高中英语语法全解-主谓一致

第十六章主谓一致

主谓一致（concord），是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。英语中动词be的变化形式最多，如I am，You are，He is，We are等。主语I一定要用am 的动词形式，这就叫“主谓一致”。

一、主谓一致的三个原则

主谓一致涉及三个基本原则，即语法一致原则（principle of grammatical concord）、意义一致原则（principle of notional concord）和就近原则（principle of proximity）。

A.语法一致

语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系，主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；反之，谓语动词用复数形式。

My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子不想与我一起度假。

My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子们不想与我一起度假。

B.意义一致

意义一致是说谓语动词的单、复数要取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面上的语法标记。

1. 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。

The only people who are interested in the book seem to be lawyers. 唯一对这本书感兴趣的人好像是律师。

The majority of primary school teachers are women. 大多数小学老师都是女的。2. 主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。

No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。

Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities. 桌球在一些城市里越来越受欢迎。

C.就近原则

就近原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时，谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致。

There is a square table and some chairs in the center of the dining-room. 餐厅中央有一张方桌和几把椅子。

Either your students or William knows this. 不是你的学生就是威廉知道这件事。

如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定，遵循语法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法。

二、并列主语的主谓一致

A.由and 连接的并列主语

1. 用and（或both... and）连接并列主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。

A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 榔头和锯子都是有用的工具。

Both industry and agriculture have been greatly developed these years. 这几年工农业大大地发展了。

①当and连接的两个名词是指组合到一起的一件完整的或成套的东西，或表示同一个人或一种概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting. 这位教师兼作家正在会上发言。

A needle and thread was given to her, but she could not sew the button on. 针线给了她，但她不会把钮扣缝起来。（a needle and thread 作为同一件东西对待）

Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。（going to bed early and getting up early 被看成同一概念）

Bread and butter is his usual breakfast. 他经常以黄油面包当早餐。

远方看见一辆马车。

iron and steel 钢铁

law and order 治安

bread and butter黄油面包

a watch and chain 一块带链的表

a knife and fork刀叉

a coat and tie配有领带的上衣

aim and end 目的

truth and honesty 真诚

2. 一个名词为几个并列形容词所修饰时，这时主语和谓语动词的一致关系一般遵循语法一致的原则。

Clever and slow students are treated alike. 聪明的和迟钝的学生都受到相同的对待。

A black and white kitten was found in the garden yesterday. 昨天在花园里发现一只黑白色的小花猫。

比较：

A black and a white dogs are playing in the yard. 一只黑狗和一只白狗正在院子里玩。（两只狗）

A black and white dog is playing in the yard. 一只黑白花狗正在院子里玩。(一只狗)

3．在each... and each ..., every...and every..., no...and no...等结构之后，谓语动词用单数形式。

Each boy and each girl has an apple. 每个男孩和女孩都有苹果。

Every hour and every minute is precious. 每一小时，每一分钟，都很宝贵。

No bird and no beast is seen on the lonely island. 荒岛上既看不到鸟也看不到野兽。

4. 带有并列动词的what从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定动词的数。What he says and does do not agree. 他的言行不一致。（具体指他说的话和他做的事）

What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行与我无关。（泛指他的为人）5．在某些成语中，一些并列主语用and相连时，其后谓语用单数形式。

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 光工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也会变傻。Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富有、聪慧。

B.以or, either...or, neither...nor, not...but, not only...but also等连接的名词（代词）

作并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。

Neither he nor I am willing to go shopping today. 他和我今天都不愿去购物。

--Are either you or he to go there --是你还是他将去那里？

--Neither is. --一个也不去。

Not only the Writer brothers but also their father was there. 不只是莱特兄弟在那里，连他们的父亲也在。

Not the students but their teatrers but also their father was there.

