times. Jack sometimes r inses the dishes but you can see he?s really tired tonight.
Liu: Let me do it for you.
Helen: No truly, it?s okay.
Liu: Maybe I can wipe the table then.
Helen: That would be helpful. Thanks. You?re really kind, Huang.
Analysis：在西方人家中的就餐的时间里，大家都设法插手帮一
下忙，即便是男士也不例外，不要一点不动着开饭。所有家住者要能帮者摆摆餐具，或餐后收拾洗碗，把餐具放进洗碗机，倒垃圾，站在一边帮着擦干洗好的餐具。虽然都是小忙，却表明你对别人的操劳非常在意，是个用心的人。
Case 8: Two strangers have been chatting.
A: So you?re been here for a year?
B: Yes. One more year to go, then I?ll go back to ch i na.
A: What will you do back home?
B: It?s hard to know. There?s a lot change at the moment.
A: Yeah. Everything is changing, everywhere. Sometimes it?s difficult to keep up.
B: That?s true. Maybe I?ll…
(A?s mobile phone rings.)
A: Excuse me, I?d better answer this. It?s probably work.
B: Sure. Take your time.
Analysis：有时在与人交谈中，难免要有什么原因要离开一会儿，或是去接一个电话，或要去洗手间。礼貌再此被提出来。出于礼貌起见，要记住做一些恰当解释再离开。不管理由是什么，即便是要接一个手机电话，在打开电话回话前，向对方说声对不起。
如果只离开几分钟，没有必要找一个理由。你说了对不起，就表明你确实是有事要离开一会儿。
Case 9: Liu Huang is calling his friend Steven at his home. Person: Hello. John is speaking.
Liu: Hello? I?m looking for Steven.
Person: Sorry, there?s no one here called Steven.
Liu: Is that 6577 8868?
Person: No. I think you?ve got the wrong number. This is 6578 8868.
Liu: Oh, I?m sorry.
Person: No problem. Good luck.
Liu: Thanks.
Analysis：失手拨错号码是常有的事。如果在国外，即便有语言
障碍，害怕说英语，也还是要先与对方核对是不是拨错了，然后
再道歉。如果发现拨错了号码就马上挂电话，是不礼貌的行为。
Case 10: Lin: Thank you so much for a wonderful night. I?ve had a great time.
Erica: It?s been a pleasure having you. We hope you can come again, soon.
Lin: I?d like that. You both know how to make me feel at home. Thanks for everything.
Analysis：在动身离去的时候，找到主人，当面说一声谢谢，是
有礼貌的行为。
Case 11:
Off to a Bad Start
David Hu had just started working for the foreign owned company. He was sitting at his workstation but had not been given any assignment that he should be doing at this moment. He was relaxing and waiting and then thought he would take the opportunity to have a look around. He poked his head into several offices just to see what there was to be seen.
Suddenly Mr. Parker came up to him and angrily asked him what he was doing. David Hu was embarrassed. He laughed and
quickly started to move back toward his workstation. This did not seem to satisfy Mr. Parker who started to talk rapidly and angrily. Hoping to calm him down, Mr.Hu smiled and apologized, trying to explain that he was trying to learn more about the department. However, Mr. Parker got even angrier. Finally, another worker came by and calmed him down, but Mr. Parker left, he still looked angry. Mr.Hu sighed; he knew he had made a bad start but still didn?t understand why.
Analysis：外国人很讲究隐私权，一般不允许自己的私人空间受
到打扰。而中国人比较喜欢看热闹，想知道别人在做什么。所以在本案列中，吴先生未经允许就在公司四处走动，引起其他员工
的强烈不满。
Case 12:
Sharing the Wealth
Anna Bilow had been working for a Chinese-owned and operated company in Nanjing for about six months. The division she was working in had a small collection of Chinese-English dictionaries, English language reference books, and some videos in English including a couple of training films and several feature films that Anna had brought at her new employer?s request when she came from Europe. Anna knew that some of
the other sections had similar collections. She had sometimes used her friendship with one of the women in another department, Gu Ming, to borrow English novels and reference books and in turn had let Gu Ming borrow books from her secti o n?s c ollection. On other occasions, s he had seen friendly, noisy exchanges, where one of the other workers in her division had lent a book or video to a colleague from another section. Anna thought it was a great idea when a memo was circulated saying that the company?s leaders had decided to collect all the English language materials together into a single collection. The plan was to put them in a small room that was currently being used for storage so that all employees could have equal access to them. Now she would no longer have to go from department to department trying to find the materials she needed.
