人教版高中英语必修五 Unit5 First aid-语法篇(学生版)-最新教育文档

Unit5 First aid-语法篇

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

1.学会if引导的省略句的用法；

2.能够使用if引导的省略句的知识点作对相关题目，灵活使用。

省略句

状语从句中的省略用法

一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式（am/is/are/was/were）可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。

1. when, while引导的时间状语从句

e.g. 当你过马路的时候一定要小心。

Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street.

在我去工作的路上，我遇见了她。

When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her.

2. if , unless，once引导的条件状语从句

e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.

我不会去晚会的，除非我被邀请。

I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited.

一旦你在超市里被抓到偷东西，你会受到惩罚的。

Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished.

3. though, although, whether, no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句

e.g. 他很开心，尽管他很贫穷。

He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.

他虽然年轻但懂得很多。

Though (he is) young, he knows a lot.

No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.

（注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式）

4. as if, as though引导的方式状语从句

e.g. She lay there, as if (she was) dead. （省略的主语和主句的主语一致）

He opened his lips as if (he were going) to say something. 他张开嘴唇，好像要说什么话似的。

He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作）

二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时，一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。

e.g. He is taller than his brother (is).

I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him.

三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is, that is, there is/are。

E.g.如果有必要的话，这个老庙会被重新修建。

If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.

If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.

There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any.

四、定语从句中的省略用法

关系词的省略

关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which 或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。

e.g. 你昨天拜访的那个人是我的祖父。

The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa.

我不喜欢你对待这个女孩的方式。

I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.

五、虚拟语气中if及should的省略

1. 当条件状语从句中有were, had, should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形成倒装句。

e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

2. Suggest, insist, order, require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的名词性从句中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”, should可以省略。

e.g. 医生建议他尽力去减肥。

The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.

六、So和not的替代性省略

用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe, do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think, I’m afraid等连用

e.g. – Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? – I suppose not.

— Can you finish your work today?

—我认为能。I think so .

—我认为不能。I don't think so . / I think not .

七、日常交际中的省略

在情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。

e.g. – How many copies do you want? -- (I want) Three copies, please.

-- Have you ever been to the Great Wall? -- No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).

注意：

1.感官动词see, hear, feel, watch等和使役动词have, make, let等后接不定式作宾语时，不定式省略

to。

2.do nothing but, can’t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。

e.g. 我们昨天只是仅仅呆在家里看电视了。

We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.

听到这个消息，她禁不住哭了。

Hearing the news, she couldn’t help but cry.

3.在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want, wish, hope, try, plan, like, love, hate

后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be, have时，也保留be和have。

e.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, （但是我不想去）but I didn’t want to.

1. (2019·哈尔滨师范大学附属中学月考)All of the clothes in the shop are sold at half price,

________otherwise noted.

A. as

B. if

C. until

D. unless

2. (2019·陕西咸阳高考模拟考试二)Just now the patient opened her mouth as if ________something to her husband.

A. said

B. say

C. to say

D. to have said

3. (2019·哈师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁实验中学一联)—Hi, are you an engineer in Lenovo Group?

—No, but I________.

A. want to

B. want to be

C. want so

D. want it

4. (2019·济宁模拟)As is often the case, little Tom, if________, is most likely to stop crying soon.

A. left ignoring

B. left ignored

C. leaving ignoring

D. leaving ignored

5. (2019·佳木斯一中高三第四次调研)He is ready to help others, seldom, ________refusing them when they turn to him.

A. if never

B. if ever

C. if not

D. if any

基础演练

一、单项填空

1. —What’s the matter with Della?

—Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party, but she still ________.

A. hopes to

B. hopes so

C. hopes not

D. hopes for

2. Some of you may have finished Unit one.________, you can go on to Unit two.

A. If you may

B. If you do

C. If not

D. If so

3. —Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?

—Yes.________, I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.

A. If ever

B. If busy

C. If anything

D. If possible

4. The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.

A. in it

B. in

C. in that

D. in which

5. —Will the Smiths leave for Australia this spring?

—No, they finally decided ________.

A. not to leave

B. not leaving

C. not to

D. not to be leaving

6. He decided not to say anything at the meeting unless ________.

A. asking to

B. to ask to

C. asked to

D. ask to

7. —Have you watered the flowers?

