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【精品】2020年中考英语语法复习：《名词》考点突破

中考英语复习《名词》考点突破

近年来，中考英语单选题中对名词的考查呈现逐年变化的趋势，“词义辨析”成了主要的考查形式，“名词所有格、名词单复数的变化、名词作定语及固定短语中名词的单复数表示法”等常规考点仅有少量体现。下面结合近几年的中考真题谈谈这些考点及相关的解题方法。

【考点一】名词词义辨析

解题指导:解答“辨析名词词义”的单选题时，要通过上下文提供的信息推断空格处缺少一个什么含义的名词。解题时，首先要仔细推敲题干的意思，根据语义逻辑、语言常识、生活常识等进行推理判断，找出题干中缺少什么含义的单词，然后缺什么就选什么。

【中考真题】

1.－It' s useless to regret what has been done. Don't make those mistakes again

－I won't. That's a(n) .(2018年河南)

A. order

B. decision

C. promise

D. agreement

2. I live near a . It gets very noisy on match days. (2018年江西)

A. hospital

B. store

C. bank

D. playground

3.－What is the of your excellent spoken English?

－Practice makes perfect! (2018年安徽)

A. result

B. influence

C. duty

D. secret

4. Her smile made me feel warm and lively. It was like a hidden .(2018年天津)

A. competition

B. interview

C. treasure

D. tradition

5. Could you please put some in my cup? I'd like sweet coffee. (2018年青岛)

A. sugar

B. salt

C. ice

D. pepper

6. Wu Wei, a young artist, has received high from the art community for this sculptures. (2018年宿迁)

A. pride

B. praise

C. promise

D. progress

7. The Queqiao Satellite(卫星)will form a bridge between controllers on earth and the far side of the moon. (2018年扬州)

A. contribution

B. communication

C. celebration

D. competition

8. The is so strong today that my hair keeps blowing in the air.

A. rain

B. snow

C. sun

D. wind

9.－Do you have this T shirt in a small ?

－I'm afraid not. It only comes in medium.(2018年南京)

A. size

B. colour

C. material

D. taste

10.－Let' s see what food you've got for dinner.

－Look, we have mutton, fish, eggs, tomatoes and . (2018年东营)

A. milk

B. bread

C. coffee

D. juice

11. In every ，there has to be some give-and-take. (2018年武威)

A. friendship

B. instrument

C. attention

D. blackboard

12. National Treasure quickly rose to the top television rating ranks after it was presented

on CCTV. It means a growing in traditional culture among China's youth.(2018年连云港)

A. interest

B. direction

C. habit

D. dream

13.－What was the of the football match last night?

－AC Milan won the game. (2018年温州)

A. value

B. result

C. choice

D. decision

14. My grandpa knows the history and medical of many plants.(2017年扬州)

A. wealth

B. price

C. value

D. cost

15. To the teacher' s joy, the student made great this term.(2017年黄石)

A. result

B. preparation

C. suggestion

D. progress

16. Dr. Ma has helped a lot of patients see again in the of his life.(2017年南通)

A. form

B. way

C. direction

D. course

17. Nowadays some made in China are both good and cheap, such as Xiaomi mobile phones, Haier fridges and Lenovo computers.(2017年东营)

A. tools

B. products

C. materials

D. instruments

18.－Shall we go on Friday or Saturday?

－Either day is OK. It makes no to me.(2017年苏州)

A. choice

B. change

C. difference

D. decision

19. Daniel has tried to lose by eating less recently, but two kilos has been put on instead.(2017年广东)

A. weight

B. weights

C. height

D. heights

20.－It' s hot today. Have some ，please.

－No, thanks. I' m not thirsty at a11.(2017年怀化)

A. water

B. potatoes

C. bread

21. Fruit is good for health, so I o8en have breakfast with one .(2017年青岛)

A. candy

B. cake

C. banana

D. hamburger

22.－Judy, I will have a meeting in Canada next week.