Anna was surprised to hear her co-workers complaining about the new policy. When the young man in charge came to the department to collect their English language materials, she was astounded to see them hiding most of the books and all but one of the videos in their desks. When she checked out the new so-called collection, she found that the few items were all outdated or somehow damaged. She also noticed that none of the materials she had borrowed from Gu Ming were in the collection.
She asked her friend why the Chinese were unwilling to share their English language materials with all their co-workers, when they seemed willing to share them within their departments. Analysis: 西方人对隐私方面有许多禁忌，中国人对自我隐私的
保护也十分注重，但是两者之间存在较大差别。西方人乐于将自
己的书籍和整理的资料拿出来让朋友和同事共享，而在中国，即便是朋友间，人们也不愿意与人共享自己的书籍和资料。由于这种资料共享的观念不同，案例中Anna才会难以理解顾明等同事
将自己的资料，书籍藏起来的做法。
Unit 3 What?s in a Name?
Theory: 1. Chinese and British people call each other with titles in different ways.
2. Kin terms are used in family members, but it differs between westerns and Chinese people.
Case 1: A British tourist is traveling by train in China. Sitting opposite him is a Chinese passenger. They introduce themselves to each other…
British tourist: Hello, I?m Eric Jackson. Glad to meet you. Chinese passenger: Hello, my name is Liu Xin. I?m glad to meet you, too. Where do you come from, Mr. Eric?
跨文化交际案例分析(共7个)
《跨文化交际学概论》第七章社会交往五、宴请招待p132 Case One: Setting Rules for a Guest – American Hospitality 案例： When Zhang Tao traveled in America, he lived in the home of his American friend, Bill. Once after he had traveled back, he found Bill was in a bad mood. When he asked what the problem was, Bill told Zhang Tao that his son Adam got furious about the noise Zhang made when walking upstairs and also because he was using too much water in the solar powered shower and Adam had to have his shower in cold water. Bill told Zhang Tao that he should walk more softly in future, and have a fast shower to save water. Zhang Tao felt uneasy. How could the host set such rules for his guest! Question: Why did Zhang Tao feel uneasy? 分析： 1) In China, when people host someone, they put the guest in the place of honor to show hospitality. They try to take care of the guest，and try to make the guest feel comfortable and at ease. 2) In America, people tend to give the guest great freedom and treat a guest more casually, naturally and truthfully. 3) Zhang Tao knew he was a guest, and thought in terms of Chinese expectations of hospitality. He thought Bill should treat him courteously instead of setting rules for him. 4) Since Zhang Tao lived in American surroundings, he should have known about the customs there sooner. Case Two: 案例： Lin had traveled 20 hours from Beijing to New York. He needed a good meal. His American friend, Mike, met him. But Mike only offered him a plate of roasted chicken and a glass of orange juice. Lin was used to having a main course, and asked Mike if he had any rice. Mike said he only had fried noodles, and Lin had to make do with it. Though Lin knew Americans didn’t care very much about what food they ate, he still felt surprised because he had taken Mike to the most famous duck restaurant in Beijing -- Quanjude -- when he arrived in Beijing. Question: Why did Lin feel surprised? Offer some advice to him about adjusting to his new environment in America.