被邀请去参加晚会的不是学生（们），而是他们的老师。

C．主语后跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, like, rather than, together with, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定，也就是说，谓语动词的数不受这些词组的影响。The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. 这位老师和学生们一起在图书馆阅读。

The students as well as the teacher were reading in the library. 学生们和这位老师一起在图书馆阅读。

The manager, rather than the workers, is responsible for the loss. 损失的责任应由经理而不是工人们来承担。

Nobody but three policemen was on the spot. 当时只有三个警察在现场。

三、单一主语的主谓一致

单数的主语跟单数的动词，复数的主语跟复数的动词，这是符合语法一致的原则。但在实际运用中，往往会出现较为复杂的情况：

A．形复意单的名词作主语

形复意单的名词作主语（即形式为复数，意义为单数），按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。

1. 许多学科名称，如mathematics, physics, economics, politics等，以及news等名词作主语时，动词用单数。

Physics is required of every student in our school. 物理是我校每个学生的必修科目。

News is traveling fast nowadays. 当今新闻传播得很快。

2. 用作国名、组织机构、书名、报刊名等复数形式的专有名词作为整体对待，谓语用单数。

The United Nations has passed a resolution to lift sanctions against Iraq. 联合国通过了解除对伊制裁的决定。

The Times reports the news of the strike. 时代杂志报导了罢工的消息。

Great Expectations was written by Dickens in 1860. 《远大前程》是狄更斯于1860年写的。

注意：

如果山脉、群岛、瀑布等名称作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

The Great Lakes lie between the USA and Canada. 五大湖在美国和加拿大两国之间。

The Philippines are in the western Pacific Ocean southeast of China. 菲律宾群岛在中国东南太平洋西部。

The Niagara Falls are the falls on the Niagara River. 尼亚加拉瀑布位于尼亚加拉河上。

3. 一些形复意单的名词，包括有成双成套部分的衣物或工具名称，作主语时，谓语用复数。

My blue trousers have been worn out. 我的蓝裤子已经穿破了。

他的眼镜是新的。

a pair of 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

The shoes are under the bed. 鞋在床下。

The pair of shoes is under the bed. 这双鞋在床下。

4. 单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数；用作复数意义时，谓语用复数。这类名词有：sheep, deer, fish, means, works, species, Chinese, Japanese等。

The (This) glass works was set up in 1986. 这家玻璃厂建于1986年。

The (These) glass works are near the railway station. 这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。This species of rose is very rare. 这种玫瑰很稀有。

The species of fish are numerous. 鱼的种类很多。

Sheep are raised for wool. 养羊是为了剪毛。

There is a sheep under the tree. 树下有一只绵羊。

比较：

当这类名词前有a, such a, this, that, every修饰时，谓语用单数；有all, such, these, those修饰时，谓语用复数。

Every means has been tried out without much result. 每一种方法都试过了却没什么结果。

All means have been tried out without much result. 所有方法都试过了却没什么结果。

B．集合名词作主语

集合名词表示有若干个体组成的集合体，如army, audience, class, club, company, crowd, government, group, party, population, team, union等。

1. 集合名词作主语时，若表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数，若表示构成该集合体的成员，则谓语动词用复数。

His family are waiting for him. 他的家人正在等他。

But the man's family was small-only himself and his wife. 但那人的家庭很小，只有他本人和妻子。

One third of the population here are workers. 这里人口中有三分之一是工人。The population of the earth is increasing every year. 地球上的人口每年都在增长。

2. 有些集合名词，如cattle, folk, people, police, youth等，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，即所谓的“形单意复”。

The police have caught the thief. 警察已经抓住了小偷。

The cattle are grazing in the field. 牛在田野里吃草。

Youth today are quite different from 20 years ago. 现在的年轻人和20年前大不一样。

有些人从不知足。

The team is well organized. 这个队组织得很好。

The team are all tough players. 这个队的队员都很强壮。

All the class were jumping with joy. 全班同学都高兴地跳了起来。

The class is made up of 54 students. 这班由54名学生组成。

The young couple is happy. 这对年轻夫妇很幸福。

The young couple are quarrelling with each other. 这对年轻夫妇正在吵架。

The village is at the foot of the mountain. 这个村子在山脚下。

All the village are out to greet him. 全村人都出来欢迎他。

3．有些无生命（表示物）的集合名词作主语，谓语用单数。

All the furniture in my room is new. 我房间里的家具都是新的。

Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates. 在寒冷的气候中，保暖的衣服是必需的。

The machinery is driven by electricity. 这些机器是由电力驱动的。

Has your luggage arrived yet 你的行李已经运到了吗？

A lot of hiking equipment is needed here. 这里需要大量徒步旅行的装备。

C．代词作主语

1．名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。

Ours is a great country. 我们的（国家）是一个伟大的国家。(ours = our country) Your shoes are black, and mine are brown. 你的鞋是黑色的，我的(鞋)是棕色的。( mine=my shoes)