—No, but ________.

A. I am

B. I’m going

C. I’m just going to

D. I will go

8. ________ he come tomorrow, I would let you know.

A. Would

B. Should

C. Shall

D. If

9. —Did you have a good time in Thailand last week?

—________.It was too hot.

A. Not really

B. Yeah, why not

C. Oh, great

D. You’re right

10. —I listen to English every day over the radio.

—________interesting.

A. Sounds

B. Sounding

C. It is sounded

D. Sound

11. —Do you think we will have a long holiday next month?

—________.

A. I believe not

B. I believe not so

C. I don’t believe it

D. I don’t believe

12. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ________.

A. the other is white

B. another white

C. the other white

D. another is white

13. If the food tastes nice, we’ll buy some; if ________, ________.

A. no; no

B. not; not

C. not; no

D. no; not

14. —Who should be responsible for the accident?

—The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order ________.

A. as told

B. as are told

C. as telling

D. as they told

15. —My mother is preparing my favorite dishes. Go with me and have a taste, okay?

—________.And I’ll be glad to meet your parents.

A. I think so

B. I’d love to

C. I’m sure

D. I hope so

巩固提高

一、句型转换(使用省略来改写句子)

1. She works hard. It is no wonder that she passed the exam.

She works hard.______ ______ ________ ________ ________ ________.

2. They haven’t completed the project，but they ought to have completed it.

They haven’t completed the project，______ ________ ________ ________ ________.

3. It is well done.

________ ________.

4. Errors, if there are any, should be corrected.

Errors, ________ ________, should be corrected.

5. If we had gone to the party, we would have known the fact.

________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________, we would have known the fact.

二、用省略结构翻译句子

1. 她想学好英语，但不知道怎么学。

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

2. 他建议我们去看电影。

________________________________________________________________________

3. 他不像过去那样早起床了。

________________________________________________________________________

4. 她除了等待另一个机会什么也不能做。

________________________________________________________________________

5. 尽管被告知了很多次，她仍然犯了同样的错误。

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

三、短文改错

When I first learned to write in English，I ran into much difficulties. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my

teacher. She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was a good one. Their word were a great encouragement to me.

1. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

A. introducing

B. introduced

C. introduce

D. being introduced

2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss.

A. questioning

B. having questioned

C. questioned

D. to be questioned

3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right

direction.

A. seeing

B. having seen

C. to have seen

D. to see

4. Generally speaking, ________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

A. when taking

B. when taken

C. when to take

D. when to be taken

5. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.

A. invited

B. inviting

C. being invited

D. having invited

6. When ________ , the museum will be open to the public next year.

A. completed

B. completing

C. being completed

D. to be completed

7. Though ________ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university.

A. lacked

B. lacking of

C. lacking

D. lacked in

8. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.

A. begins

B. having begun

C. beginning

D. begun

9. —You 're always working. Come on, let's go shopping.

—________ you ever want to do is going shopping.

A. Anything

B. Something

C. All

D. That

10. Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

A. he explained

B. what he explained

C. how he explained

D. why he explained

11. What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it.

A. the way

B. in the way that

C. in the way

D. the way which

12. It is easy to do the repair. ________ you need is a hammer and some nails.

A. Something

B. All

C. Both

D. Everything

13. That's an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ________ he's done for you.

A. something

B. anything

C. all

D. that

14. As you've never been there before, I'll have someone ________ you the way.

A. to show

B. show

C. showing

D. showed

15. —I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?

—Not at all, ________ .

A. I have no time

B. I'd rather not

C. I'd like it

D. I'd be happy to

16. —Does your brother intend to study German?

—Yes, he intends ________ .

A. /

B. to

C. so

D. that

17. —Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight?

—________ .

A. Yes, I'd like to go to the Grand Theatre

B. I'd like to, but I have an exam tomorrow

C. No, I won't

D. That's right

18. —You should have thanked her before you left.

—I meant ________ , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.

A. to do

B. to

C. doing

D. doing to

19. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.

A. Were

B. Should

C. Would

D. Will

20. ________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.

A. If it is not

B. Were

C. Had it not been

D. If they were not

21. I will know what was on his mind at the time, nor will ________ .

A. anyone

B. anyone else

C. no one

D. no one else

22. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither ________ any end to their influence on man's lives.