跨文化交际案例
跨文化交际案例题(1,2) Case Studies Case One Phil is my foreign teacher. He is very nice and friendly to me and he often asks us to have free talk in his apartment. One day, I decided to give Phil a gift to express my appreciation of his help in my oral English. I called him but the line was busy. So I went to Phil’s apartment directly. He opened the door looking surprised, but didn’t let me in. I stood in the corridor and said a few words of thanks, and gave my gift to him and left quietly with great disappointment and puzzlement.. How could he be so cold to me? All my gratitude and fondness of Phil seemed to have gone. .. Case Two I could never forget my experience of an oral exam with our American teacher Mary. After reading the passage I
(完整word版)跨文化交际教学大纲
《跨文化交际》 课程教学大纲 课程名称：英语教学论 课程类别：专业必修课 考核类别：考试 适用对象：本科 适用专业：英语 总学时、学分：36学时2学分 一、课程教学目的 该课程旨在扩大学生的知识面，对西方文化的不同层面有所了解,以提高学生的交际能力。在传统的外语教学中, 人们往往忽视文化的重要作用, 只注重语言能力的培养而未能顾及交际能力的提高。近年来国内学者认识到外语教学必须引进文化知识的对比，训练学生灵活运用语言知识, 更好地与外国人沟通, 减少和避免误解。 1
二、课程教学要求 该课程教学要求学生提高对文化差异的敏感性, 更有效地与外国人进行交际，为英语专业课程的学习和翻译实践能力的提高奠定基础。 三、先修课程 跨文化交际是英语专业的必修课, 是在完成了精读、泛读、综合英语、写作等基本技能训练后开设的，旨在增强文化差异的敏感性，增强跨文化交际意识，有助于英语专业课程的学习和翻译实践能力的提高。因此，学生先期完成英语听说读写等技能训练基本课程，如《基础英语》、《英国文学选读》等课程。 四、课程教学重、难点 该课程教学重点在于培养学生对英语国家文化的 2
了解及跨文化交际意识, 提高驾驭英语语言的能力, 从而使其能得体地运用语言与操英语的外国人士进行交流。教师的讲授重点是帮助学生认识中西文化的异同，分析文化差异的根源, 帮助学生深化对西方文化的理解。中西文化的差异在表层上很容易识别,但对造成差异的原因却需追根溯源。东西方在历史,思维方式以及哲学等方面的差异则是造成中国学生对西方文化不解的主要原因,也是该课程的难点。 五、课程教学方法（或手段） 教学方法：以课堂讲授为主，适当组织课堂讨论，鼓励学生充分利用课外资源进行探索性、研究性学习。 六、课程教学内容 Unit 1 Communication Across Cultures（4学时） 3
跨文化交际案例分析答题技巧
汉硕案例分析答题技巧 最近很多人问关于汉语国际教育考试中的案例分析题该怎样答，我根据自己的粗浅经验，现总结如下： 1.答题思路：按照发现问题-- 分析问题-- 解决问题的思路。具体如下：（1）发现问题：也就是提出问题。在所给的案例中，某个出国教汉语的志愿者教师或来中国教外语的外教等，遇到了什么样的困难。遇到的困难可能是课堂教学时的，比如学生上课都不积极回答问题，不愿意参与老师精心设计的课堂活动，或者问老师一些可能涉及到“隐私”的问题；也可以是这位老师在生活上遇到的问题，比如无法与当地人沟通或交流（语言障碍，文化障碍），无法适应当地人的生活，或不理解当地人做某事时为什么会采取那样的方式，等等。注意：遇到的问题可能是多方面的，要从多角度分析，一般情况下，也不只是一个问题，所以，要按条来答。 （2）分析问题：要求你具体分析一下这位老师或某人遇到这种困难是什么原因引起的，主要是文化方面的原因，可能还涉及到一些他所采用的文化策略等。比如，他由于对对方国家文化不了解，对方国家可能很注重“隐私”，而在我们国家这不被看做是“隐私”。同时要求你分析出我们的母语文化具有什么样的特点，最主要的是和对方国家有什么不一样，哪里不一样，因此造成了他在文化方面的不适应，以至于教学和生活中都出现了问题或遇到了困难。关于他所使用的文化策略，主要就是他自身有没有做到尊重当地的文化，有没有试着去融入这种文化，接受这种文化，还是一味的采取排斥策略，认为自己的一切都好，别人的一切都不好。这就是分析问题了。 （3）解决问题：这是最关键的部分了。怎么解决他遇到的问题或困难？你自己提出个对策就行了，当然，要根据一些你所知道的文化常识和应对策略。比如首先尊重当地文化，多和当地人交流，努力让自己适应当地人的文化和生活方式，做到求同存异，等等。这里需要注意的就是，有些文化的知识是很灵活的，比如中国人的谦虚、中庸的思想等等，都是我们日常生活就知道的，就是稍微总结一下，理顺一下，就能答题了。关于这个，如果时间还来得及，就看一下程裕祯的《中国文化要略》，看一下中国文化的特点等，很多东西是很细致的，自己要稍加总结。如果时间不是很充分了，就把刘珣的《对外汉语教育学引论》上的关于“跨文化交际”的那个章节仔细看一下，我觉得应对这道题应该够用了。 2.答题方法：其实思路清晰了就很好弄了，老师会看你的逻辑分析能力。强烈建议大家一定要分条论述，千万别想到哪说到哪，写出一大片，阅卷老师还得自己去给你找点，这样，老师会很疲劳的，老师最不喜欢的就是这种思维混乱的。所以说，大家答题时我觉得可以按两种方法来写： 第一种：按发现问题---分析问题---解决问题来写，一共三条，然后在每条的下边分几个小点，因为发现的问题肯定不止一个，相应的分析问题和解决问题也会不止一条。 第二种：按一共出现了几个问题分条，第一条，问题1：发现问题--分析问题--解决问题；问题2：发现问题--分析问题--解决问题；问题3--以此类推。 总结一下，以上两种方法都各有利弊，因为有时不同的问题是由同一个原因产生的，或者需要同一种解决策略。所以，大家可以根据自己的喜好来选择其中一种。按以上的问题全部分析完以后，最好再来个综述，大致总结一下，字数不用太多，就是有个小结尾。 最后，要跟大家说的是，字数和字迹的问题。这个案例分析要求是1000字以上
跨文化交际案例