2．such, the same等指示代词作主语时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man with great achievements. 爱因斯坦就是这样一个俭朴而又取得巨大成就的人。

Such are her wishes. 她的愿望就这些。

3．关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数一致。

Those who want to go for a picnic please put up your hands. 那些想去野餐的人请举手。

Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 一些被人类使用的能量来自于太阳

of+复数名词+whothatwhich 引导的定语从句结构中，关系代词whothatwhich的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。但当one之前有the, the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。

This is one of the best films that have been shown this year. 这是今年所放的最佳电影中的一部。

She is the only one of the girls who sings best. 她是这么多女孩中唯一歌唱得最好的。

4．疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。

Who lives upstairs It is Xiao Wang. 谁住在楼上？小王。

Who live next door It is Li and Zhang. 谁住在隔壁？李和张。

5．不定代词作主语时，有以下两种情况：

①some, all, any, none, more, most等词可以指复数名词和不可数名词，它们作主语时，视其文中的意义，判断动词用单数还是复数的形式。

Now all has been changed. 一切都已改变。

All are present today, Mr Li. answered the monitor. 班长回答说：李老师，今天大家全到了。

None is so good as he. 没有人像他那么好。

None are so good as those who are always ready to help others. 没有人像那些总是乐于助人的人那么好。

提示：

在口语中，none of + 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数或复数均可，要以说话人所想的而定。

None of the telephones workswork. 这些电话都坏了。

None of us havehas been to Dalian. 我们中谁也没去过大连。

②some, all, any, none, more, most等词接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词用复数形式。

Most of his spare time was spent in reading. 他的大部分业余时间都花在读书上了。

Most of the colour blind people are men. 色盲的人大多数是男的。

D．数词、量词作主语

1. 数词作主语，不论指人还是指物，谓语通常用复数。

About twenty know the secret. 二十人知道这个秘密。

Six are missing. 丢了六个。

2. “more than one + 单数名词”结构作主语，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词用单数形式。但“more+复数名词+than one”结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

More than one person has known the news. 不止一个人知道了这个消息。

More students than one are for your proposal. 很多学生同意你的计划。

3. one out of ten 或one in ten结构作主语，谓语动词应按照语法一致的原则，用单数。

One out of ten was badly injured in the accident. 在这场事故中有十分之一的人受了伤。

4. “a +单数名词+ or two”结构作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。但“one or two +复数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

A word or two is missing here. 这里缺一两个词。

One or two friends are coming for dinner this evening. 一两个朋友今晚要来吃晚饭。

5. “many a + 单数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。

Many a passenger was killed in the accident.许多乘客在这一次事故中丧生。Many a boy has been to the castle. 有好几个男孩到过那城堡。

6. “one and a half + 复数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。

One and a half bananas is left on the table. 桌上还剩下一根半香蕉。

One and a half years has passed. 一年半时间过去了。

7. “分数或百分数+ of + 名词”结构作主语，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。

Three-fourths of its surface of the earth is sea. 地球表面四分之三是海洋。

Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. 在场的三分之二的人反对这个计划。

Around 10 percent of the forest is destroyed each year. 每年大约有百分之十的森林被毁。

8. 用plusand表示“加”，用minus表示“减”，和用times表示“乘”时，动词多用单数，但也可用复数。

Two and two isare four. 二加二是四。

十乘五等于五十。

表示“被减”，multiplied by表示“被乘”或divided by表示“被除”，其谓语动词用单数。

8 from 10 leaves 2. 10减8等于2。

25 divided by 5 equals 5. 25除以5等于5。

9. 时间价格距离等作为整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Fifty kilometers is a long distance. 五十公里是一段长距离。

Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford. 她付不起4，000美元。

The six months was a terrible dream for her. 那6个月对她来说是一场恶梦。

Only six days was allowed to make preparations for the final examination. 只给了六

Six years have passed since my father left home. 我父亲离家已经六年了。

The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours. 优胜者花了三小时跑完了50英里的路程。

There are eight silver dollars in the drawer. 抽屉里有八块银元。

10.“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a heap of, a mass of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为of后面的名词是中心词，而of前面的量词是修饰语。

Lots of damage was caused by fire. 许多损失由火灾引起的。

Lots of goods were sent there by air. 大量的货物空运到那里。

Half of the oranges are bad. 一半的桔子烂了。

Half of the food is unfit to eat. 这食物中有一半不能吃。

11. 在“a numbertotal of+名词复数”结构中，中心词是名词，谓语动词用复数形式。但在“the numbertotal of+ 名词复数”结构中，中心词却是number或total，故谓语动词用单数形式。

A number of students are playing basketball on the playground. 操场上有相当多的学生在打篮球。

The number of pages in this book is 900. 这本书的页数是900。

A total of 3，000 letters were received last month. 上个月共收到3，000封信。The total of letters received last month was 3，000. 上个月收到信件共3，000封。

12. 在“a great deal of a large amount of + 不可数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但“large amounts of + 不可数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词通常用复数。

A great deal of rice was taken from the country to the city by railway. 很多大米通过铁路从乡下运往城市。

A large amount of money is spent on the project. 这个工程耗费了巨额资金。Large amounts of money were spent on the free way. 建高速公路花了大量的钱。13. “the rest of + 可数名词或不可数名词”结构作主语，其谓语动词要与短语

中of后面的名词的数保持一致。

The rest of the students are watering trees. 其余的学生正在浇树。

The rest of the wine has gone bad. 剩下的酒已经变质了。

四、其他情况的主谓一致

A．名词性从句和非谓语动词作主语

不定式短语、动词的-ing形式和名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。Doing experiments is a good way to find out answers to questions. 做实验是找到问

题答案的好方法。

To learn foreign languages is not so difficult as you think. 学一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。

That I shall work with you is a great pleasure. 我能和你在一起工作是极大的快乐。注意：

what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词可用复数形式。

What we want is more time. 我们需要的是更多的时间。

What they need in that area are doctors and nurses. 他们那个地区需要的是医务工作者。

What she left him are some old photos. 她给他留下的是一些旧照片。

B．名词化的形容词作主语

名词化的形容词指的是“the＋形容词（或过去分词或现在分词）”结构，如：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the wounded, the injured, the unemployed, the dying, the living 等。当这种结构作主语，表示一类人时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但也有少数的形容词或过去分词与定冠词连用指个别的或表示抽象的概念时，谓语动词则用单数。

The young are more active than the old in the work. 做这项工作青年人比老年人积

极。

The injured in the accident is an engineer. 在这次事故中受伤的那人是位工程师。The beautiful is loved by all. 爱美之心人皆有之。

必背：

下列词属于表示抽象的概念，谓语动词需用单数。

the latest 最新情况

the unknown未知的事

the rough 难处理的事

the worst最坏的事

the foreign 外国的事情

the unreal不真实的事

the lovely 漂亮的东西

the evil恶

the ugly 丑

the mystical 神秘的东西

the true 真

the false假

C．倒装句

倒装句的谓语动词的单复数应根据主语而定。

On the wall were several famous paintings. 墙上悬挂着几幅著名油画。

East of the city lie two chemical works. 城东有两家化工厂。

Between the two buildings stands a monument. 两幢楼之间耸立着一块纪念碑。

高中英语语法大全

（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that

高中英语语法(主谓一致练习题)