A. there is

B. there are

C. is there

D. are there

23. —I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!

—________ .

A. Nor am I

B. Neither would I

C. Same with me

D. So do I

_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

一、单项填空

1. Whoever comes here to have the meeting will be treated ________ a wonderful dinner.

A. to

B. with

C. for

D. on

2. Life is very hard in the city. In order to escape ________ some people drink alcohol.

A. character

B. evidence

C. pressure

D. temper

3. A traffic accident happened and a great many people were ________.

A. destroyed

B. wounded

C. damaged

D. injured

4. Now a lot of new technology can ________ problems in industry.

A. be applied to solve

B. be applied to solving

C. apply to solve

D. apply to solving

5. The fellow felt rather ________ as he was the only person that wore sportswear at the party.

A. in place

B. out of place

C. by the way

D. in the way

6. If he isn’t sure about something，he will ask the same question ________ until he is sure about it.

A. sooner or later

B. over and over again

C. no more

D. more or less

7. He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he were ________ from the outside world.

A. cut out

B. cut off

C. cut up

D. cut through

8. If we learn some knowledge of first aid, it can make a real ________ in time of accidents.

A. appointment

B. decision

C. deal

D. difference

9. —How long has your grandma ________?

—About three months.

A. fallen ill

B. been ill

C. fall ill

D. be ill

10. She was about to go out ________ the doorbell rang.

A. while

B. as

C. then

D. when

11. ________ students with their teachers ________ outing to have a good weekend.

A. Many a; goes

B. A large number of; went

C. A large amount of; went

D. A lot of; has gone

12. It was ________ he came back from Africa that year ________ he met the girl he would like to marry.

A. when; then

B. not; until

C. not until; that

D. only; when

13. Tom wanted to play football with his friends in the street, but his father told him ________.

A. not to

B. not to do

C. not do it

D. do not to

14. We don’t doubt ________ we will complete all the project before the year 2019.

A. when

B. if

C. that

D. whether

15. Generally speaking, ________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

A. when taking

B. when taken

C. when to take

D. when to be taken

16. You must take your raincoat with you. Don’t get ________in the rain.

A. to be caught

B. catching

C. to catch

D. caught

17. I won the first prize and you can imagine how excited I was when the Mayor ________ me with the reward.

A. provided

B. supplied

C. presented

D. charged

18. Which material can be thrown into the sea ________on the nature of the material?

A. depended

B. depending

C. to depend

D. depends

19. —What’s wrong with your left arm?

—A bee has bitten it and it is________.

A. swelled up

B. swelling down

C. swelling up

D. swelled down

20. Many laid-off workers have________ the government________ the newly-built apartments.

A. applied for; to

B. applied; for

C. applied to; for

D. applied to; /

二、完形填空

If you see someone drowning，speed is very important. Once you get him out of the __1__, if he isn’t __2__, you have four minutes before his brain is completely __3__.Support his neck, tilt(使翘起)his head back and press his chin(下巴)upwards. This __4__ the tongue blocking the airway in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again. If that doesn’t __5__, start mouth-to-mouth breathing. Press his nostrils (鼻孔) together with your _6__.Open your __7__ wide and take a deep breath. Blow into his lungs until his chest __8__. Then remove your mouth and watch his chest fall. Repeat twelve times a minute. Keep doing __9__ help arrives.

To bring a child back to __10__, keep your lips around his mouth and nose and gently __11__ his mouth. Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to __12__ the blood with oxygen. If, __13__ your efforts, he starts turning a blue grey color, you can __14__ no pulse, then pressing is the __15__ chance of saving his life.

With arms straight, rock(摆动)forwards pressing down on the lower half of the breastbones. Don’t be

too hard __16__ you may break a rib(肋骨). Check how effective you are seeing if his color __17__ or his pulse becomes independent to your chest __18__ .If this __19__, stop the pressing. Otherwise __20__ until the rescue arrives.