《跨文化交际》案例 Case 1 Litz is a professor of cross—cultural communication in a university in Finland. She invited her Chinese students home for an evening party. The schema from Litz’s point of view includes the following: 1. Giving invitation: by phone / by mail 2. Prepare everything before the arrival of guests 3. Receiving guests: open the door / express welcome / take their overcoats / introduce guests / offer them drinks / make them comfortable 4. Serving food: set the table / soup first / main course / desert 5. Post dinner activities: chat / play music / offer more drinks 6. Seeing guests off: thank them for coming / good night Litz’s evening party was not very successful, because she was upset by one of her guests. Here was the initial conversation between Litz and Lin: Litz: (opens the door) Oh, Lin, how nice you could come! Lin: It’s not difficult to find your house. Litz: Come on in. Lin: (comes in) Litz: Can I take your coat?
第二语言教学跨文化交际案例分析
第二语言教学跨文化交际案例分析 案例分析与写作（共40分） 七、请根据以下材料，按照“发现问题——分析问题——解决问题”的思路，写一篇1500字以上的案例分析，要求观点明确、材料 充实、结构严谨、条理清楚、语言规范、卷面清洁。 材料： 李晓雨是云南大学的一名毕业生，毕业后通过汉办的志愿者选拔，被派往泰国，成为一名汉语教师志愿者。她性格一直比较开朗，所以当她只身一人前往泰国北部的一个中学任教时，也是满怀憧憬；但是她却发现来机场接她的学校人员对她很冷漠，从机场到学校8个小时的路途上几乎没与她说一句话。她知道绝不是因为语言不通。李晓雨是个爱说爱笑的人，她几次想打破沉默，但一直不明白自己到底在什么地方得罪了来接她的人，还是别人根本不想和自己说话。她只好一个人看着车窗外本来很美但不再觉得美的景色。到了目的地，司机和接待的人把她放到一间小房子里，就走了。房间里只有一张平板床，没有任何铺盖。一个初来乍到的女孩，好几个小时没吃饭，没喝水，又不知道商店在那里，身上也没有当地的钱币。晓雨真的有些受不了了，趴在床板上泪水忍不住簌簌而下。她问自己到底做错了什么，为什么别人对自己如此冷漠，为什么和她想象中热情好客的泰国人差距这么大。第一天到学校上班，她的感觉仍然不好，似乎每个学生和老师都对她很冷，没有真诚的微笑，没有主动的招呼。这下可把晓雨急坏了，她开始注意自己每一个细小的举止言行，生怕别人不喜欢。她一直觉得是因为自己做得还不够好，所以别人不接受自己，甚至不接收中文老师的课程。 晓雨是个倔强、好强的女孩。她不服输，认真地向泰国老师学习他们对待学生和同事的方式，积极参加他们的各种活动。有一次她在办公室里看到一个30岁左右的女教师批改了一个学生的作业之后在那个初中学生的脸颊上亲吻了一下。晓雨觉得自己长这么大从来没接受甚至看到过老师亲吻学生的，然而在这里她发现效果真的很好，那个老师和学生的关系非常融洽和谐。在那个教师的鼓励下，她也开始尝试亲吻学生的脸颊，她发现效果出人意料的好！越来越多的人认识了晓雨并成为了她的朋友。她慢慢体会了到冰在融化的感觉。有一次一个老教师来问她是否要去参加学校的升国旗活动，她爽快地回答说：“好啊！”那位老教师有些惊讶地说：“你们中国来的老师不是不愿意参加我们的升国旗仪式吗？你是真的愿意还是假的？”她坚定地说：“我愿意！”从那之后，她每周都很早来到升泰国国旗的地方集合。老师们和同学们对她的态度都发生了很大的变化，这次升旗成了一个分水岭。 答案：案例中的李晓雨同学只身一人被派往泰国，成为一名汉语教师志愿者。在她刚刚到达目的地时，却发现前来接他的当地学校人员态度并不像她想象的那样热情，反而十分冷淡，对于初来乍到的她也没有给予相应的帮助和照顾。在接下来的工作中，李晓雨发现，学校里其他泰国老师对她的态度也并不热情。不仅没有帮助她适应教学工作，甚至连主动的招呼也没有。学生也没有和她建立起和睦融洽的师生关系，这样的问题还影响到了汉语的教学。 从案例中我们可以了解到，李晓雨与当地人之间交际的问题并不是由语言障碍所引起的，文化障碍则是最主要的原因。 跨文化交际过程大体上可分为蜜月期，挫折，调整和适应四个阶段。李晓雨在一开始对泰国人抱有一种思维定式，即原有的“文化成见”。在她的想象中，泰国人是“热情好客”的。而当她受到接待人员的冷漠对待时，想象与实际情况之间的巨大差距使她很难及时调整好自己的心态来适应这一状况，甚至不断地质疑自己的行为。这使得李晓雨在同泰国人的跨文化交际中迅速从蜜月期进入到了挫折阶段。 在接下来一段时间的工作中，李晓雨开始注意自己的行为举止，直到她看到一位泰国教师在批改了学生的作业后亲吻了学生的脸颊。这件事给李晓雨带来的触动很大，因为她以前从未有过教师亲吻学生的经历。这部分是由于中国的传统文化一直强调“尊师重道”，教师常常是高高在上不容冒犯的对象，泰国教师与学生间亲吻脸颊这样的动作在中国是绝少会发生的。部分也与中国人含蓄、内敛的性格传统有关。因此我们不难看出，母语文化与异文化的差异也是造成跨文化交际障碍的一个重要原因。由于对异文化的不了解，很容易将母语文化的思维方式带入跨文化交际中，以致于加深双方的隔阂。在李晓雨意识到这一问题之后，她也开始尝试按照当地人的方式来进行交际，并尝试亲吻了学生的脸颊，效果出乎她意料的好，她与当地人的交际也开始融洽起来。这时的李晓雨已能够逐步克服母语文化与异文化之间差异带来的交际障碍，并逐步进入到调整阶段。 案例中提及的另一个重要事件是升旗事件。李晓雨热情爽快地同意参加泰国学校的升旗仪式，使当地教师十分惊讶，从此其他泰国老师和学生对她的态度也发生了很大变化。这次事件是一个分水岭，李晓雨开始进入适应阶段，这与她坚持不懈地融入异文化的努力是分不开的。另一方面我们可以从泰国老师表现出的惊讶看出，之前学校里的中国教师在与当地人的跨文化交际中并没有采取正确的文化策略，也没有积极尝试与异文化的沟通，因此给对方造成了中国人不尊重泰国文化的负面印象，这也是最初的接待人员对李晓宇态度冷漠的原因。由此可以看出正确的文化策略在跨文化交际中具有重要作用，它不仅会影响到自身交际的正常进行，还会对本群体中其他成员的跨文化交际带来一定影响。 对于一名李晓雨这样的汉语教师来说，在进行正常的汉语教学之前，先要实现同当地人，特别是同学生的和谐交际。通过上文对案例中提及到的问题的分析我们能够认识到，在进行跨文化交际之前首先要尊重当地文化，应当多了解，多吸收异文化的文化知