1. 2. 2010届高一上期末综合练习之 主谓一致练习 Neither he nor I ___ for the pla n. A. were B. is C are My family as well as I __ glad to see you. D. am A. was B. is C. are D. am My father, together with some of his old frien ds, __ there already. A. will be B. had been C. has been bee n 4. 3. D. have 5. 6. 7. 8. There are two roads and either ___ t o the stati on. A. is lead ing B. are lead ing Nine plus three ___ twelve. A. are mak ing B. is mak ing Twenty miles __ a long way to cover. A. seem to be B. is Very few ___ his address in the tow n. A. has known B. are knowing Whe n and where this took place _ A. has B. is C. were C. lead D. leads C. make D. makes C. are D. were 9. C. know still unknown. D. ar D. knows I know that all ___ gett ing on well with her. A. were B. are C. is D. was 10. The rest of the no vel __ very in terest ing. A. seem B. is C. are D. were 11. Our family ___ a happy one. A. are B. was C. are D. is 12. The boy sitting by the window is the only one coun tryside in our school. A. was B. were 13. More tha n one an swer __ t o the questi on. A. had give n B. were give n bee n give n of the stude nts who from the C. is D. are C. has bee n give n D. have 14. The stude nts in our school each __ an En glish dict ionary. A. are hav ing B. had C. has 15. The pair of shoes __ worn out. A. had bee n B. have bee n C. were D. was 16. A professor and a writer __ prese nt at the meeti ng. A. had bee n B. were 17. Those who __ singing may join us. A. is fond of B. enjoy liki ng 18. There ___ a knife and fork on the table. A. are B. is seem ing to be to be 19. Over 80 perce nt of the populatio n _ workers. A. will be B. are C. is 20. The whole class __ greatly moved at his words. A. is B. had 21. The woun ded __ good care of here now. A. is tak ing B. are tak ing taken 22. Deer __ faster tha n dogs. A. will run B. are running 23. The police ___ a pris oner. A. are searched for B. is searchi ng searchi ng for 24. It was reported that six A. had killed killed ,in clud ing a boy. B. was killi ng C. is C. likes C. seem to be C. were C. are being take n C. runs D. have D. was D. are D. seems D. was D. was D. is D. run C. are search ing for C. were killed D. is D. was

高中英语语法系统全解【珍藏版】

高中英语语法系统全解 第一章动词时态 在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。一、一般时 一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。 A.一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s 或-es。 They want good jobs. 他们想要好的工作。 The coat matches the dress. 外衣和裙子很相配。 This work does not satisfy me. 这项工作我不满意。 Do you understand? 你懂了吗? 2．一般现在时的用法 ①一般现在时的基本用法 a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态 He always takes a walk after supper. 晚饭后他总是散散步。 Everyone is in high spirits now. 现在大家都情绪高涨。 b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起在西方落下。 Sound travels faster through water than it does through air. 声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。

Time and tide wait for no man. 时间不等人。 c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态 This cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很软。 I love classical music. 我喜欢古典音乐。 The President still seems able to find time to go fishing. 看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。 d. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 The meeting begins at 7:00. 会议七点钟开始。 We leave here at 8:00 sharp. 我们八点整离开这里。 e. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作 When you come next time, bring me some magazines. 你下次来时，给我带几本杂志。 If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去那里。 Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home. 不管他同意与否，我都会待在家里。 ②一般现在时的特殊用法 a. 用于新闻标题或图片说明中 China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful 中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功 Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow 劳拉·布什抵达莫斯科 b. 用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中 Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.

高中英语语法大全归纳总结-高中语法归纳总结

高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…

高中英语语法名词和主谓一致【55题】

名词与主谓一致 1. Where and when to go for the on-salary holiday _____ yet. a. are not decided b. have not been decided c. is not being decided d. has not been decided 2. Mary is the only one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 3. Mary is one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 4. All life on our planet _____, in one way or another, upon the sun. a. depend b. depending c. depends d. depended 5. Whisky and soda _____ always my favorite drink. a. is b. was c. are d. were 6. Kate as well as her sisters _____ interest in studing Chinese. a. are b. take c. takes d. is 7. More than one graduate _____ sent to the hardest place since 1979. a. is b. are c. has been d. have been 8. The secretary of the Party branch and director of the factory often _____ with the workers. a. works b. work c. is working d. are working 9. His family _____ always quarrelling among _____. a. is; itself b. are; themselves c. is; themselves d. are; itself 10. Some folk _____ never _____ with the present situation. a. is; satisfying b. are; satisfied c. are; satisfying d. is; satisfied 11. Each of the students in our class _____ great interest in English and they each _____ a copy of A New English-Chinese Dictionary. a. shows; have b. have; has c. is; have d. takes; has 12. ---- _____ ypur clothes? ---- No, mine _____ hanging over there. a. Is it; is b. Are these; are c. Is it; are d. Are these; is 13. Either you or the headmaster _____ which student will go to attend that meeting. a. is not decided b. are to decided c. are deciding d. is to decided 14. All but one _____ here just now. a. is b. was c. has been d. were 15. Light and heat _____ often sent out together with heavy smoke. a. is b. was c. are d. being 16. No chair and no desk _____ permitted to be taken away from the reading room. a. are b. were c. is d. be 17. Strangely enough, a pair of new trousers _____ among the rubbish. a. were found b. was found c. found d. had found 18. Large quantities of fruit _____ all over the world from China today. a. is shipped b. are shipped c. has shopped d. have shipped 19. It _____ William and Carol who helped me the other day. a. has been b. are c. was d. were 20. Growing around the lake _____ wold flowers of different colors. a. is b. are c. has d. have

《高中英语语法汇总》

《高中英语语法大全》(word下载版) 本文件内容丰富，讲解详细，层次分明，重点突出，包括高中英语中非常详尽的知识点、易错点、易混点、常考点等，是高中学生和老师非常实用而而且管用语法大全。适合不同层次的高中学生使用。 《高中英语语法大全》第01章名词 一、概说 名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词，如boy 男孩，mother 母亲，news 消息，progress 进步，computer 计算机，Tom 汤姆，Paris 巴黎，Japan 日本，furniture 家具，等。 名词根据其词汇意义，通常分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词主要指人、地方、组织、机构等的专有的名称，专有名词的第一个字母通常大写，如Mary 玛丽，Mr Green 格林先生，Beijing 北京，等；普通名词通常指人、物、概念等的一般名称。根据普通名词的语法性质，它又可以细为个体名词、物质名词、集合名词和抽象名词四类：个体名词表示人或物的个体，如girl 女孩，pen 钢笔，等；物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物，如wood 木头，meat 肉，等；集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family 家庭，crowd 人群，等；抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念，如work 工作，happiness 幸福，等。 二、名词的数 1.名词复数的构成方法 (1)在一般情况下，加词尾 -s： book / books 书 pen / pens 钢笔 face / faces 脸 (2)以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词，通常加词尾 -es： bus / buses 公共汽车 box / boxes 盒子 dish / dishes 盘子 注：有些以 ch 结尾的名词，由于其发音不是 [k] 而是 [tf]，那么其复数形式应加词尾–s，如stomach / stomachs 胃。 (3)以y 结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：以―辅音字母+y‖结尾的名词，将 y 改为 ies；以―元音字母＋y‖结尾的名词，直接加词尾s： city / cities 城市 boy / boys 男孩 key / keys 钥匙

高中英语语法总结大全-形容词和副词

高中英语语法大全之形容词和副词 形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 （错）He is an ill man. （对）The man is ill. （错）She is an afraid girl. （对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词 1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：(错）She sang lovely. （错）He spoke to me very friendly. （对）Her singing was lovely. （对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 用形容词表示类别和整体 1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building

《高中英语语法汇总》最全、最实用

《高中英语语法大全》 本文件内容丰富，讲解详细，层次分明，重点突出，包括高中英语中非常详尽的知识点、易错点、易混点、常考点等，是高中学生和老师非常实用而而且管用语法大全。适合不同层次的高中学生使用。 《高中英语语法大全》第01章名词 一、概说 名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词，如boy 男孩，mother 母亲，news 消息，progress 进步，computer 计算机，Tom 汤姆，Paris 巴黎，Japan 日本，furniture 家具，等。 名词根据其词汇意义，通常分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词主要指人、地方、组织、机构等的专有的名称，专有名词的第一个字母通常大写，如Mary 玛丽，Mr Green 格林先生，Beijing 北京，等；普通名词通常指人、物、概念等的一般名称。根据普通名词的语法性质，它又可以细为个体名词、物质名词、集合名词和抽象名词四类：个体名词表示人或物的个体，如girl 女孩，pen 钢笔，等；物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物，如wood 木头，meat 肉，等；集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family 家庭，crowd 人群，等；抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念，如work 工作，happiness 幸福，等。 二、名词的数 1.名词复数的构成方法 (1)在一般情况下，加词尾 -s： book / books 书 pen / pens 钢笔 face / faces 脸 (2)以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词，通常加词尾 -es： bus / buses 公共汽车 box / boxes 盒子 dish / dishes 盘子 注：有些以 ch 结尾的名词，由于其发音不是 [k] 而是 [tf]，那么其复数形式应加词尾–s，如stomach / stomachs 胃。 (3)以y 结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，将 y 改为 ies；以“元音字母＋y”结尾的名词，直接加词尾s： city / cities 城市 boy / boys 男孩 key / keys 钥匙

高中英语语法知识点 主谓一致

考点 03 主谓一致
【命题解读】 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主 谓一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就 近一致三个方面上。 【命题预测】 主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形 式出题，在完形填空中也会有所涉及，总体难度系数较低，纵观近年的高考真题，主谓一 致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。预计 2018 年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致； 2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配； 3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致； 4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 His father is working on the farm. 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、 To study English well is not easy. 动名词短语或从句作主语时， 谓语动词一 语法一致 般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。 The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all.
1

Lucy and Lily are twins. 2. 由连接词 and 或 both …… and 连接起来 的合成主语后面， 要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词， 尽管后面跟有 with，together with，except，but，like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides，including 等引起的短语， playground. 谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数， 谓语用复数形式。 She，like you and Tom，is very tall. Mr. Green ， together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
4. either，neither，each，every 或 no + Each of us has a new book. 单数名词和由 some，any，no，every 构 Everything around us is matter. 成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词 that，who， hard. which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与 He is the only one of my friends who is 句中先行词的数一致。 working hard.
一致原则
考点详解 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体， 它的谓
例句 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a
语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其 monitor. 谓语动词就用复数形式。 语法一致 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 注：people，police，cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， There are a lot of people in the classroom.
2

高中英语语法大全总结

英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。 如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或 代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如： Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。 通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我 的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词

高中英语语法大全(详细)

第一主题英语语法系统全解（一） 第1章动词时态 2-4楼 第2章被动语态 5-7 楼 第3章虚拟语气 9-11 楼 第4章情态动词 12-16楼 第5章动词不定式 17-20 楼 第6章动词的ing形式 21-24楼 第7章过去分词 25-27楼 第8章独立主格结构 28－30楼 第9章名词性从句 31－33楼 第10章定语从句 35－40楼 第11章状语从句（一） 40－45楼 第11章状语从句（二） 第12章直接引语和间接引语 第13章倒装 第14章强调 第15章省略 第16章主谓一致 动词时态－－一般时 第一章动词时态（一） 在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。 一、一般时 一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。

A.一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s或-es。 “我’为开头做称呼的是第一人称 ‘你’怎么怎么样是第二人称 ‘他她它’是第三人称 第三人称就是第三人称转述。 例：小兰对妈妈说：“我要出去玩了” 第三人称：小兰对妈妈说，她要出去玩了。 第三人称，就是说是叙述性质的，没有人的语言，是旁白在记叙！ 以我的角度说，就是第一人称； 以和你说的角度说，就是第二人称； 站在事情外说事情，他怎么怎么样，那就是第三人称了 They want good jobs. 他们想要好的工作。 The coat matches the dress. 外衣和裙子很相配。 This work does not satisfy me. 这项工作我不满意。 Do you understand? 你懂了吗? 2．一般现在时的用法 ①一般现在时的基本用法 a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态 He always takes a walk after supper. 晚饭后他总是散散步。 Everyone is in high spirits now. 现在大家都情绪高涨。 b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

高中英语语法大全(新版)

英语语法大全 第一部分：词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is, are, have, see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法： (1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如： inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥ Chinese; Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible

完整高中英语语法最重要知识汇总

个人整理切勿外传 按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn't matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn't matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn't matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?