1. A. ground B. room C. water D. forest

2. A. dying B. breathing C. swimming D. crying

3. A. destroyed B. covered C. thinking D. moved

4. A. keeps B. makes C. does D. stops

5. A. work B. matter C. breathe D. start

6. A. feet B. arm C. fingers D. face

7. A. eyes B. hand C. mouth D. tongue

8. A. falls B. moves C. becomes warm D. rises

9. A. when B. after C. as D. until

10. A. speak B. life C. safety D. smile

11. A. touch B. press C. open D. blow into

12. A. make B. fill C. produce D. watch

13. A. as a result of B. because of C. in spite of D. thinking of

14. A. feel B. get C. watch D. see

15. A. best B. first C. latest D. last

16. A. but B. or C. so D. since

17. A. improves B. changes C. remains the same D. is still good

18. A. hitting B. touching C. pressing D. moving

19. A. does B. happens C. works D. disappears

20. A. pressing B. keep C. go D. continue

三、阅读理解

Brian arrived at the San Francisco airport two hours before the flight to Paris. He was wearing three shirts, a jacket, two pairs of socks, a pair of shorts, and two pairs of jeans. He was carrying one small backpack, which was very full, but he didn’t have any other luggage. Brian needed to meet a man named Tony before he checked in for his flight. He found Tony near the Air France counter. Tony gave him a round-trip ticket and a small package.

“Give this package to Jean-Paul at the airport in Paris. He will have a sign with your name on it. I think you can find him easily, ”Tony said.“You don’t have any luggage, right?”

“Only this backpack,”Brian answered.“You said I could bring one carry-on bag.”

“That’s right. One carry-on bag is fine. Have a good trip.”

“Thanks.”

Is Brian a criminal(犯罪)? Not at all. He is an air courier. And he paid only $110 for the round-trip ticket to Paris. Air couriers get cheap airline tickets because they take important packages and papers to foreign countries. Businesses sometimes need to get packages and papers to people in foreign countries by the next day. Often, the only way they can do this is to use an air courier company. It is not cheap for a business to send a package with an air courier, but it is quick.

Every year about 80,000 people worldwide travel as air-couriers. The number of tickets for the

air-courier travel is growing by about 10 percent a year. However, air-courier travel isn’t for everyone. But if you have very little money, can be flexible(灵活的) about your travel plans, and don’t mind wearing the same clothes for a week, it can be a great way to take a vacation!

1. Why was Brian wearing so many clothes for his travel?

A. Because they were the uniforms for air-couriers.

B. Because that made him easier to be recognized.

C. Because his backpack had no room for his clothes.

D. Because he did not have any luggage with him.

2. An air-courier is a person who ________.

A. manages a business company in foreign countries

B. organizes international flights for tourists

C. travels around the world with cheap tickets

D. delivers papers and packages to foreign countries

3. One of the disadvantages of traveling as an air-courier is that he ________.

A. cannot decide when and where to travel

B. cannot take any luggage with him

C. has to wear two pairs of jeans

D. saves little money from the travel

4. The author of the text mainly ________.

A. describes the activities of a law-breaker

B. suggests an ideal way to travel

C. argues against the air-courier travel

D. tells us about a developing business

Almost no young people today know who the cartoon character Oswald the Rabbit is, but they certainly recognize his successor, Bugs Bunny. Oswald, Bugs, and hundreds of other characters were created by Walt Disney, perhaps the most famous cartoonist in history.

Born in Chicago in 1901, Walt Disney always wanted to be an artist. After returning from World War Ⅰ, in which he drove an ambulance, Disney worked as a commercial artist. He enjoyed drawing cartoons more than anything else, and decided to try his hand at a technology that was new at the time, moving pictures.

In the 1920’s, he produced several films where he made cartoon characters move as if by magic. The technique Disney used was painstaking. He made hundreds or even thousands of repeated drawings of the same character. In each drawing, the character was changed just a bit. A film was taken of the series of drawings, and when it was shown, the characters appeared to move. The process，called animation，is still used today，although computers have made the process much easier.

In 1928, Disney created his most famous character, Mortimer Mouse, who we know today as Mickey. The mouse starred in a cartoon called Steamboat Willie, which was unusual because it involved the use of a sound track. Within the next few years, Disney invented many of his other characters.

The lis t of Disney’s animation successes is long and memorable. It includes Pinocchio, Dumbo, Bambi, Cinderella, and Peter Pan. Perhaps his most remarkable animated film is Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Created in 1937, it was an immediate success. Today, more than fifty years later, it is still one of the most popular films for children.

