中国大学生英语书面语中的口语化倾向--文秋芳

英语口语和书面语语体特征比较知识讲解

英语口语和书面语语体特征比较 英语口语和书面语语体特征比较：口语体和书面语体虽然都是人类语言的符号和代表,但作为不同的语言交流形式,它们在诸多方面，如组成内容、表现形式、差异特征及语境依赖等具有明显的不同。当然,口语体与书面语体的差异还不止本文中所提及的这些。 人们运用语言传递信息、交流感情、表达思想、实现相互沟通。特定的环境，不同的方式、场合、对象及目的，要求人们使用不同的语言形式。社会交际功能的不同需求，使语言产生了不同的功能变体，我们称这种不同的变体为文体（又称语体）。从文体的角度看，英语有亲密文体(familiar)、随便文体(casual)、口语文体(informal)、正式文体(formal)和庄严文体(frozen)之分[1]。口语体和书面语体还可以进一步细化。例如:口语包括日常对话、即兴发言、独白、讨论和演讲等;书面语包括一般文章,学术论文，科普读物,政治评论以及文献资料等。从私下个人交流到公开的法庭辩论及审判,不同的口语类别有不同的特征。同样,不同的书面语类别其特征也有所不同,比如私人信件和时政评论就相去甚远。 中国有句古语,言之无文,行之不远。意思是说书面语是口语的记录。口语是语言的基本形式,是语言学研究素材的主要来源,在现代英语中,口语和书面语有很大差别。语言学家Evans 在“The use of English”中谈道：I would only saythe written and spoken English are in the modern periods,so far apart that they almost constitute two differentlanguages. (我只想说,口语和书面语到了近代已经发生了很大变化,有如两种不同的语言了）。 一、口语体和书面语体的概念 语言是古人类在集体劳动过程中,为了适应交际的迫切要求而产生的,并一开始就伴随着有声的语言。这一时期的人类交际只存在一种口头形式。伴随着新的交流工具———文字的出现,语言的另一种存在形式也被创造出来,这就是书面语。 美国学者切弗（W.Chafe)教授认为，口语以其结构的不完整性(fragmentation) 和说话者与说话场合的紧密依存性(involvement) 为特点；而书面语的特点则为语言结构完整(integration)，语言使用者不依赖于说话场合(detachment)。他还举例说，口语使用者在自然对话中多使用“and”和“but'’等词来连接简单句，或多使用单一动词结构，而很少使用复杂的并列句或从句结构。而且，在一般会话中，由于说话者和听话者之间的高度参与，说话者常使用直接引语和通俗口语语言。与口语相反，书面语中频繁出现的是主语、谓语、定语、状语、表语等复杂的从句结构。而著名的英国学者H.E.帕麦尔和J.G.布兰德弗在他们合著德《英语口语语法》导论中对“口头”和“书面”英语作了概述,认为“口头”和“书面”这两个术语可以有许多种解释。“口头英语”可以是指受过教育的英国人“在通常的会话或写信给亲密的朋友时,一般所用的那类英语”,而“书面英语”则“包括我们通常在书籍、评论、报纸、正式书信中或是在正式会谈中(特别是在陌生

最常用日常英语口语句型100句

最常用日常英语口语句型100句 1. I'm an office worker. 我是上班族。 2. I work for the government. 我在政府机关做事。 3. I'm happy to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 4. I like your sense of humor. 我喜欢你的幽默感。 5. I'm glad to see you again. 很高兴再次见到你。 6. I'll call you. 我会打电话给你。 7. I feel like sleeping. 我想睡会儿。 8. I want something to eat. 我想吃点东西。 9. I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。 10. I would like to talk to you for a minute. 我想和你谈一下。 11. I have a lot of problems. 我有很多问题。 12. I hope our dreams come true. 我希望我们的梦想成真。 13. I'm looking forward to seeing you. 我期望见到你。 14. I'm supposed to go on a diet. 我应该节食。 15. I heard that you're getting married. Congratulations.听说你要结婚了，恭喜! 16. I see what your mean. 我了解你的意思。

17. I can't do this. 我不能这么做。 18. Let me explain why I was late. 让我解释迟到的理由。 19. Let's have a beer or something. 咱们喝点啤酒什么的。 20. Where is your office? 你们的办公室在哪? 21. What is your plan? 你的计划是什么? 22. When is the store closing? 这家店什么时候结束营业? 23. Are you sure you can come by at nine? 你肯定你九点能来吗? 24. Am I allowed to stay out past 10? 我可以十点过后再回家吗? 25. The meeting was scheduled for two hours, but it is not over yet. 会议原定了两个小时，不过现在还没有结束。 26. Tom's birthday is this week. 汤姆的生日就在这个星期。 27. Would you care to sit down for a while? 你要不要坐一会呢? 28. Can you cover for me on Friday? 星期五能不能请你替我个班? 29. Could you do me a big favor? 能否请你帮我个忙? 30. He is crazy about Friends. 他对《老友记》很着迷。 31. Can you imagine how much he paid for that car?你能想象他买那车花了多少钱吗?

常用的英语口语句型

常用的英语口语句型 浏览：364|更新：2013-06-06 16:10 1. According to…依照/根据…….According to the newspaper, it's a great movie.根据报纸说,这是一部很棒的电影. 2. Am I allowed to…我可以……吗Am I allowed to introduce our new manager Mr. Anderson to all of you请允许我介绍我们的新经理安德森先生给大家,好吗 3. As matter of fact,…实际上……,…….As matter of fact,I don't agree with you.实际上,我不大同意你的看法. 4.As far as I'm concerned/…就我而言,…….As far as I'm concerned, | think we should pay more attention to the safety ofschoolchildren.就我而言,我认为我们应该更关注在校儿童的安全问题. 5.As far as I know,...据我所知,…….As far as l know,he is not coming,but l may be wrong.据我所知,他不打算来,但我或许会弄错. 6.As I just mentioned...正如我刚才提到过的,…….As I just mentioned, nobody should drop out of school unless they believe theyface the opportunity of a lifetime. And even then they should reconsider.正如我刚才提到过的,任何人都不应该辍学,除非他们相信他们面临着一生中难得的机会,尽管那样,他们还需反复思量. 7. As I see it,…在我看来,…….As I see it, he is not the right person for this position. 在我看来,他不是这个职位的合适人选. 8. As is known to us all, ...众所周知,……As is known to us all, Hong Kong is one of the financial centers of Asia.众所周知,香港是亚洲金融中心之一. 9. As long as...只要….As long as we work together, we can make the impossible possible.只要我们一起努力,我们就能把不可能变为可能. 10.But for...若不是因为……./如果没有…….But for your generous help, we couldn't have finished the work so soon.如果没有你的鼎力相助,我们不可能这么快完成工作的. 11.Can you believe (that)...你相信……吗Can you believe (that) this excellent song was composed by a high schoolstudent你相信这首美妙的歌曲是出自一个高中生之手吗 12.Can you imagine...你能想像……吗Can you imagine how she lived through all these difficulties你能想像她是怎么捱过种种困难的吗 13.Could you please explain...你能解释一下……吗Could you please explain why you didn't come to the meeting yesterday你能解释一下为什么昨天没来开会吗

英语口语常用句子

英语口语常用句子PART 1 1. You make me sick! 你真让我恶心！ 2. I’m very disappointed. 真让我失望。 3. You’re crazy! 你疯了! 4. Don’t bother me. 别烦我。 5. Leave me alone. 走开。 6. It’s none of your business. 关你屁事！ 7. That’s terrible. 真糟糕！ 8. Enough is enough! 够了够了！ 9. Don't count on me．别指望我。 10. Believe it or not! 信不信由你! 11. What should I do? 我该怎么办？ 12. What a good deal! 真便宜! 13. It’s a long story．说来话长。 14. It’s Sunday today．今天是星期 15. Just wait and see! 等着瞧! 16. Make up your mind．做个决定

17. What day is today? 今天星期几? 18. I beg your pardon? 请您再说一 19. Don't let me down．别让我失望。 20. Speak louder，please．说话请大声点 21. Make yourself at home．请不要拘礼。 22. What a nice day it is! 今天天气真好! 23. I will never forget it．我会记着的。 24. He is looking for a job他正在找工作。 25. I get up at six o'clock．我六点起床。 26. Don't let me down！别让我失望！ 27. Are you satisfied with your job? 你对你的工作满意吗？ 28. Can't you speak louder? 你就不能说大声点吗？ 29. Could you tell me what time it is? 你能告诉我现在几点了吗？ 30. Do you know what happened? 你知道发生什么事了吗？

英语口语和书面语

1. 英语口语与书面语最大不同的地方,在於文法组织、句子结构、用字和动词等四方面. 口语与书面语在文法组织上是不同的.口语可不必跟随文法(grammar),只要听讲双方达到有效的沟通就可以,因听者有疑问,可即时向讲者发问,而讲者可从听者的身体语讠和神态,知道对方的反应.书面语则不同,因读者在远方或不知名,故文法和句子组织要求严格,以免误传讯息. 英语口语的句子结构(sentence structure) 是简短和可以较为松散,而书面语则可长可短,句子组织和结构可繁可简,但必定是严紧的.英文商业书信的句子偏向精简,而法律、新闻等文章则较长而复杂,因长句能有效地表达更多内容和资讯.实际上,我们很多时是随心或不加思索地说话,是不会如书写般可再三修改.用简短的句子说英文口语. 下列是英文口语最常用的十个动词. bring, come, do, get, give, go, make, put, run, take 这十个动词是多义词,试查看看,每个动词的解释占去字典起码两个篇幅.多看英语电影的对白,便发觉以上的动词,在对话中出现次数频密,故多用简单的英语词汇. 此外,英文口语常用片语动词(phrasal verbs).片语动词是由动词(verb)加介语(preposition) 或动词(verb)加副词质词(adverbial particle) 组合而成.最常见的是由英语中最简单的动词组成, 例如：bring, come, do, get, give, go, make, put, run, take, turn, throw, tear, stand, send, help等. Put(verb) + up with (preposition/adverbial particle) 忍受 give in 投降 show off 炫耀 英语口语常以片语动词代替与其同义的单个动词.例如： put up with(口语) , tolerate (书面语) 忍受 give in (口语) , surrender(书面语)投降 piling up (口语), accumulate(书面语) 累积 come in (口语), enter (书面语) 进来 blow up (口语), explode (书面语)爆炸 我们叫人进来只会说come in,而绝不会说enter. 2 一、引言 英语书面语是指书写时所用的英语,它要求规范、正式甚至注重文法,普遍用于书信、文件、档案、书籍文献等.口语,顾名思义,就是人在交流时用到的言语,它要求说话人语言条理、连贯,能够准确有效地传递信息,恰当的运用重音、节奏、语调,对语法要求不高,尽可能用精悍、短小的句子表达.下面从礼节；语法、标点法及句子结构；沟通交流三方面将口语和书面语进行比较. 二、口语和书面语的比较 （一）礼节方面 首先,书面语要比口语更正式,书面语更注重文采.但是如果将书面语中那些很多文采的词语或显示语言艺术性的句子用到日常交流中来则会显得说话人笨拙或是故意要与人拉开距离.例如,我们日常见面时打招呼都会用“Hello!”“How are you?”即是陌生人首次见面也只说“How do you do?”但如果你很正式的问一句“How are you recently?”则会显得僵硬、呆板.通常状况下,如果一个人在说话时就像写作时那样规范正式,人们通常认为他待人冷漠甚至骄傲自大,不可一世. （二）语法、标点法及句子结构方面 在书面语中,作者除了要表达清楚意思之外,更要注意把握文章的整体结构和每一个句子的语法.如果一个人在一

英语口语5分钟演讲稿

Hello,everyone!on the past few days,ham and sausage are the most famous words.Beacse WHO said that Processed meat is on the top of the list which may cause cancer.In the same level ,there are the cigarettes and arsenic .What is arsenic?In China,we call it 砒霜.It is terrible to us.And they also said eating just 50 gram of processed meat one day increases the risk of cancer by 18 percent. So what does 50g look like?It’s maybe two slices of smoked ham or half a hot dog.A famous expert suggest the public to avoid processed meat when possible and to have a vegetable salad for lunch rather than a sandwich.And they also said that We have known the probable link between processed meat and cancer, which is supported by massive evidence. It maybe a bad news for hot dog lovers.But this doesn't mean we need to stop eating any processed meat. if someone eat lots of it and he may need to think carefully about whether he should cut it down.In fact,there are a lot of choices for us. We could try having fish for our dinner instead of sausages, or choosing to have a fruit salad for lunch. And someone may say:”W hy is processed meat so bad?”Processed meat is which has been salted, cured, smoked, or any other natural or chemical processes to make them delicious or improve preservation.So processed meat may contain sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate, which are salts added to the meat to preserve it.In the body, they can form the compounds that can damage DNA. Nowdays,many person may do something which is harmful to their health,as they think cancer are far away from them,this words only usesd on newspaper or television.in my opinion,this idea is highly irresponsible.If something bad happen，the total home will be destroy by you. So please ,take care of yourself,not only for you,but also for your family.

英语口语常用句式

我可以……吗 常用句子：May I come in 我可以进来吗 May I help you 您需要帮忙吗 May I ask you a question 我可以问你一个问题吗 搭配：接动词原型。 } 例句：May I speak to Vincent 请问文森在吗 May I use your telephone 我可以借用你的电话吗 May I have a seat 我可以坐下吗 功能: 用这些话显得很有教养。 2. Can you … ? 你能……吗 常用句子：Can you help me 你能帮帮我吗 Can you do me a favor 你能帮我个忙吗 Can you please tell me where is the bus stop 你能告诉我公共汽车站怎么走吗 搭配：接动词原型。 — 例句：Can you please shut the door 你能把门关上吗 Can you translate the sentence into Chinese for me 你能帮我把这个句子翻译成中文吗 Can you lend me some money 你能借我点钱吗 功能：用于比较熟悉的人之间，会让对方感觉亲切。如果想再客 气一点，可以把can换成could。 > 3. I’d like to … 我想…… 常用句子：I’d like to have a self-introduction. 我想作个自我介绍。 I’d like to talk about the matter. 我想谈谈那件事。 I’d like to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 、 搭配：加动词原型。 例句：I’d like to book a double-room.

英语口语常用句型300句

1 Greetings I haven't seen you around lately. What are you up to 最近没看到你，忙什么呢 I just stopped by to say hello. 我只是顺道过来打个招呼。 It's fancy meeting you here. 真没想到在这儿见到你。 2 Introduction I'm afraid I didn't catch your name 我没听清你的名字。 》 I've heard a lot about you. 久仰大名。 3 Invitation Could we have the honor of your present at the party 可否请您光临我们的宴会 4 Appointment Let's make a date to go shopping this Saturday. 让我们约好这周六去逛街。 He won't be able to make your meeting this evening. 他今晚无法与您会面了。 , He'll give you a call then to make another appointment. 他会给你打电话再约时间。 5 Help Can you cover for me on Tuesday 周二能不能帮我代个班 If we can be of any help, please don’t hesitate tell us. 如果用得上我们，请不要客气。 I'm sorry to have take up so much of your time. 非常抱歉占用了你这么多时间。 He asked me to attend the meeting for him. | 他叫我代他出席会议。 6 Compliments Last night it was hard to recognize him, he was dressed to kill. 昨晚我简直就认不出是他，他打扮得超帅。 Because he finally got a date with that blond he's admired for so long.

浅谈英语口语和书面语的差别

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