－Well, you' d better take a with you, or you may easily got lost. (2017年重庆A卷)

A. photo

B. stamp

C. map

D. postcard

23. Zhang Lin is a popular in this school and most students are her fans. (2017年重庆B卷)

A. farmer

B. doctor

C. worker

D. teacher

24. The New Silk Road will offer a good for nations to communicate.(2017年安徽)

A. chance

B. habit

C. question

D. price

25.－Do you have any for tonight yet?

－Not yet. What about having a picnic on the beach?(2017年江西)

A. problems

B. news

C. plans

D. rules

【答案与解析】

1. C。order“命令，顺序”;decision“决定”;promise“承诺，许诺，诺言”;agreement “协议，同意”。根据句意可知，空格处缺少的是表示“承诺”的单词，故应选择C项。

2. D。hospital“医院”;store“商店”;bank“银行”;playground“运动场”。句中有on match days，意思是“在比赛日”，按常识推断，比赛是在“运动场上”进行，故应选择D项。

3. D。result“结果”;influence“影响”;duty“职责”;secret“秘诀”。答语“Practice makes perfect!”是谚语，意思是“熟能生巧”或“勤能补拙”，意为“多练习就能做好某事”。按

对话的语义逻辑，应选择D项

4. C。competition“竞争”;interview“面试”;treasure“珍宝，宝藏”;tradition“传统”。根据句意可知选择C项。

5. A。根据常识推理，只有放“糖”才能使咖啡变“甜”，故应选择A项。

6. B。pride“自豪，骄傲”;praise“赞赏，赞扬”;promise“诺言”;progress“进步”。根据句意可知选择B项。

7. B。contribution“贡献”;communication“通信，交流”;celebration“庆祝”;competition “竞争”。根据句意可知选择B项。

8. D。根据my hair keeps blowing in the air可知，这是“大风”所致，故应选择D项。

9. A。从答语中的“中号的”可知，空格处缺少的是表示‘‘尺码”的单词，故选A项。

10. B。对方说的是“what food"，而所给的四个选项中，只有food属食品，milk, coffee 和juice均属饮料，故应选择B项。

11. A。friendship“友谊”;instrument“仪器”;attention“注意”;blackboard“黑板”。根据常识推断，“互相谦让”与“友谊”相关，故选A项。

12. A。interest“兴趣”;direction“方向”;habit“习惯”;dream“梦想”。根据句意可知，空格处缺少的是“兴趣”，故应选择A项。

13. B。value“价值”;result“结果”;choice“选择”;decision“决定”。根据句意可知，空格处缺少的是“结果”，故应选择B项。

14. C。wealth“财富”;price“价格”;value“价值”;cost“花费”。根据句意可知，空格处缺少的是“价值”，故应选择C项。

15. D。result“结果”;preparation“准备”; suggestion“建议”;progress“进步”o progress 是不可数名词，make progress“取得进步”，故应选择D项。

16. D。in the form of“以……的形式”;in the way of“关于……方面，阻碍”;in the direction of“朝……方向”;in the course of“在……期间，在……过程中”;in the course of one's life表示“在某人的一生中”。根据句意可知，本题选D项。

17. B。tools“工具”;products“产品”; materials“材料”;instruments“仪器”。根据句意可知，空格处缺少的是“产品”，故应选择B项。

18. C。choice“选择”;change“变化”;difference“差别，差异”;decision“决定”。根据句意可知，空格处缺少的是“差别”，故应选择C项。

19. A。根据句意可知，空格处缺少的是“体重”。由于lose weight是固定搭配，weight 要用单数形式，故应选择A项。

20. A。根据句意可知，空格处缺少的是“水”。故本题选A项。

21. C。根据“水果有益于健康”的提示，可以看出空格处缺少的是“香蕉”，故本题选C项.

22. C。根据“你可能容易迷路”的提示，可以看出空格处缺少的是“地图”，故本题选C项。

23. D。根据“学校、学生”等词语提示，可以看出空格处缺少的是“教师”，故本题选D项。

24. A。根据句意和语义逻辑，空格处缺少的是“机会”，故应选择A项。

25. C。problems“问题”;news“新闻" ; plans“计划”;rules“规则”。根据句意，空格处缺少的是“计划”，故应选择C项。

【考点二】名词所有格

名词所有格是在词尾加“'s”构成，如果词尾已有s，则直接在s后加“'”。如:the cat's eyes, children's clothes, the Smiths' house, twenty minutes' walk等。

特别提醒:Tom and Jack's room表示两人共用一个房间，故room要用单数形式;Tom's and Jack's rooms表示各自都有一个房间，故room要用复数形式。

【中考真题】

1.－How far is it from Chongqing to Guiyang?

－It' s about two ride by high-speed train.(2018年重庆B卷)

A. hour

B. hour's

C. hours

D. hours'

2.－John, is the book on the desk yours?

－No, it's my . She left it here yesterday. (2018年贵阳)

A. sister's

B. sister

C. sisters'

3.－Excuse me! Is this new house?

－Yes, it's . The parents of them bought it last September.(2418年安1n)

A. Lucy and Lily's; theirs

B. Lucy's and Lily's; them

C. Lucy's and Lily's; theirs

D. Lucy and Lily's; them

4. "It depends on my decision." the mother said and looked at her two sons.(2017年白银)

A. children

B. children's

C. child

D. child's

【答案与解析】

1. D。考查名词所有格。表示“两个小时”要用two hours ,“两个小时的”则要写为two hours'，故本题应选择D项。

2.A。考查名词所有格。从“She”可以看出，本句中的sister是单数形式，因此其所有格形式是sister's，故应选择A项。

3. A。考查名词所有格和代词所有格。第一空后的名词house是单数，说明这是他们共有的房子，故第一空用Lucy and Lily's;第二空要用theirs表示“他们的房子”。故应选择A 项。

4. B。考查名词所有格。由从句中的her two sons可以看出，此处的“孩子”要用复数形式children。另外，decision前缺少的是定语，因此children要用所有格形式，故应选择B 项。

【考点三】名词的“里”与“数”

1.不可数名词没有复数形式。如果表示不可数名词的“量”，要用相应的量词，且只能在量词上作复数变化。如:a cup of tea-three cups of tea等。

2.名词单数变复数时，除了规则变化外，还有不规则变化，如:foot→feet, tooth →teeth, child→children, mouse→mice, man→men, woman→women等。

易错提醒:German的复数形式是在词尾直接加-s，即Germans; stomach的复数形式也是在词尾直接加-s，即stomachs 。

3.以o结尾的名词变复数时，在其后加-s，如:radio→radios, bamboo→bamboos, piano→pianos, photo→photos, zoo→zoos等。但是hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes 等例外。

4. people, police，clothes, trousers, glasses均是复数用法;Chinese, Japanese, sheep均是单复数同形。

5.在某些固定短语中，名词要用复数形式，且这些名词前没有定冠词。如:make friends with, shake hands with, take notes, exchange seats with somebody

【中考真题】

1.－How time flies! It is two since we met last.

－So it is. I miss you so much.(2017年哈尔滨)

A. months

B. monthes

C. months'

2.－Are you thirsty?

－Yes, please give us . (2017年南充)

A. three bottle water

B. three bottle of water

C. three bottles of water

D. three bottles of waters

【答案与解析】

1. A。考查名词复数。month的复数形式是months，故选A。

2. C。考查不可数名词“量”的表达法。“水”是不可数名词，“一瓶水”要说“a bottle of water”,“三瓶水”应说“three bottles of water”，故本题应选择C项。

【考点四】名词作定语

名词作定语时，通常用单数形式，如many apple trees, several car companies。但是man, woman作复数名词的刽部寸，应改为men, women,如five women doctors。另外，sport也常用复数形式作定语，如a pair of sports shoes。

【中考真题】

1.－How many doctors there in your hospital, David?