1. What is one of the chief differences between animation today and in Walt Disney’s early years?

A. More people like animated movies.

B. Fewer people like animated movies.

C. Computers have made the job easier.

D. Computers have made the job harder.

2. Which of these words best describes Walt Disney?

A. Creative.

B. Athletic.

C. Exciting.

D. Quiet.

3. What makes the film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs so remarkable?

A. It was a little success when created.

B. It took more than a year to make it.

C. It was made at a time when there were no computers.

D. It has remained popular for more than fifty years.

4. What does the underlined word “painstaking” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Something that hurts because it involves hard work.

B. Taking a long time and involving much hard work.

C. Requiring a lot of effort, like running a marathon.

D. Requiring many fine tools, such as pens and pencils.

People often talk as if shyness is a disease or mental condition that can be cured. I prefer to think of it as an emotional disability. It is something we are born with and something we carry with us in our entire lives. There are too many people, however, who seem to be determined to find some way of doing away with their shyness. In my opinion, it’s a waste of time.I don’t mean that we should do nothing about it. On the contrary, I think we need to separate the basic fact of our shyness from our ability to take part in a social activity.

Look at one of the most famous shy people of them all, Johnny Carson. This man is painfully shy, yet for decades he made a living talking and associating with different people every night, in front of a national audience. Carson has never done away with his shyness, but he has successfully found a way to deal with it to the extent that he could be, not just a talk show host, but a legend (传奇) among talk show hosts. Look also at Sally Fields, who has recently admitted her problem with shyness. This is a woman who has appeared in many films, TV shows and interviews, yet in her early years, she was so shy that she turned down a lunch invitation from Jane Fonda because she was terribly afraid of meeting her.

I guess that our shyness is there because each of us is born with some insecurity(不安全感) and this insecurity prevents us from reaching out to others in the way people with a more open personality do. As we grow up and become adults, we allow our social skills to grow and develop. But we are still stuck in kindergarten or elementary school or wherever it was when our shyness took root in our soul.

1. In the author’s view, shyness can be explained as ________.

A. a disease that can be easily cured

B. an abnormal mental condition

C. an emotional disability

D. something we pick up after birth

2. The author believes it’s a waste of time to ____________.

A. develop a healthy personality

B. talk with as many people as possible

C. study where shyness comes from

D. look for ways to do away wit h one’s shyness

3.Which of the following is TRUE of Johnny Carson?

A. He dared to speak in front of a national audience.

B. He did away with his shyness carefully.

C. He was described as a hero in some legend books.

D. He failed to become a good talk show host.

4. The passage tells us that Sally Fields was ______.

A. proud all the time

B. impolite when young

C. shy in her early years

D. close to Jane Fonda

四、书面表达

根据下列短文，用英语写一篇100～120词的关于急救的小文章。

在日常生活中，学习一些急救知识，对一个人来说很重要。假如一个人发生车祸，在医生到来之前，需要对他/她进行医疗护理，做急救时，应注意以下三点：首先，如果他/她停止了呼吸，掰开

他/她的嘴巴看看喉咙口有无食物。其次，假如他/她不能呼吸，就采取人工呼吸的方法，尽快使他/她开始呼吸。再次，如果他/她伤得很重，应立即止血，然后送往医院。如果他/她失血过多，达三分之一，那么他/她有可能会死。人人都应学习急救知识，这样才能挽救其他人的性命。