大学英语跨文化交际案例分析.docx
大学英语跨文化交际案例分析 Case 2 (P8) White Dress 女王的白色长裙:Case analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text. 案例分析:印度女人可能觉得婚礼是一个葬礼,如果他们看到西方的新娘的白色礼服。这个案例反映了明喻和隐喻在文本。 Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath. Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why . 文化是 像冰山:我们可以辨认颜色衣服的妇女所穿不同的文化,但我们不知道下面的值。文化是像水鱼游 在: 人们穿不同颜色的衣服为不同的上下文, 但他们通常是理所当然的,从不问为什么。 Case 4 (P18) Coconut-skating 椰子-溜冰:Case analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We Can tell from the CaSe that CUItUre is PerVaSiVe and it 案例分析Ie 这个e事件反映了文化 的特点。我们可以告诉从案件,文化是普遍的,这是学习。 People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture. 人们可能发明东西 甚至不同的方式为这样简单的问题的地板闷闷不乐。菲律宾女人必须学习这种方式从她自己的文化的拖地。 Case 7 (P30) Clean UP the Bathroom! 清理浴室!:CaSe analySiS: CUltUral differenCeS deCide the two StUdentS are going to CommUniCate in different wayS. 案例分析:文化差异决定这两个学生要沟通的方式不同。 The Chinese student wants the American student to understand the underlying means of his words, but the American student is used to the direct style of communication. This is decided by culture. In Chinese culture, people want to save face of both themselves and others, so they would not express their ideas directly. However, in the United States, unless you express yourself clearly and directly, the OtherS CannOt Understand you.中国学生想要美国学生理解底层的手段，他的话,但是美国学生用来 直接的交流方式。这是由文化决定的。在中国文化中,人们想要挽回面子的两个自己和他人,所以 他们不会直接表达自己的想法。然而,在美国,除非你清楚地表达自己,别人不能直接理解你。 Case 8 (P34) She HaS Three HandS 她有三个指针:ThiS CaSe Can refleCt the different CommUniCation StyleS between ChineSe and CanadianS. In weStern CUltUreS, CommUniCation iS the meanS of tranSmitting ideaS. WeStern PeoPle USUally CommUniCate direCtly with eaCh other. 这种情况下可以反映出不同的沟通方式在中国和加拿大人。在西方文化中,沟通是传播方式的想法。西方的人们通常直接彼此通信。 That is why the Canadian in this Case says what is in his mind direCtly in frOnt Of the Chinese wOman withOut hiding anything. While Chinese Culture stresses harmOny and emphasizes the relatiOnships between the COmmuniCatOrs. Chinese peOple view COmmuniCatiOn as a prOCess where all parties are searChing tO develOp and maintain a sOCial relatiOnship. SO the Chinese wOman in this Case tries nOt tO argue With the Can adia n face to face to keep the “ harm OnioUS relati On Sh这就是为什betwee n them. 么加拿大在这种情况下说什么是在他的脑海里的正前方的中国女人没有隐瞒任何事。虽然中国 文化强调和谐,强调了沟通者之间的关系。中国人民视图通信作为一个过程,各方正在寻求开发和维护一个社会关系。所以中国女人在这种情况下努力不认为与加拿大面对面保持“和谐关系”他们。 Case 12 (P57) Why Don‘ tYou Eat the Pizza? 你为什么不吃比萨饼?: This case can reflect the problems appearing during intercultural communication and how ignoring cultural differences can affect communication. 种情况下可以反映
《跨文化交际学概论》读后感