－them over one hundred.(2018年眉山)

A. women; The number of; is

B. woman; A number of; are

C. woman; A number of; is

D. women; The number of; are

2. I went to the hospital yesterday. I found a few there.(2017年齐齐哈尔)

A. man nurses

B. men nurse

C. men nurses

3. It' s sports time. Most students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground. (2016年重庆A卷)

A. boy

B. boys

C. boy's

D. boys'

【答案与解析】

1. A。第一空后是复数名词doctors，因此第一空用woman的复数形式women作定语。over one hundred表示数量“一百多个”，因此第二空用the number of;由于the number of them 表达的是单数概念，故第三空用is。故本题选A项。

2. C。空格前有a few，后面的名词nurse 一定要用复数形式nurses，故可先排除B项;man 作复数名词的定语时，应改为men，再排除A项。剩下的C项为正确答案。

3. A。绝大多数名词作定语时用单数形式，boy属其中之一，故应选择A项。

【练一练】

一、单项选择。从每题A,B,C,D中选出一个最佳答案。

1.－Your skirt is really beautiful.

－Thank you. Do you like ，too?

A. apple

B. banana

C. orange

D. pear

2. Peter is so kind that he often gives me a when I' m in trouble.

A. head

B. hand

C. heart

D. foot

3. bedroom is big and bright. They like it very much.

A. Tom and Sam

B. Tom’s and Sam

C. Tom’s and Sam's

D. Tom and Sam’s

4.－I' m afraid these trousers are too small.

－If so, you may buy a larger .

A. piece

B. one

C. pant

D. pair

5.－I often work for the class wall-news-paper.

－You are great! It’s interesting but it may takes you much time.

A. work

B. job

C. book

D. game

6. That was an easy ，so I finished it in half an hour.

A. task

B. work

C. homework

D. housework

7.－How far is it from here to the super-market?

－It's only about ten walk.

A. minute

B. minutes

C. minutes'

D. minute' s

8. I don' t think looking after children is just work.

A. woman's

B. women's

C. women

D. women

9. There are trees growing in the south of China.

A. many banana

B. many bananas

C. a lot of bananas

D. lots of bananas

10.－Tom and I want to be with you.

－Thank you. Me too.

A. friend

B. a friend

C. the friend

D. friends

11. Mary asked me if I wanted to exchange with her.

A. seat

B. a seat

C. seats

D. the seats

12.－Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now?

－Sorry. I know nothing about him. We are .

A. friends

B. neighbors

C. classmates

D. strangers

13. It was hard for me to make a ，but I decided to leave my job.

A. decision

B. suggestion

C. plan

D. speech

14. Something is wrong with my . I can't see anything around me.

A. nose

B. ears

C. eyes

D. mouth

15.－What do you have for Paul?

－I think he should study harder than before.

A. news

B. advice

C. help

D. information

16.－Michael likes flying around the world.

－I think being a is just right for him.

A. doctor

B. policeman

C. cook

D. pilot

17.－Well, a bowl of noodles with beef.

OK, then what would you like, madam?

－A small bowl, please.

A. price

B. time

C. size

D. place

18.－Someone called you just now, Bill.

－know. But I was busy at that moment. When I called back, there was no .

A. voice

B. sound

C. answer

D. result

19. I like a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.

A. fish

B. potatoes

C. noodles

D. carrots

20.－It's a wise to wear the purple tie. It matches your shirt well.

－Thank you very much.

A. support

B. choice

C. mixture

D. honour

21.－Do you think the of this skirt suits me?

－Of course! You always look beautiful in red.

A. size

B. design

C. price

D. color

22. If you want to get more information about Chinese learning, please visit our https://www.docsj.com/doc/df9604197.html,.

A. company

B. store

C. office

D. website

23. If you want to make friends with others being honest is the first .

A. step

B. time

C. job

D. hand

24.－Jimmy, you should never let others know what I have told you today.

－Don't worry, Tina. I will keep the .

A. money

B. secret

C. address

D. grade

25. More and more people would like to go on vacation abroad. They should remember to be

with good manners.

A. visitors

B. players

C. volunteers

D. actors

26.－This is Jim speaking. I have great in doing the work by myself. Could you come to help me?

－No problem. Where are you?