高中人教版英语必修五课本答案

教材练习答案及听力原文 Unit 1 WARMING UP ?Answers: 1 Archimedes, Ancient Greek (287-21 2 BC) He was a mathematician. He found that if you put an object into water the water pushes the object up. It rises and partly floats. The force of the water pushing it up is the same as the weight of the object. 2 Charles Darwin, British (1808-1882) The Origin of Species was published in 1859. It explained how plants and animals had changed over time to fit in with a changing environment. At the time it was published it was very controversial. Many people believed the Bible when it said that God made the first two people (Adam and Eve) and that all other people came from these two. Darwin’s book showed that people had developed from apes instead. So this caused a lot of ar gument between religious and scientific people. However Darwin’s idea became very influential and is still accepted today. 3 Thomas Newcomen, British (1663-1729) He improved the first steam pump built by Thomas Savery in 1698 and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it still further in the 1770s turning it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways. 4 Gregor Mendel, Czech (1822-1884) He grew pea plants and developed ideas on heredity and inherited characteristics. He concentrated on cross-fertilising pea plants and analyzing the results. Between 1856-1863 he grew 28,000 pea plants. He examined seven kinds of seed and plant characteristics and developed some laws of inheritance. The first is that inheritance factors do not combine but are passed to the next generation intact. Second, he found that each partner gives half the inherited factors to the young. Third, some of these factors show up in the offspring (and so are dominant). The other factors are masked by the dominant ones (and so are recessive). 5 Marie Curie, Polish and French (1867-1934) She was born in Poland and came to study in France in 1891 and she lived there for the rest of her life. In 1898 she discovered radium. She received two Nobel prizes, one (with Pierre Curie) for physics (1903) and one for chemistry (1911). She is the only person to have been so honoured. On the death of her husband she took over his job at the Sorbonne in Paris. Her work on radioactivity and the discovery of radium meant that she began a new scientific area of research. She was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize and the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne. 6 Thomas Edison, American (1847-1931) He was already an inventor of other electrical devices (phonograph, electric light bulb) when in 1882 he designed a system for providing New York with electricity from a central power station. This was a tremendous achievement, which had previously been thought impossible.

人教版高中英语必修五电子课本

按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放 必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly dise ase of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousand s of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted t o face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never b e controlled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera ki lled people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person die d. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed eviden ce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enqu iry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the d eaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 a nd 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. H e immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle f rom the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed d own. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deat hs that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away f rom Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it deliver ed to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drin king the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with ce rtainty that polluted water carried the virus.

高二英语必修五unit1语法总结

Unit 1 语法重点 一、动词不定式 不定式可以用来做主语、表语、定语、状语、宾语、独立成分，表示比较具体的意义。 （1）做主语 ①动词不定式短语 To master a foreign language is no easy job. To see this film is to waste time. To solve this problem is out of the question ②为平衡整个句子，避免头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语，而将真正主语不定式放后 面，用于这种形式是一些特定的结构。例如： 1）谓语部分是系表结构，表语是某些形容词或名词。例如： It is foolish to do in this way. It sounds reasonable to do it this way. 2）某些动词做谓语时。例如： It took much time to do this. It makes us excited to think about that. (2) 做表语 表示打算、计划、命令和要求，用于appear, seem, happen等系动词后面 Such questions are to be avoided. What he said proved to be true. He seems to be ill. (3) 做定语 做定语时不定式一般紧跟其所修饰名词或代词后面。例如： He was the first one to come this morning. He didn’t have the chance to go to school in the past. 如果不定式是不及物动词时，应注意其相应介词的搭配。例如： He has nothing to worry about. She is a very nice person to work with. (4) 作状语 不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因和结果。 ①表目的常用in order to, so as to,等结构但so as to只能放在主句之后。 Check your homework so as to avoid mistakes. She goes home (in order) to see her grandmother every week. ②表结果常用only to do, enough to do, too…to do等句型，不定式短语作结果状语具有 “意料之外”之意。 He is too excited to speak anything. I hurried to his house, only to find him out. ③原因 She seemed surprised to see us. He is sorry for what he did to think of his past. -不定式作方式状语时，通常采用as if 或 as though + to 的结构，其意为“好像要……”。 He raised his hand as if to hit me. She took out a pen and a piece of paper as though to write something. (5) 做宾语

高中英语必修五课文及翻译

高中英语必修五课文及翻 译 Final approval draft on November 22, 2020

-必修 5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom Reading PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history. First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup! England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture. The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national

人教版高中英语【必修二】[语法讲解

人教版高中英语必修二 知识点梳理 ）巩固练习 重点题型（ 常考知识点 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 概念引入： He is a person who never gives up.他是个永远不服输的人。 I found him in the woods,where has a well-known tree. (我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。) Our guide,(who was a Frenchman,)was an excellent cook. 我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人 She was not on the train which arrived just now。 她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上 语法点拨 什么是定语从句？ 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that 关系副词：when,where,why 我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句： 1.This is our school.It is beautiful. →This is our school which is beautiful. 2.This is our school.W e study in our school. →This is our school which we study in. →This is our school in which we study. →This is our school where we study. 3.Do you know the r oom?It is made of amber. →Do you know the room which is made of amber? 4.I have read the newspaper.It carries the important news. →I have r ead the newsp aper which carries the important news. 从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出： 先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格。 1.A plane is a machine t hat can fly. the machine=that 2.The boy who brok e the window is called Wangkai. the boy=who 3.The boy whose p arents are working outside was b r oug ht up by his grandfather. the boy’s=whose 【高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）356521限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】