《跨文化交际学概论》读后感 AP0802325 钟欣奕 在学习《跨文化交际》这门课程和看完《跨文化交际学概论》这本书之前，我对“跨文化交际”的认识是：两个来自不同国家的人、组织或是国家之间的交流和沟通就是跨文化交际，而同一个国家的两个不同地区的文化的交流并不是跨文化交际。因为我认为既然是“‘跨’文化”，那这两种文化之间的差异应该是很大的，有非常不一样的文化来源和文化背景，有不一样的发展历程和演变过程，形成了两种很不一样的文化内涵。比如，美索不达米亚平原和幼发拉底河孕育的文化、黄河孕育的文化都是各有各的特点。随着经济的发展，交通工具的进步与通讯手段的发展，跨文化交际成了人们的需求，成为经济全球化和“地球村”的需求。 但是，《跨文化交际学概论》这本书中的第一部分第一章中提到：任何两份人之间的交际都是跨文化交际。这让我对“跨文化交际”有了一种新的认识。 有些学者就认为，跨文化交际研究的范围应该也包括地区、职业、年龄、性别等方面的文化差异探讨。地区之间文化的差异，特别是在饮食方面还是比较明显的。在肇庆一些地方，番薯和南瓜是很少被当做是一道菜，更多的是当早餐或者是相当于正餐的米饭，但是同属广东，有一些地方又偏爱“蒜炒南瓜”。又比如，在我的家乡—海南，人们很爱吃生芒果，吃法也很特别：有的人会蘸盐吃，但更多人，包括我，更喜欢蘸调料吃，这种调料是用酱油、白砂糖、海南灯笼椒、或虾酱调制而成的。我周围的朋友都觉得这种吃法很奇怪，无法想象竟然用水果蘸酱油吃。不过我们当地人觉得味道还挺不错的。 正所谓“隔行如隔山”，每种行业之间虽然有互通的知识，但是之间的差别还是挺大的。对大多数学习文史类的人来说，理工科的公式换算简直就是“鬼画符”一样难懂。具体来说，要一个只专长与计算机编程的人去欣赏充满意境、“形散神聚”的散文，也是一件很难的事情。
新编跨文化交际案例分析
Unit 5 Culture and Verbal Communication Case 17 When these two men separate, they may leave each other with very different impressions. Mr Richardson is very pleased to have made the acquaintance of Mr Chu and feels they have gotten off to a very good start. They have established their relationship on a first-name basis and Mr Chu‘s smile seemed to indicate that he will be friendly and easy to do business with. Mr Richardson is particularly pleased that he had treated Mr Chu with respect for his Chinese background by calling him Hon-fai rather than using the western name, David, which seemed to him an unnecessary imposition of western culture. In contrast, Mr Chu feels quite uncomfortable with Mr Richardson. He feels it will be difficult to work with him, and that Mr Richardson might be rather insensitive to cultural differences. He is particularly bothered that, instead of calling him David or Mr Chu, Mr Richardson used his given name, Hon-fai, the name rarely used by anyone, in fact. It was this embarrassment which caused him to smile. He would feel more comfortable if they called each other Mr Chu and Mr Richardson. Nevertheless, when he was away at school in North America he learned that Americans feel uncomfortable calling people Mr for any extended period of time. His solution was to adopt a western name. He chose David for use in such situations. Case 18 Even if the American knew Urdu, the language spoken in Pakistan, he would also have to understand the culture of communication in that country to respond appropriately. In this case, he had to say ―No at least three times. In some countries, for instance, the Ukraine, it may happen that a guest is pressed as many as seven or eight times to take more food, whereas in the UK it would be unusual to do so more than twice. For a Ukrainian, to do it the British way would suggest the person is not actually generous. Indeed, British recipients of such hospitality sometimes feel that their host is behaving impolitely by forcing them into a bind, since they run out of polite refusal strategies long before the Ukrainian host has exhausted his/her repertoire of polite insistence strategies. Case 19 Talking about what‘s wrong is not easy for people in any culture, but people in high-context countries like China put high priority on keeping harmony, preventing anyone from losing face, and nurturing the relationship. It seems that Ron Kelly had to learn a different way of sending message when he was in China. At home in Canada he would have gone directly to the point. But in China, going directly to the problem with someone may suggest that he or she has failed to live up to his or her responsibility and the honor of his or her organization is in question. In high-context cultures like China, such a message is serious and damaging. In low-context cultures, however, the tendency is just to ―spit it out, to get it into words and worry about the result later. Senders of unwelcome messages use objective facts, assuming, as with persuasion, that facts are neutral, instrumental, and impersonal. Indirectness is often the way members of high-context cultures choose to communicate about a problem. Case 20 It seems that the letters of request written in English as well as in Chinese by Chinese people are likely to preface the request with extended face-work. To Chinese people, the normal and polite way to form a request requires providing reasons that are usually placed before the requests. Of course, this is just the inverse of English conventions in which requests are fronted without much face-work. In the view of the English-speaking people, the opening lines of Chinese requests and some other speech acts do not usually provide a thesis or topic statement which will orient the listener to the overall direction of the communication. Worst of all, the lack of precision and the failure to address the point directly may lead to suspicions that the Chinese speakers are beating around the bush. To them, the presence of a clear and concise statement of what is to be talked about will make the speech more precise, more dramatic, and more eloquent. However, the Chinese learning and using English in communication may find it difficult to
跨文化交际学概论__胡文仲版
第一部分绪论：跨文化交际与跨文化交际学 第一章跨文化交际 一、什么是跨文化交际——具有不同文化背景的人从事交际的过程跨文化交际之所以在今天日益引起人们的注意，主要原因是由于交通工具的进步与通讯手段的发展，使得不同国家、不同种族、不同民族的人能够频繁地接触和交往。L.S.Harms 认为，在世界范围内的交际经历了五个阶段：语言的产生；文字的使用；印刷技术的发明；近百年交通工具的进步和通讯手段的迅速发展；跨文化交际。近二十年来的交际是以跨文化为特征的。 二、对跨文化交际的不同理解:有的人认为每个人在文化上都是独特的，所以任何两个人之间的交际都是跨文化交际。有的人认为，不同国籍人们之间的文化差异与不同职业的人们之间的文化差异并没有什么本质上的区别，只是程度上的差异。有的人认为，跨文化交际研究应该把重点放在亚文化系统的语篇系统方面。有的人认为，作大范围的国与国之间的对比对于改进跨文化交际益处不大，应该把眼光放在更具体的文化差异上。跨文化交际研究的范围应该也包括地区、职业、年龄、性别等方面的文化差异的探讨。文化通常不是指个人的行为，而是指一个群体的生活方式和习惯。作者认为作跨国、跨种族、跨民族研究不仅应该是跨文化交际研究包括的内容，而且应该是放在首位的。至于地区、
阶级、阶层、职业、性别、年龄等不同层次的差异也应该给予关注。至于个人之间的差异的研究只是在我们把他们当做群体的代表时才有意义。在研究一个国家的文化特点时，我们的眼光首先应集中在它的主流文化主流文化上，其次才注意它的亚文化和地区文化的特点。主流文化-主流文化-亚文化-地区文化-小群体文化（不同年龄、职业、性别群体的文化） 三、第二章跨文化交际学 跨文化交际学在美国Intercultural Communication (与人类学、心理学、传播学关系密切) 1.首先在美国兴起。美国有来自各个国家的移民，有各自的文化系统和风俗习惯，逐渐在美国社会形成了多元文化的格局；美国与各国交往频繁。 2.Edwar Hall 《无声的语言》跨文化交际学的奠基之作。认为不同文化背景的人们在使用时间、空间表达意义方面表现出明显的差异。（对时间、空间、交际的关系作了深入探讨） 3.1970 年是具有重要意义的一年，在这一年，国际传播学会承认跨文化交际学是传播学的一个分支，成立了跨文化交际学分会。1972 年，第一届跨文化交际学国际会议，日本东京。 4.70 年代，影响最大的书籍Samovar&Richard《跨文化交
跨文化交际案例分析
案例分析 I. Linda Walker is a new American teacher in her fifties and has asked her new colleagues to call her Linda. She’s been invited for dinner to the home of her young Chinese colleague Xu, who is also an English teacher. When Linda arrives, she is introduced to Xu's 5-year old daughter. "Hello, granny," said the little girl in English. "No, not granny," the mother hurriedly corrected. "This is Linda. " ? “But why? She’s so much older than you! How can you be so impolite! “The little girl was puzzled and protested in Chinese. Then Linda's face flushed and didn't know what to say. Fortunately, Linda didn't understand Chinese, though she could sense something was wrong from the little girl' s reaction. What was the reason for the awkwardness in this situation?Why did the little girl think it was impolite to call Linda by her first name? II. Sun Yan was very happy to hear that she had been accepted by TDP Company, a well-known American company in Beijing, in which she had been looking forward to finding a position. When she came to the office on her first day and was introduced to her boss, Mr Blake, she could tell at once he was a kind of person and easy to get along with. Everything went smoothly. My Blake and Sun Yan worked together well. Mr Blake had confidence in Sun Yan and regarded her as sweet, smart and efficient. He would often discuss things together with Sun Yan before making decisions. One day when she ws ordering her files in the room outside Mr Blake’s office, Sun Yan heard Mr Blake opening his door and calling her. She looked up and saw Mr Blake extending his left hand, palm up, beckoning her with the forefinger. She put her work down at once and went into Mr Blake’s office. Mr Blake then asked to hear her opinion about a new project. Later that day, Sun Yan felt a little depressed. She recalled every detail of the day and to try to recall anything which may have upset her and finally found the answer. And when she recalled that scene again, she couldn’t help viewing Mr Blake in a rather less favorable light than before. What did Mr Blake do that made Sun Yan suddenly change her opinion about him? Why? III. Litz, a Finnish, once told a story about her mother-in-law. Ten years ago, I met a Taiwan Chinese doctor in the States, and fell in love with him. In less than 6 months we got married. After my graduation we returned to Finland. My husband had long wished to bring his mother to stay with use for a while. Last summer, after we re-decorated out house, we invited her over. You can well imagine how happy my husband was! And I was just as happy. I know being filial(孝顺的) to parents is a great value Chinese people cherish. As wife of a Chinese, I try to be as filial as my husband. Two days after my mother-in-law’s arrival, I talked to my husband whi le his mother was sitting in the garden enjoying the sunshine. Litz: Dick, how long is your mum going to stay? Dick: I don’t know. I haven’t asked her. Litz: Why not ask her? Dick: What do you mean by asking her?