A. interest

B. success

C. advice

D. difficulty

27. Maria is new in Beijing. Maybe she needs a for sightseeing.

A. watch

B. ticket

C. map

D. notebook

28. The food safety is a serious in many countries. People should try to solve it

A. subject

B. program

C. problem

D. opinion

29. You’d better read the first before you use the camera.

A. websites

B. expressions

C. instructions

D. advertisements

30.－I want to see the movie .Do you know the of the ticket?

－Yes. Five dollars each.

A. price

B. number

C. kind

D. name

二、语法运用。根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. I'm happy to see great have taken place in my hometown. (change)

2. The mother had two .(child)

3. It is true that quite a few famous people were born in poor .(family)

4. In primary schools, there are more teachers than men ones. (woman)

5. When he received my to the party, he was glad to accept it. (invite)

6. Could you please give me some on how to learn math well?(advise)

7. I saw a group of when I was walking in the street just now. (German)

8. John became the because he ran fastest of all his schoolmates. (win)

9. All of them said the in White Rose Restaurant was really good. (serve)

10. People should realize the of protecting the environment. (important)

2. Lots of from foreign countries come to China every year.

3. They are beautiful! You've got a wonderful of stamps.

4. Lisa was so careless that she made many in her homework.

5. He is a ，who does a good job on building the space station.

6. Mum, do I have to blow out all the on the birthday cake?

7. These farmers grow on their farm. All of them are very busy.

8. I wonder if our teacher has made a on the spring outing.

9. Kate didn't go to school yesterday afternoon because of her

10. With the of science, now human life has greatly changed.

参考答案

一、单项选择。

1-5 CBDDA 6-10 ACBAD 11-15 CDACB 16-20 DCCAB

21-25 DDABA 26-30 DCCCA

二、语法运用。

1. changes。谓语是复数形式have taken place，因此主语也要用复数形式。

2. childrenochild是可数名词，其前有数词two，因此本题用child的复数形式children 。

3. families。主语是quite a few famous people，因此本题用family的复数形式families 。

4. women o woman所修饰的是复数名词teachers，因此woman也要用复数形式women。

5. invitationo invite是动词，名词形式是invitation 。

6. advice advise是动词，其名词形式是advice。

7. Germans。a group of后接可数名词的复数形式，故填Germans。

8. winnero win是动词，根据句意可知本题应填winner表示“获胜者”。

9. serviceo serve是动词，其名词形式是service。

10. importanceo important是形容词，意为“重要的”，其名词形式是importance，意为“重要性”。

三、词语运用

1. warmth。warm的名词形式是warmth ,the warmth of the sun表示“太阳的温暖”。

2. visitors。lots of后要接名词，这里要接“游客”的复数形式。

3. collection。wonderful是形容词，后面要接名词。a wonderful collection of stamps表示“一本精美的集邮册”。

4. mistakes 。many后接复数名词，make any mistakes表示“出了许多错误”。

5. scientist。主语是he，后面要用表示“人”的名词，因此要把science改为scientist。

6. candles。前面有all，因此candle要用复数形式。the candles on the birthday cake表示“生日蛋糕上的蜡烛”。

7. tomatoes 。tomato的复数形式是在词尾加-es。grow tomatoes表示“种植西红柿”。

8. decision。decide是动词，其相应的名词是decision。make a decision表示“做决定”。

9. illness。ill是形容词，其相应的名词是illness。because of her illness意为“因为她生病了”。

10. development。develop是动词，其相应的名词是development。with the development of science意为“随着科学的发展”。

(完整版)初中英语语法专项代词练习及答案

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马上就要中考了，祝大家中考都考上一个理想的高中！欢迎同学们下载，希望能帮助到你们！ 2020最新中考英语语法知识点汇总

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A. banana B. oranges D. pear ( ) 7 On the table there are five____. A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato 2 ( ) 1 They got much ___ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 2 He gave us____ on how to keep fit. A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice ( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad. A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news ( ) 4 What___ lovely weather it is! A. / B. the C. an D. a 3 ( ) 1 -Would you like___tea？ -No, thanks. I have drunk two____.

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