高中英语重点语法知识汇总(最新整理)

介词和介词短语 1、介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词和其他介词。 1）时间介词：at, in, after, by, before, during, since, for, until, from 2）地点介词：in, at, on, over, under, below, near, behind, by 3）方式介词：with, by, like, in, without等 2、介词和其他代词或名词搭配形成介词短语。介词短语在句中可以作状语，定语，表语，补足语等。 1）作表语例如：It was in 2005 in Beijing. 2）作宾语补足语例如：He found his dog outside the station. 3）作后置定语例如：I even store them in boxes under my bed. 4）作状语例如：You are supposed to put your bread on your plate. 状语从句 1、地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。 Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多。 Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。 2、方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。 1）as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如…”，“就像”，多用于正式文体，例如： Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。 As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。 Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。 2）as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气， 表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作“仿佛……似的”，“好像……似的”，例如： They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的.（与事实相反谓语用虚拟语气）

外研社必修五课文reading-原文

Module 1 British and American English Words, words, words British and American English are different in many ways. The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary. There are hundreds of different words which are not used on the other side of the Atlantic, or which are used with a different meaning. Some of these words are well known — Americans drive automobiles down freeways and fill up with gas; the British drive cars along motorways and fill up with petrol. As a tourist, you will need to use the underground in London or the subway in New York, or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi (British) or ca b (American). Chips or French fries? But other words and expressions are not so well known. Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, it's a torch. The British queue up; Americans stand in line. Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing. Chips, for example, are pieces of hot fried potato in Britain; in the States chips are very thin and are sold in packets. The British call these crisps. The chips the British know and love are French fries on the other side of the Atlantic. Have or have got? There are a few differences in grammar, too. The British say Have you got ...? while Americans prefer Do you have ...? An American might say My friend just arrived, but a British person would say My friend has just arrived. Prepositions, too, can be different: compare on the team, on the weekend (American) with in the team, at the weekend (British). The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them (I'll see you Monday; Write me soon!). Colour or color? The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation. American spelling seems simpler: center, color and program instead of centre, colour and programme. Many factors have influenced American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived four hundred years ago. The accent, which is most similar to British English, can be heard on the East Coast of the US. When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences. But are they really so important? After all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them. A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. Turn on the TV Some experts believe that the two varieties are moving closer together. For more than a century communications across the Atlantic have developed steadily. Since the 1980s, with satellite TV and the Internet, it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch. This non-stop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other. But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English, so that some people now believe that British English will disappear. However, if you turn on CNN, the American TV network, you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents — American, British, Australian, and even Spanish. One of the best-known faces, Monita Rajpal, was born in Hong Kong, China, and grew up speaking Chinese and Punjabi, as well as English. This international dimension suggests that in the future, there are going to be many "Englishes", not just two main varieties. But the message is "Don't worry." Users of English will all be able to understand each other — wherever they are.

高中英语知识点完整解读大全

高中英语知识点完整解读大全 一、定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解 1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains. A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were 【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的which 和it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）： (1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops. A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are (2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station. A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are (3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food. A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are 2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A. that B. which C. where D. what 【陷阱】容易误选B，认为around 是介词，选which 用以代替前面的名词hospital，在此用作介词around 的宾语。 【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C 的理由是：句中的around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？ 3. David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。 【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入such … that …，句末的动词like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词boy，同时as 在定语从句中用作动词like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为like 后有自己的宾语him： David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like him. A. that B. who C. as D. whom

人教版高中英语必修五电子课本

按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly diseas e of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be contr olled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera kille d people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangero us gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the dis ease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evide nce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his en quiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the de aths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 an d 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he mad e further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 C ambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water f rom the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He imm ediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away fr om Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certaint y that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source o f all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally "King Cholera" was defeated. COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY